Topics in Psychology

Paper Summary:

This paper explains that sensation is the process that allows the body to take in stimuli from outside of it; whereas, perception is based on what our own brain recognizes and how it processes the sensations of taste, smell, touch, vision, and hearing send to it. The author points out that classical and operant conditioning are two ways of learning; both have the elements of response to stimuli and are learned in response to stimuli. However, there are differences related to the person's incentives, reinforcement, and active or passive learning. The paper relates that the three kinds of memory are explicit, episodic, and semantic and that the components of cognition are problem-solving, creativity, reasoning, and judgment.

Table of Contents
Sensation and Perception
Classical and Operant Conditioning
Memory
Problem-Solving, Creativity, Reasoning, and Judgment

From the Paper:

"Classical conditioning is when a person or animal learns by associating between an event and some stimulus. An excellent example of classical conditioning is how Pavlov trained his dogs. He fed them food and watched the dogs to see what response they had, which was salivation prior to receiving the food. He then began to ring a bell prior to feeding the dogs and after a period, the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the bell. No food had to be present to make the dogs salivate, as they were able to associate the bell with the food."

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