Paper Summary:

Paper explains Carter's policy option of 1978 in building up intelligence/presence in Pakistan that induced Soviet decision to invade Afghanistan, as an important but little realised aspect of a war that helped to dissolve the USSR. In Dec of 1979, the USSR invaded Afghanistan towards an impossible war of high casualties and low morale; Pakistan ISI role carried by Reagan administration 1981-; impact of the war, 1979-1992 - Taliban, remarks on present conflict with several questions on what the future should hold; ref to documents now unclassified; first hand accounts; scholarly materials and pointing out how educated culture has summarized the Carter era incorrectly.

From the Paper:

The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan of 1978 -1979. Introduction The Soviet Union's 40^th Army was prepared to invade Afghanistan in August of 1978, in support of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) Marxist government, a step towards hostilities ending in the May 1988 Soviet withdrawal, the last forces leaving Afghanistan on February 15, 1989. The invasion of December 24 1979 had occurred swiftly with the Soviet forces arriving on two main land routes and a massive air corridor (q.v.). As this paper explains, Moscow's decision to enter Afghanistan was triggered by U.S. activities in Pakistan in supporting anti-Marxists of

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