From the Paper
"Geographical Information Systems is probably the most important and influential methodological development to have occurred in geography in the past two decades, helping to unify human and physical geography and allowing geographers to map space in ways more sophisticated and more complex than dreamed of before. And yet GIS is not without its critics, who argue that it glorifies technology over theory, reducing geography to a "gee whiz" level of description that - while visually engaging -- provides no substantive analysis. This paper defines GIS, looks at its limitations as well as its strengths, and seeks to predict what the future of GIS may be.

While a definition of what constitutes GIS is central to discussing its role within geography, such a definition is in fact difficult to produce since the term is used so variably by ..."

Abstract
This research reviews the water security issue in the Jordan River Valley, with a focus on the effect of this issue on the economic development of Southern Lebanon. The water security issue has developed along w

From the Paper
"WATER SECURITY IN THE JORDAN RIVER BASIN: WATER & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHERN LEBANON

This research reviews the water security issue in the Jordan River Valley, with a focus on the effect of this issue on the economic development of Southern Lebanon. The water security issue has developed along with the rise of Israeli since the creation of the modern Israeli state in 1948. Thus, this research reviews the development of the issue from this early period.

In the mid-1950s, Lebanon was a prosperous and thriving nation in the Middle East. The French Mandate had been terminated, and, following the end of the Second World War, Lebanon had become and independent democracy; albeit one with its own unique political structure, which effectively ..."

Abstract
This research reviews the literature relevant to the relationship between global warming and ocean circulation. Global warming is considered both in the context of natural warming and warming induced by human activity.

From the Paper
"GLOBAL WARMING & OCEAN CIRCULATION

This research reviews the literature relevant to the relationship between global warming and ocean circulation. Global warming is considered both in the context of natural warming and warming induced by human activity.

The circulation of the ocean normally involves the sinking of cold water in higher latitudes and the replacement of that cold water with warm water from lower latitudes (Schneider, 1989). This process "allows the inflow of warn surface currents that in turn warm the air above and held maintain relatively ice-free conditions" in the higher latitudes (Schneider, 1989, p. 47). These ocean currents cause regions such as western Europe to have moderate climates while other regions at similar latitudes, such as Siberia and northern Canada, have harsh, cold climates. The ..."

Abstract
American cities were once described as melting pots where people from different parts of the world were brought together and melded into Americans. But this picture was always marred by instances of racial discrimination showing that differences between people were strong.

From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION
American cities were once described as melting pots where people from different parts of the world were brought together and melded into Americans. But this picture was always marred by instances of racial discrimination showing that differences between people were strong. Americans might like to think that they have eliminated racial discrimination, and in fact the American people seem genuinely surprised when incidents occur showing otherwise, such as the Rodney King case in California or the Abner Louima case in New York. An examination of the issue as it has developed in Cleveland, Ohio can serve as an example of racial discrimination in America today. This analysis shows the different forms racial discrimination, the impact each has, the means taken to address each, and other information regarding the way the problem has ..."

Abstract
"Introduction: Remote Sensing and Clay (Soil Moisture Content)
Remote sensing is defined as the acquisition of information about the condition and/or state of a target by a sensor that is not in direct physical contact with it.

From the Paper
"Introduction: Remote Sensing and Clay (Soil Moisture Content)
Remote sensing is defined as the acquisition of information about the condition and/or state of a target by a sensor that is not in direct physical contact with it. This information is normally transmitted in the form of electromagnetic radiation (emr); hence it is a non-destructive, silent technology. The source of this energy may be 'active' or 'passive.'

The relationship between the 'source' signal interacting with a target and the 'received' signal being sensed provides information about the earth's surface and is used in remote sensing to characterize the surface. The information about an object is of 2 kinds: (1) it relates to the objects morphology (size, shape, and texture) from the way it is illuminated and shadowed by its relationship to the source of light and; (2) the ..."

Abstract
"The status of women in the Arab world has remained virtually unchanged for the past century. Whereas Western women benefitted from a liberation movement in the twentieth century that elevated their status in the home and society, the Arabic culture continues to encourage the oppression of women.

From the Paper
"Introduction
"The status of women in the Arab world has remained virtually unchanged for the past century. Whereas Western women benefitted from a liberation movement in the twentieth century that elevated their status in the home and society, the Arabic culture continues to encourage the oppression of women.
The law enforcement community is still very aware of its need to engage in public relations. However, in almost all ..."

From the Paper
"Christo is a representative of the post-modern era in art, bringing together several of the elements of that era, including the use of public space as art, using and commenting on technology, finding new relations between the personal and the public, and so on. Christo has crated massive works which have also captured a good deal of publicity, making him one of the better known artists of the time, though some of the publicity has been negative, as when a woman was killed by one of the umbrellas Christo had placed in a field in California.
Modernism and postmodernism are forces that have been in competition but that are also part of a flow in the same direction, a flow of artistic movement yearning toward change within a technological age. Modernism was part of an effort to create a new environment to replace the old around the turn of ..."

From the Paper
"DUMPING OF TOXIC WASTES BY U.S. COMPANIES IN THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES

This research paper discusses the extent, implications and possible solutions to the growing use by global transnational corporations (TNCs) with significant American ownership of less developed countries (LDCs) in the Third World as a dumping ground for toxic or otherwise hazardous waste products.

The preponderant part of the world's toxic waste is produced in the developed countries. Due to the stringent environmental laws in force there, much of that waste is either exported to or produced in the Third World by American-owned global TNCs under conditions which pose serious risks to the health of workers and residents of LDCs and to the world's ecosystems. Most of these exports and local production do not violate any international or ..."

