An analysis of the peasant uprising and Matazana of El Salvador in 1932 as a consequence of economic, political, and social conditions in the country in the early 20th century.
Written in 2002; 2,825 words; 15 sources; MLA; $ 84.95
Paper Summary:
An infamous mass killing of peasants known as the "Matazana" occurred in El Salvador in 1932. It left the country with little chance of reform. This paper discusses: The Coffee Oligarchy, President Araujo and the Military Coup, United States Recognition of Martinez Administration, Marti and the Communist Party in El Salvador and the Peasant Uprising.
From the Paper:
"Late 19th century El Salvador can be characterized as a country that would soon be ripe for revolution. During the 1860s, the economy of the country became almost solely based on the production and sale of coffee. El Salvador's on a single crop created an enormous economic disparity between peasants and a coffee-growing elite. To compound the problem, the El Salvadorian government had close ties to the coffee plantation owners. The peasants lived in poverty and discontent for over half a century. Prior to their rebellion of 1932, the peasants had been subjected to harsh working conditions, including near starvation and extremely low wages, by a minority of coffee-growing moguls in the country who held a majority of the nation's wealth. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, sporadic and unorganized peasant revolts broke out in El Salvador and were easily defeated by plantation owners and the El Salvadorian government. Several events occurred prior to 1932 that acted as a catalyst for organized peasant rebellion. President Arturo Araujo, elected in 1931, committed his administration to reform and had a popular following among the working class. However, the peasant hope for reform was soon crushed when General Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez overthrew the Araujo administration in late-1931. The rise in membership among the working-classes also occurred during this time period. The self-proclaimed overseer of Latin America during the early 1900s, the United States, failed to keep Martinez in check, as it had done with previous Latin American revolutionaries. This lax attitude on the part of the United States gave Martinez free reign and contributed to his indiscriminate use of violence. Overwhelming peasant discontent, more organized as the result of a growing Communist party, finally culminated in a small, planned uprising in January of 1932. A mass killing of peasants immediately followed the uprising. This event is known in El Salvador as the Matazana or "the Massacre." The devastation following the Matazana left little chance for future reform. Economic, political, and social conditions in El Salvador in the early 20th century led to the peasant uprising and the resulting Matazana of 1932."
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