Musical Instruments in Middle Ages

From the Paper:

"Very little is known of how musical instruments were employed in the Middle Ages. Although medieval art and literature offer considerable evidence of the existence of a variety of instruments, medieval theorists and transcribers of music indicated almost nothing about their use. It is known that, with the relatively minor exceptions of the organ and tuned bells, instruments were not used in sacred music. Their broad use in secular music, however, is little understood. In studying an era when little was done to preserve secular music, and existing scores made no mention of instrumental roles, musicologists must make deductions about instrumentation based on non-musical evidence and the interpretation of the rare extant scores, whose notations are imperfectly understood. A review of the use of instruments in medieval music demonstrates the extent.."

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