Abstract This paper provides a definition of "acid rain" and how it is formed. It looks at the dangers of acid rain and the damage it is doing to the environment. It briefly examines options and programs that can be performed to reduce acid rain.
From the Paper "The term "acid rain" is a little misleading. Rain is naturally acidic, from both carbon dioxide in the air and absorption of chlorine from the ocean (Gordon, 2002). All compounds can be measured for acidity or alkalinity on a Ph scale ranging from 0 ? 14, with anything below 7 showing at least slight acidity. Rain is judged "acid" when its Ph falls below 5. (Gordon, 2002) Environmental scientists are concerned because in some parts of our country, the level of acidity in rain and snow has increased beyond its normal levels. This has had a serious impact in several areas, including our forests in the northeast and many of our most valued monuments."
Abstract This paper argues for the rights of consumers to know which food products they purchase have been genetically engineered. The writer first explains this concept and examines the potential health hazards that people are afraid of when buying such foods. It also looks at opinion of the food producer who is against such labeling due to unbiased fears amongst the consumer population. The paper also addresses the benefits of bio-engineering in certain fields which helps the production process of many food-groups.
From the Paper "In the twenty-first century, with all the pressing issues at hand, there is bound to be controversy and disagreement. There are many important issues, which face the world today, issues like abortion, the death penalty, gun control, censorship, women in combat and even genetically engineered food. With all the modern scientific advances we are making now, especially in the United States there are positive effects as well as negative effects. Genetically engineered foods are very controversial because there are just as many experts who say they are safe as there are experts who say they are unsafe. In the United States about two thirds of all produce on supermarket shelves is genetically engineered; now the problem we, as a nation, face is awareness. Our most relevant issue is whether it should be required to label these unnatural, possibly unsafe foods. And, the answer is yes; the public has a right to know what they are eating and choose whether they want to eat genetically engineered foods, mainly produce."
Abstract Volcanic dust is the residue that remains in the atmosphere after the eruption of a volcano. A volcano is a general term for any opening in the crust of a planet or natural satellite through which gases, lava or magma, and solid fragments are discharged. Volcanoes are typically classified as active, dormant, or extinct (Encarta, 1998).
The interior of the earth is composed of an inner solid-iron core surrounded by an iron-rich, liquid outer core. Beyond the core is the mantle, a chemically distinct silica-rich layer that extends to the earth's crust, about 4,100 miles from the center of the earth. The mantle is extremely hot, and convective ..."
From the Paper "VOLCANIC DUST
Definitions
Volcanic dust is the residue that remains in the atmosphere after the eruption of a volcano. A volcano is a general term for any opening in the crust of a planet or natural satellite through which gases, lava or magma, and solid fragments are discharged. Volcanoes are typically classified as active, dormant, or extinct (Encarta, 1998).
The interior of the earth is composed of an inner solid-iron core surrounded by an iron-rich, liquid outer core. Beyond the core is the mantle, a chemically distinct silica-rich layer that extends to the earth's crust, about 4,100 miles from the center of the earth. The mantle is extremely hot, and convective ..."
Abstract Global warming has been the subject of much debate since the concept of the greenhouse effect was first introduced by Nobel prize winning scientist Svante Arrhenius in 1896
From the Paper "Introduction
Global warming has been the subject of much debate since the concept of the greenhouse effect was first introduced by Nobel prize winning scientist Svante Arrhenius in 1896. Inspired by the onset of the industrial revolution, Arrhenius theorized that the earth's temperature would rise as a result of the mass consumption of fossil fuels. However, he postulated that humanity would flourish in a warmer climate, whereas there is a growing consensus in the scientific community today that just the opposite is the case.
What is Global Warming?
Global warming is also referred to as the greenhouse effect and is put in terms of climate change. Scientists,..."
Abstract This paper discusses issues of environmental protection and control as they affect our business, social and individual decisions. It shows that the long-term goal of environmental ethics must be to develop a logical approach to ethics that will manage to convince mankind of the benefits of resolving pertinent and dangerous issues through sound and ethical policy-making decisions.
From the Paper "Environmental ethics is a field of study that provides guidance in the analysis of moral problems related to our natural environment (Sagoff, 1988). Since the early 1970s society has become increasingly aware that the numerous problems relating to our natural environment are critical on a variety of levels. Yet both traditional and contemporary decision-making tools have failed to protect us from the costs of environmental deterioration and crises. This is a situation that we can no longer afford to ignore."
