Frederick Hartmann & Robert Wendzel

From the Paper:

"Frederick H. Hartmann and Robert L. Wendzel, in "Foreign Policy Decisions," Chapter 1 in their book America's Foreign Policy in a Changing World, explore the process of making foreign policy decisions in cases where the "vital interests" (10) of the nation appear to be at stake. These cases often involve the decision to use or not use military force.

Exploring the Persian Gulf Crisis, the authors write that after intense public debate involving President Bush, the Congress and the American people, Bush prevailed in his decision to attack Iraq militarily, backed by the support of the United Nations. The authors argue that this decision and others involving vital interests and possible military action are far more complex than imagined.

For example, "every set of alternatives has four values, two ... "

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