Abstract This paper discusses the Aryan Brotherhood, a white supremacist group that believes in the ideology that white people (biologically European/ American in descent) are considered the supreme race, which is similar to Adolf Hitler?s, pro-Aryan, anti-Semitic ideologies during the World War II. They originated in California in 1967, particularly at the San Quentin prison and 'hate' any individual who has black skin or is Jewish in religion. It examines how they reinforce these ideologies over people (willing or unwilling) by means of violence, political, social and economic manipulation and how evidence of such violence occurred from killings and riots made during the early establishment of the group in the 1960s, and the prevalent occurrence of crime happened during the 1990s.
From the Paper "Their primary means of distinguishing their group from the others (apart from their physical appearance, of course) is identification through the Aryan Brotherhood tattoo, since its main origins came from the prison. It was said that any individual who is not a member of this group, and is found the members of AB would immediately subject sporting the said AB tattoo to murder. The Aryan Brotherhood Gang has increased alliance with other white supremacist groups, which includes the Aryan Nations, National Alliance, American Nazi Party, Nazi Low Riders, and Dirty White Boys."
The current staus of women in India as it pertains to their involvement in society and the barriers that they must confront due to gender discrimination.
Abstract This paper explores the treatment of women in India; how religion and education influence their lives and provides a historical explanation as to their current status. Contrasts western ideas with the philosophy of patriarchal dominance. Includes a discussion on how and why women retain the inferior roles in Indian society.
From the Paper "Breathtaking beauty exists in the historic Himalayas, tombs and temples that liter the landscape; all are magnificent aspects of the exquisite country of India. Still, beneath the powering peaks and popular tourist destinations lies an ugly reality. India is a country in southern Asia, and is bound on the north by Afghanistan, China, Nepal, and Bhutan; on the east by Bangladesh, Myanmar and the Bay of Bengal; on the south by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mann"r and the Indian Ocean; and on the west by the Arabian Sea and Pakistan. India is divided into a total of 28 states and 7 union territories and New Delhi is the country's capital. The land is composed various types of topography; everything from deserts to dunes and forests to fertile river plains. India has the second highest population of any country in the world. For many years it was composed of kingdoms and empires, but today it consists of many populous cities. The western world may see India in terms of its thriving urban areas filled with bustling businesses and people from every race, class and community, but what most don"t see is the fear and heartache that occupy many women's faces."
This paper discusses the book "From Out of the Shadows: Mexican Women in Twentieth-Century America," by Dr. Vicki Ruiz, specifically, as it gives voice to Mexican-American women.
2,110 words (approx. 8.4 pages), 2 sources, 2002, $ 66.95
Abstract This paper discusses, from all angles, at home, at work and in the community, Twentieth-Century Mexican-American women, descendents of some of the first immigrants to the United States. The paper reviews Ruiz's book that shows Mexican-America women working for menial wages to help support the family and suffering from stereotypes. The author states that, although often history texts can be dry and lifeless, Ruiz's text comes alive with the voices of the women about whom she writes.
From the Paper "Each of the causes of change was important and devastating, but probably the most devastating was the discovery of gold in California. Mexican-Americans had long made California their home, and some owned extensive ranchos, but California glittered too brightly, and the United States took the country for its own in 1850. The rancho way of life disappeared, especially when the ranchos belonged to women, which was not unusual in Mexican society. Unlike the U.S., Mexican women could and did own their own property, but their title was not recognized when the U. S. annexed California, and they lost much if not all of their land."
Abstract This paper discusses the role of the Italian-American women in American cinema and the functions that they fulfill within the Italian-American community and draws a comparison between Italian-American female roles and the parts played by American actresses. It examines some of the more famous Italian-American female characters in films such as cinematic masterpieces such as ?The Godfather" and "True Love" and how they are usually portrayed as working class and victims of violence. It shows how both Italian-American and American female characters in movies are challenged by a patriarchal society. The only difference is that the American character is free to do something about it even if all odds are against her whereas the Italian-American female characters on the other hand do not possess that luxury because their cultural norms do not allow such liberties.
From the Paper "Then there are directors such as Martin Scorsese and Francis Ford Coppola who have made powerful Mafia movies "Goodfellas" and "The Godfather" respectively. Even though the main theme of their movies is the havoc that the mafia wrecks in the lives of Italian-American immigrants there always exists a strong underlying theme that relates the role of the mothers, daughters and wives of these mafia members. In short the role of the "family". For example in a comic scene in the "Goodfellas" Scorsese makes a connection between food and death when Tommy's mother serves them a mouth-watering meal just after her son and his friends have returned from trying to commit murder."
