Logical Fallacies

Paper Summary:

This paper explains that personal attack is a form of fallacy in which the person presenting an argument is attacked instead of the argument itself, or a person may be attacked because of the association he or she keeps. The author points out that the bandwagon argument refers to the "Appeal to People" because people appeals often sway the population as a whole, which is type of "Fallacy of Relevance" because emotional reaction does not necessarily have any bearing on the truth or falsity of a conclusion. The paper relates that advertisements, organizational literature, CEO and manager appeals, and technology use within an organization are full of fallacies.

Table of Contents
Personal Attack
Bandwagon Argument
Appeal to Pity
Significance to Critical Thinking, Decision Making, and Organizational Examples

From the Paper:

"In an appeal to pity, the reader is told to agree to the proposition because of the pitiful state of the author. An example of appeal to pity is, "We hope you'll accept our recommendations. We spent the last three months working extra time on it." This argument does not state the advantages of their recommendations as compared to other recommendations, rather states the fact of the number of hours worked on the recommendations. In other words, the arguer is trying to emphasize his/her pitiful state, which has nothing to do with the truth of the proposition."

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