Abstract This paper discusses the abortion issue, presenting the pro-life side and the pro-choice side. It gives a medical definition of abortion and a legal definition. It gives some of the possible physical and psychological results of abortion, and presents statistics to show that the risks are higher for childbirth than abortion for these complications.
From the Paper "The medical definition of abortion is the induced termination of a pregnancy with destruction of the fetus or embryo ..."
Abstract This paper looks at the role and development of ethics in the nursing profession. The paper begins with a discussion of the important moral principles in nursing. Next the paper assesses the relevance of traditional vs. ethical theories in nursing. The paper also questions the impact of critical thinking on nursing ethics. The paper concludes with an assessment of the importance of moral development within nurses on the continuing development of nursing ethics.
Abstract This paper examines the arguments concerning euthanasia and whether the practice of euthanasia can be considered ethical or even justified. The paper discusses and explains voluntary and involuntary euthanasia and looks at how the Utilitarian philosophy can be applied to this issue. The paper also looks at how arguments of Peter Singer apply to this topic.
From the Paper "The debate over euthanasia begins with the definition of the word itself. Today people distinguish between active and passive euthanasia as well as voluntary and involuntary euthanasia. The distinction between active and passive euthanasia would seem to be straightforward. Active euthanasia occurs when someone actively brings about someone's death as in through an injection of a toxic substance. Passive euthanasia, on the other hand, occurs when someone refuses to intervene actively in order to prevent someone else's death. For example, in a real life hospital setting a..."
Abstract This paper discusses the corporate scandal and debacle associated with Enron and Arthur Anderson. It explores the topic from the development of Enron to the management culture and how it contributed to the downfall of Enron over the course of the 1990s. The purpose of the paper is to expand on some of the pertinent issues surrounding this case.
From the Paper "The collapse of Enron can be explained in terms of the functions of management. Planning, leading, organizing, and controlling were all deficient in the Enron situation, as is apparent from the discussion of the management (or lack thereof) techniques employed. The obsession with stock prices and bonuses, earning targets, terrify employees to meet goals, lack of oversight, threatening evaluations, and no training all contributed to a poor management culture that eventually undermined the corporation. 2. Some simple initiatives that might have improved the situation for Enron would have been easy for management to employ. For example, management should have kept a tighter rein on employee activities. A better, more responsible corporate culture should have been devised, and greater transparency should have been devised. 3. Arthur Anderson was so badly affected by the scandal at Enron largely because they had intimated their business practices too ..."
Abstract Arguments against the use of torture, even in rare extreme circumstances, generally focus on the violation of humanity that occurs when a person is tortured. Torture, critics state, has a devastating affect on a victim's physical, mental, and social well being; it inflicts psychological agony which lasts indefinitely, creates a sense of disconnection in the individual and violates the tortured person's dignity and trust, as stated by Allen S. Keller, an assistant professor of clinical medicine and the Director of the Bellevue NYU Program for Survivors of Torture. This paper reviews and discusses arguments put forth against the use of torture.
Abstract Organizations must be willing to adapt or change in response to trends in the marketplace. This paper looks at how these trends include shifting demographics, new technologies, competition and changing social values. The paper also looks at how, in reaction to the external forces, high-performance organizations have emerged. Other trends in organizational behavior such as the influence of ethics on decision-making and the impact of technology on work-related stress are also detailed.
Outline:
Abstract
Organizational Behavior Trends
Ethics and Decision-Making
Technology and Stress
Conclusion
From the Paper "Success in any work setting depends on a respect for people and an understanding of human behavior in complex organizational systems (Schermerhorn et al, 2005). Understanding the human behavior is especially important when trying to manage and develop people to make ethical and savvy business decisions on behalf of the organization. Most people will agree ethical behavior is defined as behavior that is morally right and good as opposed to wrong or bad. However, the consensus of what is ethical pertaining to a specific action will often vary from person to person."
Abstract This paper discusses at length the ethical, legal and regulatory issues that have surfaced from the phenomenal rise of e-businesses. The paper contrasts the specific differences in each category of issues between B2C and B2B websites.
From the Paper "In the context of B2B, the number of clients that a website handles is usually small if compared with B2C websites but on the other hand the nature and amount of transactions taking place between the two parties is enormous. This only adds to the complexity of legal issues being faced by the businesses. It is necessary for B2B websites to keep track and documentation of all the communications going on between the different partners. Each client would necessarily have an encrypted username and password and even within a single domain there might be divisions to ensure customized information access. Again if two businesses are interacting through the internet and both of them are based in different countries then the issue of contracts and jurisdictions arise, all of which would have to be managed before the actual interaction/transaction begins."
Abstract This short paper argues that the internet has improved our lives and changed things for the better. The author includes numerous examples to back up his argument.
From the Paper "The Internet is just one of many technological innovations which have changed our lives in the last decade, yet it is by far one of the greatest. In a relatively insignificant amount of time, this simple concept has revolutionalised the way we go about our lives ? from our use of computers, to the print media industry, to significantly affecting the workings of both large and small businesses. Pick up any magazine, newspaper, listen to the radio or watch TV and you can?t help but notice the massive influence it has already had on our lives. It will also be a major force in determining our future. The question therefore has to be asked, has the "Dot-Com Revolution" changed our society for the better, or worse?"
Abstract A discussion of the difference between right and wrong and whether society knows how to discern between the two. The author discusses the case of Jon Venables and Robert Thompson who abducted and killed a two year old boy as well as various cases and scenarios to explain the debate.