This paper discusses the deforestation of the Amazon: Social and geographic background, impact on people and resources, causes and technology's effects.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, 1990, $ 47.95
From the Paper "The purpose of this paper is to discuss the deforestation of the Amazon. This discussion emphasizes the social and geographic
background, the impact of deforestation on the Amazon's people and resources, and the causes as well as some proposed solutions to the problem.
In an editorial statement, ... noted that the Amazon rain forest in Brazil contains . . . nearly one third of all the world's tropical forest--and a greater variety of plants than any other country. The Amazon has more types of fish than in all the rivers of Europe; the trees are home to more species of bird than in all the forests of North America."
Abstract This paper offers an overview of some aspects of globalization and aims to identify ways in which globalization can actually assist as opposed to hinder struggling, under-developed countries. Additionally, this paper explores some of the issues in the open debate on globalization among international organizations, governmental institutions and the academic world; in terms of the political, economical, environmental and social effects of globalization. The paper concludes with an overall evaluation of globalization.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Global Opportunity
Global Concerns
Conclusion
From the Paper "There is little doubt that globalization offers expansive opportunities for truly worldwide development but these opportunities are not advancing evenly (imf.org). Some countries are becoming integrated into the global economy more quickly than are others (imf.org). Countries that have been able to integrate are seeing expeditious growth and reduced poverty while those that have not integrated are suffering ill affects (imf.org). For example, in the 1970s and 1980s when many countries in Latin America followed inward-oriented policies, their economies stagnated or declined, poverty increased and high inflation became the norm (imf.org). As this region changed its policies toward more global ones, their situation began to improve (imf.org). Similar transformations need to be undertaken in other countries especially failing ones (imf.org). Encouraging the global trend, not reversing it, is the best and quickest course for promoting growth, development and poverty reduction (imf.org)."
Discusses the book, "A Civil Action" by Jonathan Harr which recounts the court case where a chemical and food company were charged with causing cancer in children.
Abstract Jonathan Harr's "A Civil Action" recounts the story of the action taken by attorney Jan Schlichtmann against the W. R. Grace chemical company and Beatrice Foods on behalf of families in Woburn, Massachusetts. The children of these families had contracted leukemia, the suit claimed, from the ingestion of chemicals, dumped illegally by subsidiaries of the two giant corporations, that entered the wells that supplied a portion of the town. The paper discusses the details of this case, including the claimed bias of the ruling Judge Skinner, the difficulty the jury had in reaching a decision and the role of the Environmental Protection Agency in the case.
From the Paper "Even had the case proceeded on equal terms for both parties, however, the problem of convincing a jury to make a considerable reward on the basis of an essentially "unprovable" connection between TCE and leukemia presented a major problem that carries over to many toxic waste cases. Epidemiological studies, which might provide sufficient evidence of connections to direct scientists' attention to problems, are under-utilized and poorly understood by many. Such studies constitute the bulk of the evidence in some cases, but they can be far too easily misrepresented by defendants which leaves plaintiffs such as the Woburn group at a loss for anything the courts and juries will accept as meeting a standard of proof--despite almost everyone's common-sense conviction that the cause and effect have been identified."
Abstract This paper looks at the natural phenomenon of tornadoes and provides an in-depth discussion about what causes them. It then discusses ways of warning people against tornadoes and precautions that can be taken. It finally examines tornado frequency over the years.
From the Paper ""Tornado" comes in English from a Spanish word "tornada" that means "thunderstorm". As defined by Nation Weather Service, a tornado is a "violently rotating column of air in contact with the ground and pendant from a thunderstorm". Tornadoes result when there is stuffiest amount of moisture in the atmosphere at lower and mid levels, and when this condition gets combined with warm unstable air that rises above due to a lifting force. Initially, there should be some reason to cause air to flow upwards and to contribute in the formation of a tornado. This happens due to the fact that warm air is considerably lighter in weight than cold air (Earthbulletin). The buoyant air is produced as atmosphere gets heated near the ground surface. The heated air, which is warm and light, begins to rise upward and if during this phenomenon, a thrust of cool air is met, it further instigates the upward motion of air and could possibly trigger a thunderstorm."
Abstract Wind power could be the wave of the future; however, it hasn't been utilized to even a small percentage of its full potential. In this essay, the advantages of wind power are explored, and concerns about the transition to this form of energy are addressed.