Abstract
This research examines tire recycling as such recycling is performed using a cryogenic process. In the recycling of tires, the cryogenic process reduces the materials in the tires to a frozen pulverized rubber-like substance that then may be used in the production of other products.

From the Paper
TIRE RECYCLING USING A CRYOGENIC PROCESS

Introduction
This research examines tire recycling as such recycling is performed using a cryogenic process. In the recycling of tires, the cryogenic process reduces the materials in the tires to a frozen pulverized rubber-like substance that then may be used in the production of other products.

The Problem
Each year in the United States alone, more than 253 million vehicle tires are discarded. Most of these tires go to waste disposal dumps. The disposal sites typically do not possess the capacities to dispose of all of these tires. As a consequence, each year in the United States alone, more than 850 million tires are stacked or piled awaiting disposal ("Device ..."

Abstract
"The site of the city of Akhenaten, the only virtually complete ancient town to have survived from ancient Egypt, lies 160 miles south of Cairo, midway between the modern towns of Minya and Asyut (Weigall 92).

From the Paper
"The site of the city of Akhenaten, the only virtually complete ancient town to have survived from ancient Egypt, lies 160 miles south of Cairo, midway between the modern towns of Minya and Asyut (Weigall 92). It is only at el-Amarna that a comprehensive range of official and residential buildings have been preserved, comprising the essential elements of an Egyptian royal city of the mid-fourteenth century BCE. This paper will look at how urbanism theories apply to the city of Amarna.

INTRODUCTION
The city of Amarna (or "Horizon of the Sun Disk") is located on the eastern side of the Nile in Middle Egypt, half way between Cairo and Luxor. The ancient city is formed by a bay of cliffs to the east and the Nile to the west, taking the shape of an archer's bow, with the Nile as the string and the city couched ..."

Abstract
This research examines links between toxic air and lung disease. The problem is stated, sources of toxic air pollution are reviewed, and examples of the links between toxic air pollution and lung disease are considered

From the Paper
"This research examines links between toxic air and lung disease. The problem is stated, sources of toxic air pollution are reviewed, and examples of the links between toxic air pollution and lung disease are considered.

The Problem
As environmental awareness and sensitivity to the consequences of ecological degradation continue to grow within the American public, many companies in the United States are becoming aware of the need to protect themselves against increasingly stern penalties for violations of environmental laws and regulations (Bartman 21). Many companies are learning that the adoption of environmentally sensitive business strategies and ..."

Abstract
Water Supply Problems That Compel Desalination Generally.
Around the world, primarily in heavily populated zones of the temperate climes, available fresh water sources for municipal-scale, public water supplies have become overtaxed.

From the Paper
"DESALINATION OF DRINKING WATER IN FLORIDA

Water Supply Problems That Compel Desalination Generally.
Around the world, primarily in heavily populated zones of the temperate climes, available fresh water sources for municipal-scale, public water supplies have become overtaxed. Either there are shortages, net of demand, or water has been reused so many times that the remaining resource is saltier than is healthy for beasts, plants, or people. At the same time, accumulated brine and even abundant sea water remain available, even inexhaustible, if only desalting technologies can be applied feasibly. Even where fresh water is available, moreover, some commercial processes or machinery require waters of very low dissolved solids contents, such as soft-drink or medicine manufacture or industrial boilers or cooling towers. For these ..."

From the Paper
"It is generally agreed that most global warming is the result of air pollution from developed countries. Although underdeveloped countries usually create less pollution than developed countries, they suffer from the resultant global warming, which is felt worldwide. This paper will look at the effects of global warming on Third World nations.
The greenhouse effect has been around as long as mankind (Bregman, 1998). Gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere trap the sun=s heat and help warm Earth=s land and water. Without the greenhouse effect, most life on Earth would not exist as the average temperature would be -18 degrees C. The very fuels the Earth runs on, like coal and oil, have pumped 30 percent more carbon dioxide and other harmful gases into the air in the past 200 years, and that has resulted in global warming which..."

From the Paper
"Introduction
This research will examine Marc Reisner's Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water. The research will set forth the political, historical, and economic context for Reisner's examination of water-related development and usage and then discuss the strategy Reisner uses to develop his ideas about the dire consequences to the West's economic and social infrastructure of continuing to exploit and pollute its nonrenewable water resources in the same way as in the past. The combination of poor water management, overdrawing of ground water from the major western aquifers, and a more general attitude that the resource would always be available has created a crisis whose consequences have not been sufficiently understood either by policy makers or by the American population as a whole."

Abstract
This paper explains that the fossil records tell us that, through out the geological history of earth, mass extinctions have been the norm rather than the exception. This paper states that a better understanding of the role extinction plays in evolution is essential. The author concludes that human beings are uniquely adaptable; they invent procedures as medicine that give them extended control over their environments.

From the Paper
"Of course, the most famous extinction event is that of the dinosaurs, about 65 million years ago. Such events appear in the fossil record as far back as Precambrian time when it is believed that life first began. Ideas of mass extinction has been an issue of controversy between many geologists towards the idea that it is related to intermittent catastrophes such as the striking of the earth's surface by a large asteroid or comet. Many paleontologists and evolutionary theorists reject such ideas and believe them to be unjustified."

Tags: fossil, geological, earth, human, medicine, asteroid, regional, periods, fauna, paleontologists