Abstract This paper discusses how of how poverty and illiteracy have kept many minority individuals from transcending their problematic conditions. It examines how the literacy demands on people in every demographic group have increased rapidly and the impact within the minority-dominated urban underclass who simply do not have access to the educational tools required to break the vicious cycle. It evaluates the socio-economic effect of poverty and illiteracy such as street gangs and increased mortality rates and how transformation of the residents of poverty-stricken communities can be most readily achieved through federal and private funding programs that allow easier access to quality education that improves literacy rates, subsequently increasing income and reducing poverty among minorities.
From the Paper "Poverty is undoubtedly a contributing factor to racial oppression (Omi & Winant, 13) in terms of literacy and in numerous other regards. Yet the class divisions in the United States continue to widen. Nearly a third of the US population is near or below the federal poverty line. One percent of the US population now controls over a third of the wealth, and the next ten per cent controls another third (Gans, 67). The United States has witnessed a tremendous growth in the size of its urban underclass each year. The percentage of the population persistently poor is large and rapidly increasing, meaning that more and more teenagers are joining gangs, increasing amounts of crimes are being committed and the need for welfare is exploding in most cities."
Abstract This paper gives a history of Mexican mariachi music from its beginnings to present day. It looks at its emergence in the Mexican media with the growth of radio and movies, as well as its influence on American pop culture. The author discusses the changes in mariachi music since its traditional beginnings and how its sounds have become a national symbol of the people of Mexico.
From the Paper "Sombrero's, tequila, and the blistering heat south of the border, are just a few thoughts that come to mind when one thinks of Mexico. Along with these stereotypical images, many people also hear and picture the sound and dress of the mariachi band; Mexico's most nationally celebrated music. Mariachi music went from being the traditional sounds of the highlands of Jalisco to recognition as the music of Mexico. It is quite an achievement to start at such a humble beginning and use the popularity of technology and media to reach the nationally popularity it has achieved."
A paper which looks at Vietnamese nationalism and the rise of Ho Chi Minh to power in 1945, against the backdrop of thousands of years of extensive colonial rule.
Abstract The paper shows that national identity is crucial to the Vietnamese because they have an extensive history of colonial rule, beginning in 2nd Century B.C. and ending in 1945 when the Vietnamese drove the French out of their land. The paper traces the rise in Vietnamese nationalism until Ho Chi Minh rose as a communist and nationalist leader in the 1940s to unite his fellow countrymen.
From the Paper "Vietnamese nationalism and anti- colonialism are indistinguishable because many of the nationalist organizations revolted against French colonial rule. National pride and unique national identity were possible only when oppressive colonial rulers were defeated. From the mid 18th century to 1945, France influenced Vietnam through physical presence like building hydraulic dams, and indirect presence by France manipulating Vietnamese officials as if they were puppets . Between 1904 and 1960, Vietnamese leaders formed numerous revolutionary organizations . Modern Vietnamese nationalism, for the sake of this brief paper, begins at the turn of the century."
From the Paper "America is a nation made up primarily of immigrants and their descendants. The Asian Indian experience in the United States is both similar to some of these immigrant groups and different from them because of unique aspects of Indian culture, the circumstances of immigration, and the way this particular ethnic group has sought to retain certain elements of its culture while adapting in other respects to American culture. The book by Parmatma Saran offers a study by the author of the elements involved in Asian Indian immigration and how that population has fared in American society.
