Adult Development

Paper Summary:

This paper studies the role age plays in the development of humans, focusing on the adult years. The author discusses how development can be effected by biological, cognitive, psychological and spiritual changes. Each of these is interlinked and a change in one field causes changes in all others. This paper sheds light in the ways aging and adult development would affect men and women falling into various age ranges.

Table of Contents:
Adult Development Case Study Analysis: Profiles of Adult Development
The Middle and Later Years
Woman: Age Forty to Age Sixty
Woman: Age Sixty to Age Eighty
Woman: Age Eighty and Above
Man: Age Forty to Age Sixty
Man: Age Sixty to Age Eighty
Man: Age Eighty and Above
Adult Development: Age Forty to Age Sixty
Adult Development: Age Sixty to Age Eighty
Adult Development: Age Eighty and Above

From the Paper:

"As mentioned earlier, the age forty marks the point where the peak abilities have passed, including cognitive abilities, "for perceptual speed and numerical ability, performance peaks before midlife and declines through midlife and into old age" (Martin and Zimprich, 2005).
However, this age also requires participation in activities requiring high cognitive abilities, "midlife might be characterized by cognitively demanding activities and relatively high levels of cognitive performance" (Martin and Zimprich, 2005). Although individual environment affect the cognitive development in all stages of life, the play a particular in midlife, "in middle adulthood, after having reached a high level, cognitive performance will be shaped strongly by individual environments" (see Sternberg et al., 2001). As cited by Martin for the Seattle Longitudinal Study, "The data suggest that for inductive reasoning, vocabulary, verbal memory, and spatial orientation, the average performance peaks occur in the ages from the early 40s to 60s, with fluid intelligence abilities showing earlier declines than crystallized abilities" (Schaie, 1996)."

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