Toilet Training

Paper Summary:

This paper discusses the age that is appropriate for toilet training and some of the methods recommended to be used, noting that toilet training at a certain age is most often a function of social pressures. The paper contends that society therefore requires the child to learn voluntary control of bladder and bowel in order to void at an acceptable time and place.

From the Paper:

"There are also ongoing discussions about such related topics as what would be the appropriate age range for toilet training and what are some developmentally appropriate guidelines for successful toilet training. The literature on the subject shows a number of answers to these questions and suggests that the issues may not be settled as yet. Before toilet training, research shows that there are developmental stags through which the child passes in developing increased control over certain bodily functions. Toilet training requires a certain degree of development because the child is otherwise simply unable to learn and respond as the parent will wish. Watson (1959) writes that the child at four weeks tends to have three or four bowel movements in a 24 hour period and that the child may now cry when his diaper is wet ..."

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