The author begins by considering the nature of America as a ... "
This paper discusses the social problems and economic struggles experienced by Persian (Iranian) immigrants in the United States who fled from Khomeini regime after 1979 Revolution: Language, prejudice, employment, culture and customs, and family issue
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, 1990, $ 47.95
From the Paper "This paper will be concerned with the social problems and economic struggles experienced by Persian immigrants in the United States. The immigration of Persians to the United States was greatly increased following the 1979 Iranian Revolution in which the Ayatollah Khomeini took over leadership of the government from the Shah. Khomeini's new government was strongly based on the values of the Moslem religion. As a result, severe restrictions were placed on virtually every aspect of Iranian life. This change disrupted the lives and security of many of Iran's citizens. This was especially true in the case of the nation's nonMoslem minorities, such as the Bahais, Zoroastrians, Christians and Jews. As a result of the Moslem takeover in Iran, all men, regardless of their beliefs, were forced to adhere to Moslem religious customs and to abandon any elements of ... "
This paper discusses Persian Jewish immigrants who have settled in Los Angeles, California: Statistics, reasons for immigration, assimilation, cultural identification, prejudice, employment and education.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 7 sources, 1991, $ 111.95
From the Paper "This paper will discuss Persian Jewish immigrants who have settled in Los Angeles, California. Persian Jews play an important role in Los Angeles because they are part of the intricate ethnic and cultural fabric that makes up the city as a whole. The Jewish immigrants from Iran play a vital part in both the Jewish and Iranian communities of Los Angeles (L.A.). Despite some difficulties in assimilation, for the most part Persian Jews have adapted well to the American way of life and have become successful figures in L.A. society. Persian Jewish immigrants started coming to Los Angeles in large numbers in the late 1970s and early 1980s. This influx of Jewish immigrants from Iran occurred because the Shah of Iran, Reza Pahlavilwas overthrown in 1979 during a revolution which brought the Islamic leader Ayatollah Khomeini to power. The Islamic government of ... "
From the Paper "Racism is a universal problem. It occurs almost anywhere there is more than one racial group in a population, and the dominant group tends to take out its frustrations, its prejudices, and its fears on the more vulnerable and smaller subpopulation in its midst. Jamaica Kincaid's book A Small Place is set in Antigua in the British West Indies, while Emile Habiby's The Secret Life of Saeed takes place in Palestine and tells the story of a Palestinian Arab who remained in Palestine after Israel incorporated the region. Both books involve situations in which racism appears, directed at some minority population in each country. For the people who are experiencing this racism, it has become a daily part of their lives. It may be ignored by them (on the surface, at least), or it may be something they rail against openly. In either case, it festers..."
From the Paper "" Police Brutality: Is the Perception Greater or Less than the Reality?
Introduction
Racial and ethnic minorities, by an large, are convinced that police officers, by an large, have few compunctions against using violence against them. One strong public perception among racial and ethnic minorities is that police solidarity will prevail against civilian efforts to hold police officers accountable for the unacceptable use of force, intimidation, and coercion (Shernock, 1988, pp. 182.194). Another strong public perception is that defensiveness toward racial and ethnic minority civilians on the part of police officers affects the ethical orientations of the police officers (Shernock, 1990, pp. 24.42). Another powerful factor negatively affecting the public..."
From the Paper "Cultural Traditions of France
This essay analyzes some of the cultural traditions of France through a discussion of its philosophy and literature.
Philosophy
The history of France begins with the Romans, who first entered what is modern day France in the second century BC. There they encountered the Celts, who were a metal-age people from northern and central Europe who had migrated into the area from about 1000 BC. As one author states, "Celtic Gaul was never more than a geographical expression and bequeathed little of substance to the French -- neither language, faith, institutions, nor customs" (Cole, 1989, 7). The Romanization of Gaul began after Julius Caesar conquered Gaul in 52 BC. With Rome came good.."
A comparative study of four films, "Bound by Honor", "Beloved", "Lion of the Desert" and "Anna and the King", focusing on politics, culture and emotions.
1,577 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 0 sources, 2002, $ 51.95
Abstract This paper discusses four different films, "Bound by Honor", "Beloved", "Lion of the Desert" and "Anna and the King". The paper reviews each film in relation to its political and cultural background, and to the emotions prevalent in each movie. The paper claims that cultural oppression is a common theme in all four films. Using emotions as a tool for cultural change is described in the theme of how to overcome oppression.
From the Paper "Nearly all matters of cultural diversity involve some degree of emotional reasoning. All of the above movies involve cultural diversity, and indeed cultural oppression, to some degree. In "Bound by Honor" the main characters are motivated by strong culturally connected emotion. Logic is overridden by emotion when two of the three main characters follow paths of self-destruction. The same is true of "Beloved". The black mother and daughter are prisoners of their past, because they cannot free their emotions from it."
Abstract This paper stated that President Jefferson commissioned the Lewis and Clark Expedition to do what other explores had failed. The paper describes in detail the actual journey. The paper discusses that Lewis and Clark succeeded in many areas: Opened the U.S. from the Missouri River north to the Pacific Ocean, mapped and described the areas in detail (invaluable to later settlers), discovered many previously unknown species of fauna and established contact the Indians.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Preparations
Up the Missouri
Toward the Pacific
The Return Trip
Importance of the Expedition
Conclusion
From the Paper "The group traveled in two canoes of a type called pirogues and a 55 foot keelboat, propelled by sail and oars. All summer, they traveled up the Missouri. The days were often hot and muggy and then freezing cold. Mosquitoes tormented them and rain squalls drenched the men and boats. Sand bars slowed their progress. Seldom did the expedition make more than fourteen miles a day. There were some disciplinary problems and two desertions. The only man to die on the expedition succumbed to appendicitis during this time. "
