Vertical Zonation

Paper Summary:

The paper explains how current research into vertical zonation across protected and exposed areas of various rocky shore environments has lead to contradictory results. While some data maintains that exposure to abiotic and biotic disruptive factors may cause either destruction or lessened species diversity in exposed areas, other data supports a more diverse and flourishing environment in exposed areas, owing to factors such as wave action, the up welling of nutrient rich water, and the destruction of larger, more dominant species allowing for the reproduction of smaller, usually subdued species.

From the Paper:

In the examination of marine life in vertical zonation of coastline environments, general biotic and abiotic stresses have been generally found to be influential. Biotic stressors include competition for space, competition for food, predation, food availability and grazing; abiotic stressors include temperature extremes, desiccation, wave action, salinity and freshwater input, pollution and freshwater runoff. It is generally accepted, however, that many environmental stressors have a limited impact on barnacle, algae and mussel species, as they have been long adapted to such dynamics. However, variations in dissemination of algae, barnacle and mussel species indicate that factors such as exposure and protection may play a role in species distribution of rocky shore environments, and that tidal factors play a role in vertical zonation.

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