From the Paper ?In February 1993, in Liverpool, England, two ten year old boys abducted two year old James Bulger and murdered him. In a case which shocked the whole country, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson were found guilty of murder, and were sentenced to imprisonment, at the age of ten. Since then, there has been numerous moral and ethical arguments put forward, contesting the justifiability of their sentence. The trial of Jon Venables and Robert Thompson was held before an adult jury. Witnesses were called, including Irene Slack, the headmistress of the school where the boys attended. In her evidence she said that from the age children enter school, they have a sense of right and wrong.?
Abstract This paper examines President Truman's decision to fire General MacArthur during the Korean War. It looks at the different reasons why MacArthur wanted to bomb China and suggests that Truman made his decision because he felt that MacArthur was gaining to much power. The author examines the correctness of the decision by detailing not only what what happened when MacArthur was fired, but also looks at what was prevented from happening in the war as a result of his firing.
From the Paper "In the Korean War, President Truman made a very controversial decision to relieve General Douglas MacArthur of his duties, for the reason that MacArthur tried to overpower the President to drop the atomic bomb on China. This decision was considered controversial amongst the American people due to the fact that MacArthur was looked upon as a wartime hero, being in both World Wars and leading the armed forces in Japan and Korea. I believe that Truman was right in his decision, looking ahead into the future to stop further conflicts with other nations. Truman, by making this decision, not only stopped the involvement of the Soviet Union entering the Korean War, but also stopped what could have been World War III, and ended the war in a more peaceful manner."
Abstract The paper discusses the two topics of debate which have sprung up since mammalian cloning made headlines - whether cloning is ethically correct, and whether it can become a profitable business. The paper shows how the two sets of questions have in the intervening five years become more and more tightly bound together, especially as the process of mammalian cloning has proved to be more technically difficult than once assumed. Faced with scores of maimed and partial individuals preceding each healthy clone, many scientists and many of those outside the scientific community have spent a great deal of time wondering whether it is ethical to go forward with such research ? aside from the practical questions of whether cloning could ever become economically viable.
From the Paper "Even those who wholeheartedly support cloning are in general morally opposed to the cloning of entire human individuals. Such an action is seen to violate some of our most deeply held beliefs about the sacredness and uniqueness of the individual. As a result, most cloning research today is focused on creating and then harvesting stem cells that might then be induced to grow into what are essentially spare parts. Thus a person who is blind might have new corneas grown for him while the diabetic might have a new pancreas grown for her."
Abstract The paper discusses the pros and cons of sports gambling, the problems with the betting - such as players receiving gifts from betting agents and the demoralization of the players and the game. The paper also studies the effect of sports betting on the economy.
From the Paper "Gambling and betting on sports can be traced back to the Greeks and Roman days, if not before. Risk is the essence of sports, and so is gambling. So it isn?t surprising to find the two hand in hand. But there are loud cries from politicians to pass bills against sport betting. The motivation for the bill can be traced to the Conservative Right and you can trace their thinking all the way back to the colonial period and the Puritans who tried to forbid gambling in New England. "The arguments we"re hearing in 2001 are exactly what moral leaders argued about in 1700? "
Abstract This paper examines the use of fallacious argument in advertising today. It describes that consumers must be critical and aware of the facts presented by the advertiser and that advertising as a whole, is one with many gray areas"and should be treated as such. The author writes, because the power of advertising"the power of words, images, context, and connections?has become so fully developed, it remains imperative that the public view advertising critically to determine its veracity before accepting the ad's messages.
From the Paper "Advertisements are prolific in today's consumer-based world. Indeed, so important is the construction of effective advertising that many corporations and agencies utilize plethoric methods and strategies to make their ads successful. This does cause a problem: many of these are tainted with fallacy and exude false innuendo, thus "misleading or confusing the public" (U-Haul Intern v. Jartran, 1994). Because the power of advertising"the power of words, images, context, and connections"has become so fully developed, it remains imperative that the public view advertising critically to determine its veracity before accepting the ad's messages. "
Abstract This paper begins with a description of the book's questioning of the innate goodness of mankind. The ways in which the author demonstrates the split between good and evil, this dual nature of humanity, is explored through an examination of the story, setting and characters in the book.
From the Paper "In his novel Lord of the Flies, William Golding forces us to question whether people are innately good, or whether what we call civilized behavior is only forced out of us as long as society demands it. In his vision as reflected by the novel, most of us need the constraint of society's rules to remain civilized and not descend into an uglier form of life where cruelty and abuse of power are easily rationalized or even celebrated. He suggests that instinctively we may be barbaric, not good or kind.
He demonstrates this split between good and evil in several ways. He sets the novel during a period of great warfare, with Great Britain threatened by atomic bombs. The boys are being airlifted away from the danger when they crash land on the desert island. On this island, he uses the existence of beauty and ugliness together several times. Then there is the struggle between civilization and barbarism evident in the power struggle between Ralph and Jake."
Tags: civilization, society, constraint, power, behavior, struggle, war, barbarism
Abstract An argumentative paper about the negative side of IVF. The writer claims that the IVF process entails killing off too many embryos to justify the low success rate that the process produces. This paper gives a summary of the process and explains why the line needs to be drawn between aiming to get a woman pregnant and disposing of the unsuccessful embryos.
From the Paper "Scientist has discovered a process that enables couples that are infertile to bare children. This process is called in vitro fertilization. Some say that in vitro fertilization is a life-giving miracle that gives two individuals the opportunity to bring a life into the world; however, others say that it is playing God. Although in vitro fertilization appears to be a blessing for couples that are unable to have children, it is nothing more than infanticide in disguise."
