Compares Kagan's cognitive approach theory and Mahler's object relations theory on attachment bonding.
Written in 2001; 1,195 words; 2 sources; $ 40.95
Paper Summary:
This paper explores and contrasts theories of attachment from two theoretical orientations: the Object relations Theory and the Cognitive Learning Theory. The Cognitive perspective views the attachment as primarily biological and intellectual in nature, allowing personality traits and temperamental styles to affect attachment quality. The Object Relations Theory is primarily seen through rearing environments, and focuses primarily on social and emotional aspects.
From the Paper:
"Both authors discuss attachment, separation anxiety, and stranger anxiety, two contrasting approaches are used. Edward et al. (1981) focuses on the rearing environments and the primary relationship between mother and infant. The role of individuation relies upon the active role of the infant, and is mainly encouraged and reinforced through social interaction and feedback from parents. Additionally, Edward et al. (1981) does not consider biological factors in separation and stranger anxiety, rather attributes them to psychological and emotional factors, such as the attaining of basic trust. Conversely, Kagan (1984) although he acknowledges social and emotional aspects of the infant, he views attachment from a bio-cognitive approach, concentrating primarily on neurological development, cognitive processes, and inborn temperamental properties, despite the rearing environment. He believes that separation and stranger anxiety stem from the lack of brain and CNS maturation, leading to an inability to produce and maintain active memory. Lastly, Kagan (1984) suggested new concepts in his approach on attachment by critiquing the work of several research theories, and introducing some new interesting theories himself."
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