From the Paper "It is the year 2003, and Americans are in a crisis. This predicament is much greater than the obvious issues currently plaguing this country. The threat of terrorism and our economic recession might be setbacks to the nation's progress, but the United States of America's dependence on fossil fuels and nuclear power is alarming. Even when scientific advancements have been made concerning the harnessing of renewable and perpetual resources for energy, especially wind power, it is highly neglected. Although it has been used in several states, wind energy has still faced opposition and hasn?t been used to its full potential, even though it is the better bargain in the long run."
Abstract This paper examines how marketing companies have to be ever-mindful of the world in which they do business if they want to be the as effective as they can be. It looks at how examining external factors such as legal issues, economic climate, and technological abilities can provide a foundation for stronger and more effective marketing of a product or service. It attempts to show that, whether it is a domestic or a global issue, these factors must be taken into account for any marketing plan to work.
From the Paper "Another example of bait and switch tactics would be if a car dealership advertised a vehicle at a very low price, but when potential customers went to the dealership they were told the car had just been sold and then steered toward a more expensive vehicle. In addition to bait and switch examples there are many other legal liabilities that marketers must be careful of. Advertising a product as safe, when it in fact has several risk factors is another things that must be guarded against. In more recent times failing to WARN consumers about potential product problems has been construed as irresponsible as well."
Abstract This paper describes how greenhouse gases contribute to global warming. It begins by describing how greenhouse gases occur in the atmosphere. It discusses the importance of greenhouse gases and then describes what causes the harmful greenhouse effect. Finally, the paper describes the negative impact of the greenhouse effect on the Earth's environment.
From the Paper "Greenhouse gases are components of the atmosphere that contribute to the warming of the Earth. Some greenhouse gases occur naturally in the atmosphere, such as: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Human activities have increased the concentrations of these gases over time. The burning of fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas as well as other activities like deforestation, has lead to higher concentrations of Carbon dioxide. Live stock, paddy rice farming and losses of pipelines have lead to higher concentration of methane in the atmosphere. Activities, such as the use of nitrogenous fertilizers for agricultural reasons, and the burning of vegetation, have increased the nitrous oxide concentrations. The only greenhouse gas that is not directly affected by human activity is water vapor (Greenhouse gas, 2007)."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that it seems as though the US is falling deeper and deeper into a global energy crisis. The writer discusses that several possible energy alternatives exist, though additional funding is still required for the research and development of such sources of clean, renewable energy. The writer argues that, due to America's rising demands for energy, and the negative impact this demand for energy has on the environment, the United States federal government should substantially increase alternative energy incentives. The writer notes that such initiatives in changing our way of life take a substantial amount of time and resources; however, the benefits of renewable energy are incredible. Through the utilization of clean, renewable energy, the negative effects of global climate change will be reduced. The writer concludes that in an effort to preserve the healthy and well-being of the population in the future, additional funding toward the use of alternative sources of energy must be initiated.
From the Paper "This movement simply urges automobile manufacturers to improve fuel efficiency by the year 2020, while ignoring the possible crisis of a petroleum shortage. The federal government must become aware of the limited time to take action in an increasingly dominant issue, and introduce new strategies of energy production and conservation.
"Among the nationwide demand for energy, automobiles top the list, and are of great concern. Carbon emissions, produced in a large part due to the millions of cars on the road, forms the basis of the issue knows as global warming. To many, is seems evident that climate change greatly threatens the Earth's future well-being if changes are not made."
Abstract This is a discussion paper on the distribution of water in the southwestern part of the United States. There is an emphasis on how the limited amount of water makes it a commodity thereby a cause of increasing social and political tension over water distribution. There is also an emphasis on the environmental consequences of changing naturally-occurring water patterns.
A look at the different schools of thought that have offered ways to improve the environmental quality of the world, focusing on two particular theories.
1,500 words (approx. 6 pages), 2 sources, 1998, $ 49.95
From the Paper "In recent years the environment has become the focus of an ongoing and seemingly never-ending controversy; a controversy that centers itself on the human exploitation of the natural world. Although the exploitation of nature has been happening for centuries, interest in the well-being of the environment only became important when the Western world, especially Americans, realized that their rate of growth, progress, and development, while affording them a better lifestyle, was at the same time causing an unhealthy and deteriorating environment in which the much needed and used resources were-rapidly disappearing or becoming unusable. "
