Second Language Learners

Paper Summary:

In this article, the writer claims that one may say that Stephen Krashen is an advocate of total immersion teaching to encourage second language learning in and out of the classroom. The writer points out that Krashen's techniques are worth studying because they provide educators with new approaches to teaching a second language in the classroom. Further, the writer notes that his techniques and hypotheses also counter traditional lecture style teaching and encourage educators to adopt more comprehensive practices to help students master a new language. The writer concludes that Krashen's techniques are important to study because they can provide educators with new methods for teaching second languages to students in a helpful and comprehensible environment.

Outline:
Introduction
Acquisition Learning
Monitor
Natural Order
Input
Affective Filter
Summary and Conclusions

From the Paper:

"This hypothesis is the basis of all other hypothesis presented by Krashen. The acquisition learning hypothesis focuses more on an individual's need to acquire skills in a second language than it focuses on the actual process of learning traditionally involved in a classroom setting. The whole basis of Krashen's concepts in fact, relies on one's ability to acquire language skills. The acquisition hypothesis suggests people have an acquired and learned system of entertaining a new language, with the acquisition process involving meaningful interaction in the "target language" . Using this hypothesis one may acquire language best through natural communications. Learned system process is the process of actually learning a language, like in a classroom environment."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Auerbach, E. (1993). Reexamining English only in the ESL classroom. TESOL Quarterly, 27(1): 9.
• Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
• Krashen, Stephen D. (1988). Principles and Practice in Second Language acquisition. New York: Prentice Hall.
• Pennycook, Alastair. (2001). Critical Applied Linguistics: A Critical Introduction. Mahwah, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
• Schutz, Ricardo. (2005, Aug). "Stephen Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition." Available: http://www.sk.com.br/sk-krash.html

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