Abstract The paper studies the ethical and philosophical side of the worldwide tragedy of global warming. Looking at texts by noted environmental ethicists such as Erazim Kohak, Paul W. Taylor and Peter Singer, the paper looks at causes of global warming, efforts to reverse and stop global warming and just how responsible we as human beings are for the earth's well-being.
From the Paper "In today's world of tsunamis and fires and other natural disasters, there seems to be little that measly man can do to halt his own destruction by Mother Nature. Houses and buildings can only be built so soundly, so much caution can only be taken. Yet, some of nature's ravages can be halted, or could have been avoided, had man possessed more accurate foresight and less greed and apathy. One of these occurrences in nature is global warming. This phenomenon is the increase over the course of time of the temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Global warming is a concern, as if it is left unchecked, it will very likely have a severely adverse effect upon the global environment and economy, through it's damaging of agriculture and livable areas."
Abstract This paper identifies the various aspects of three different counseling associations in detail, emphasizing the significance of confidentiality, personal circumstances, and sexual relationships in light of their defined Codes of Ethics. Many similar issues are evaluated in these Codes, as each association strives to remain protective of their clients at all times.
From the Paper "The codes of ethics of counseling agencies encompass a wide variety of objectives, which are designed to promote positive counseling experiences that fall under morally acceptable standards. Three specific groups have defined codes of ethics that are unique in different ways, and they demonstrate the importance of maintaining an ethical approach to conducting counseling sessions with clients. The following discussion will compare and contrast the key issues related to confidentiality, sexual intimacy, and personal issues within three specific associations that focus on counseling ethics. The American Association of Pastoral Counselors possesses a distinct code of ethics that emphasizes faith as the primary means of providing support to those in need, and this encompasses such principles as continuing education, the development of healthy relationships, and to manage caseloads that only within the realm of knowledge and experience of the association's members ("Code of Ethics", 1994)."
Abstract This paper examines the issue of ethics within the physical therapy field. More specifically, this paper looks at the difficult divide that therapists must straddle between professional expectations and the individualized care that some patients require (the two, suffice it to say, are often in conflict). This paper examines the issue and suggests that a marriage of the two is nonetheless essential.
From the Paper "Ethics in Physical Therapy is a matter that deeply affects anyone who wishes to enter this challenging and rewarding field - or will need the services of these men and women in the future. This paper will examine the dilemmas physical therapists face when loyalty to their patients comes into conflict with loyalty to their employers. Historically, this sort of ethical conflict has been known as the "dilemma of the double agent" and it is a growing concern in a society where healthcare is becoming increasingly privatized and physical therapists face not only mounting financial pressures but also growing professional demands that make a difficult job all the more strenuous. This paper will introduce the issue of the "double agent", examine the present situation and suggest some possible future resolutions."
Abstract Many people would argue that if science can accomplish the task of human cloning we have an obligation to use it. Leon Kass, a modern philosopher, says that human cloning for reproductive purposes is wrong. After summarizing his position and that of Raanan Gillon, this paper argues in support of Kass' position, indicating why cloning is not just wrong, but why it is immoral.
Abstract This paper discusses the personal values of the individual in relation to business and personal life. It further discusses how the cultural values of the corporation and the beliefs or ethics of the individual are incorporated into the employee's decision making. The paper also discusses how cultural values belong to the group, and personal ethics are individual. These two concepts must match in order to create an effective personal value statement.
From the Paper "In developing a personal values statement for personal and professional life, it is important to consider the effect of organizational, cultural, and personal values on the individual. Bond, Boonstra, Cheosakul, Fu, Higashide, Howell, Kennedy, Koopman, Lacassagne, Pasa, Peng, Prieto, Strinivas, Tata, and Yukl (2004) contend that values are "long lasting" (p. 284). These authors further state that there is a significant difference between the beliefs of an individual, and the values of a group or organization (Bond et al., 2004, p. 284). The theory of "beliefs" suggest that a personal viewpoint is being evaluated, while values suggest that a large number of people are sharing in one set of behaviors that will be best suited to the organization."
Abstract This paper looks at the use of rhetoric in King's "Letters from a Birmingham Jail." The paper discusses the major elements of appeal to logic, emotion and ethics, with detailed examples to support each style. This paper other further mentions other rhetorical elements in the context of supporting these basic elements.
From the Paper "In Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from a Birmingham Jail," he writes to his fellow religious leaders, ministers and clergymen who had written an open letter asking him and his fellow civil rights activists to stop demonstrating. He writes using incredibly powerful language and demonstrating elegant and precise rhetorical skills. King uses a wide variety of rhetorical techniques, primarily taking the form of an Aristotelian deliberative oratory. His focus is examining the question of whether or not civil rights activists should discontinue their direct actions of civil disobedience for the sake of maintaining order and the status quo, or whether they had an obligation to God and justice for all to continue. King, of course, argues that not only is he right for doing what he has been doing, but that there is a civil, moral, logical and ethical imperative to do so."
Abstract The paper discusses financial ethics in health care. The paper further explores research through three articles related to ethical concerns within health care and the financial entities that should abide by them. The paper also discusses what is meant by ethics in health care finance today, as well as determine how this term is applied to the modern health care environment.
From the Paper "Financial ethics in health care is considered to be an unspoken "covenant of trust" between health care professionals and society. This covenant includes the expectation that the individual will be placed above all other concerns in health care. The financial obligations of the physician or health care facility are included in this covenant ("Ethical," 1995). This trust was originally formulated in the days when doctors practiced medicine through home visits. Fees were based on a mutual agreement between patient and practitioner ("Ethical," 1995). There were few technologies prompted physicians to conduct research, and an even less proportion of equipment to run tests in the event of illness. Hospitals were community organizations that aided the sick, regardless of their ability to pay. There was little concern for the ethics of health care finance, except in the cases of a physician's desire to earn more income ("Ethical", 1995)."
