Examines the change in the U.S.'s policy on Vietnam between the years 1953 and 1961.
Written in 2002; 8,304 words; 28 sources; MLA; $ 177.95
Paper Summary:
This paper traces the evolution of the United States' policy toward Vietnam during the administration of President Dwight Eisenhower (January 1953-January 1961) and discusses the factors which shaped that policy and contributed to its ultimate failure. The focus of this paper is on the mind-set and operating assumptions of President Eisenhower and other key members of his national security team and their manifestation in Vietnam policy. The paper includes an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper:
"After Japan occupied military bases and ports in southern Indochina in June 1941, the oil resources of the Dutch East Indies lay exposed. The United States then restricted the export of high octane gasoline to Japan which Fall said "hardened the Japanese Navy's insistence upon an attack on Southeast Asia before its petrol supplies were completely exhausted." According to the historians of the Pentagon Papers, "ambivalence characterized U.S. policy [toward Indochina] during World War II." President Franklin Roosevelt opposed the return of French colonial control over Indochina. On January 24, 1944, FDR said: "France has had that country . . . for nearly one hundred years, and the people are worse off than they were at the beginning." However, Winston Churchill and Charles De Gaulle vigorously opposed FDR's plans to place Indochina under international trusteeship so Indochina's postwar status was left unresolved. In late August 1945, President Harry Truman assured De Gaulle that the United States recognized French sovereignty over Indochina. Truman never replied to letters sent to him by Ho Chi Minh, leader of the communist Vietminh and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam which Ho announced on September 2, 1945."
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