Theoretical Physics in 19th Century

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" By the last few decades of the nineteenth century, theoretical physics was entering a state of crisis.. This crisis, which reached its culmination about the turn of the century, was due to several factors. New discoveries, some quite accidental (such as that of X-rays) made physicists aware of previously unimagined form of radiant energy..
In addition, the development of precise means of measurements allowed experimental confirmation to be sought even for extremely subtle effects, which previously would have remained in the domain of theory alone.. For example, the luminiferous ether, through which light was supposed to move, was widely assumed to exist by nineteenth century physicists. Once its effects became measurable, experimentalists sought to identify them--and failed to find them, triggering a crisis.."

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