Abstract This paper discusses modern organizational behavior trends in business. The paper examines the concerns for ethical decision-making in modern society and the processes that are required to ensure that ethics lead managers to proper conclusions for organizations today. The paper then examines how technology creates stress in the workforce, as well as how this issue can be addressed effectively.
From the Paper "Organizational Behavior Trends Introduction Modern business trends in organizational behavior include a newly awakened concern for ethical behavior, as well as a growing contemplation regarding the impact of technology on the workforce. Ethical concerns in decision-making provide a more stable working environment, as well as organizational values that are universal among members. Technology advances, while allowing businesses to expand in the global market, create stressors for employees that are often incapable of maintaining a current knowledge of systems that are expanding almost daily. Ethics and Decision Making The influence of ethics on decision-making is discussed by the Ethics Resource Center in Washington, D.C. The organization discusses the fact that decision-making in itself is a process that must be carefully approached, with a consideration for all elements affected by the decision prior to reaching a solution that will be beneficial to the organization."
Abstract This paper discusses the ethical issue in the case of the proposed Wal-Mart building in Petoskey, Michigan. According to the paper, the central ethical dilemma resolves around conflicting ethical principles with regard to business action. In this case, the conflict is between the central ethical tenet of economic theory - namely, that "profit maximization leads inexorably to the well-being of society" and the pragmatic objections to economic theory, which cite evidence that injurious practices (e.g., environmental damage) and the absence of competitive markets are often consequences of economic theory in practice .
Abstract This ethical study analyzes the current issues that involve both religion and medical science in relation to developments in human cloning. This medical issue is pertinent to ethics, since it involves a great deal of scientific questions as to how science is "playing God." This religious perspective is analyzed through Roman Catholic arguments against human cloning to better understand how this conflict is developing between both factions. In essence, this paper analyzes the two sides of the "playing God" issue in relation to the medical scientific advancements of human cloning. The first issue surrounding a social threat to human order in cloning is how cloning threatens a 'natural' order of birth in the human condition.
Abstract This essay is a response paper to five questions on the ethics of police officers and the different kinds of corruption that exist. One question deals with the "slippery slope" caused by gratuities. Other questions cover the four different types of character that exist on a police force, situational vs. "rotten apple" corruption, and leadership characteristics.
From the Paper "The "slippery slope" of corruption describes the process of an officer first accepting a small favor in return for services--or simply because his or her position as an officer lends an air of safety to a location. Some examples would be an officer waiting until after a restaurant has closed to escort the manager to the bank in return for meals, or accepting a free meal to give an appearance that an officer is present or on duty at that restaurant near closing time. Such small favors can lead to greater expectations on both sides of the line. The restaurant owner might expect that the officer will follow him home after making the deposit to ensure his safety, or might expect him to linger longer over his meal or make an appearance at other times of the day."
Abstract This paper reviews the incident of May 29, 2006 when Westjet Airlines ended a two year legal battle with its primary rival Air Canada by conceding that it had committed unethical business practices. The paper discusses how while Westjet's admission and apology together with its paying Air Canada's court costs of CAN $5.5 million and a donation of CAN $10 million to children's charities ended what in the view of the business community was an unprecedented bitterly public quarrel between the two companies, this dispute was widely regarded as a significant case in terms of Canadian business management ethics.
Abstract In this paper, the writer notes that although there have been many changes made in the last 10 years, same-sex adoption is still a major controversy issue in today's society. The writer uses relevant literature to demonstrate statistics regarding same-sex adoption. The writer maintains that many people believe that same-sex adoption is immoral and unethical. On the other hand, many people believe that same-sex adoption is acceptable, because they believe that the welfare of the child is more important than the gender of the child. The writer concludes that as long as the child is properly cared for mentally, physically and emotionally, the gender of the child should not be an issue.
From the Paper "Although the percentage rate of same-sex adoption has approved 64 % in the last 4 years, it is still a major issue in today's society. Some people believe that same-sex adoption is wrong, simply because the union itself is non-traditional. Therefore adoption is unethical. Others believe that same-sex adoption is acceptable, because they believe that the child should be raised with two parents that love him or her, regardless of the parent's gender. As long as the child is being cared for properly, in all aspects, mentally, physically, and emotionally there should not be any dispute of the parent's gender."
Abstract This paper defines ethics and explains some of the different viewpoints on ethics that exist. The paper then gives a critical view of ethics. Next, it discusses Aldo Leopold's land ethic. The paper concludes that there are many different opposing viewpoints in ethics and every person must make up their own ethics by which to live.
Table of Contents:
How do we Define Ethics?
A complicated System of Groups
Ethical Theories
Deontological Versus Teleological Theories
Every Situation is Different
The Critical View of Ethics
The Never Ending Story
Ethics as a Limiting Factor
Ethics as Propaganda
Ethics and the Environment
Aldo Leopold's Ethics
Aldo Leopold's Land Ethic
Conclusion
In the Literature
The Rose Theory
From the Paper "In order to discuss ethics, one must first attempt to understand the intricacies involved in this discipline. First, a distinction must be made between ethics and morality. "Ethical wisdom consists in knowing how to frame the ideal, and moral sagacity consists in knowing how to put the ideal to work and realize it in practice" (Rader 1964). In other words, ethics may be thought of as the theory by which morality is practiced. Although separate ideas, neither morality nor ethics can exist without the other. Once this distinction is made, the question must be asked, is ethics a science? Researchers have long tried to answer this question, and many have come to the following conclusion. It is believed that ethics is a "normative science: concerned with norms and standards not empirical facts" (Rader 1964)."
