The Nineteenth Amendment and its Consequences

Paper Summary:

This paper studies the impact of women on the political landscape of the U.S. The paper begins with a review of the suffrage movement and the passage of the nineteenth amendment. Then, the paper summarizes the early influence of First Ladies, such as Eleanor Roosevelt and Ladybird Johnson. The bulk of the paper studies the current group of influential female decision-makers, including cabinet members, governors and state and national legislators. The paper concludes by asking how far the U.S. has come since the 19th amendment, and whether the U.S. will ultimately see a female president.

From the Paper:

"Congress proclaimed the Nineteenth Amendment to be part of the U.S. Constitution on August 26, 1920. It reads: "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex..." (Americana, p. 575) Thus, the ratification of the Amendment by at least three-fourths of the States gave women the right to vote. It was called "Women's Suffrage" and recognized the equality of women under the law. Of course, as we all know, equality under the law as to access to the voting booth, and access to equality at work and under other legal activities were two separate items. In fact, until this very year, 1999, Congress has refused to pass any legislation, lumped together as ERA...Equal Rights Amendment which goes far beyond voting. So, in essence, women are not, according to the strictest interpretation of Constitutional law, protected in all areas of life."

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