Abstract As the space shuttle Columbia began its re-entry into Earth's atmosphere on February 1, 2003, it began to break up. While the exact cause of the shuttle break up is still being investigated, there are many theories being considered, many of which have to do with heating tiles under the shuttle. The paper examines the process of an air-shuttle's re-entry into the atmosphere and shows where things could have gone wrong with Columbia.
From the Paper "In the final stage, the shuttle approaches the upper atmosphere and enters the ionization blackout. In the ionization blackout, hot ionized gases of the atmosphere surround the shuttle. This prevents radio communication with mission control for the about twelve minutes. At this point the shuttle is traveling at 17,000 mph. As the shuttle collides with air molecules, friction is generated which leads to surface temperatures of around 3000 F. The steep angle of re-entry ensures that most of the aerodynamic heating is directed towards the underside of the shuttle where the heat resistant tiles offer the greatest amount of protection. As the atmosphere thickens, the shuttle's thrusters are eventually switched off, at which point the shuttle's aerodynamic flight features kick in, and it can be flown like an airplane."
This paper discusses the design-build method of construction whereby a single company is in charge from the projects inception to its completion including planning, design and construction.
Abstract This paper, in addition to explaining the design-build method, presents an overview of the history of construction and some of the traditional methods used for bidding on construction projects. The design-build method is ideal for parking garages, hospitals, banks, shopping malls or any other repetitive structural buildings because these types of structures are not architecturally driven and rely on predictable components. The author believes that most developers do not understand or appreciate the full range of benefits that design-build offers them.
From the Paper "Since developers often choose design-build for accelerated project schedules, contractors need a way to ensure they will have enough skilled workers when they are needed and that they can attract them within the budget that has been established. Design-build project delivery greatly improves constructability and overall worker satisfaction. Many design-builders consult extensively with their subcontractors during the proposal stages and those firms have great sway on how their part of the project will be designed and built. Some union officials see problems with design-build project delivery because they think that this method simply adds one more layer of project management to the process and actually is slower than the design-bid-build delivery method. ?We are at the mercy of the construction manager much more often than before because of design-build,? says Rob Trenkle, director of the construction department of the Laborers International Union of North America. ?When a general contractor is in control of the whole job, there is less confusion and less steps you have to go through.? "
Abstract Value engineering is viewed in many industries as an excellent strategy for reducing costs, increasing reliability and improving quality. It can be implemented in hardware and software; development, production and manufacturing; specifications, standards, contract requirements and other acquisition program documentation; facilities design and construction. Value engineering is a technique directed toward analyzing the functions of a project or product to determine "best value," or the best relationship between reliability and cost. In other words, "best value" is represented by a project or process that consistently performs its required basic function and has the lowest cost. In this context, the application of value engineering in a construction project can yield a better value when construction is approached in a manner that incorporates environmentally sound and energy-efficient practices and materials. This paper discusses the important relationship between reliability and value engineering, in an effort to explain how the two work harmoniously to improve projects or products. The paper includes a table.
From the Paper "Many engineers are resentful of value engineering because they believe it often does the opposite of what it is intended to do, which is cut costs while improving reliability and value. Some say that many companies introduce value engineering solely to cut costs, rather than implementing it professionally and mainly for engineering purposes."
Abstract The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether or not an ergonomically designed office or workstation will reduce the number of work related injury time off and thereby increase productivity in such work places. The study is geared to determine how much of an impact ergonomically designed work stations have on the bottom line through the measurement of productivity. The writer believes that the study can also be used as a tool for future decision making needs. Ergonomics has been a popular buzzword in recent years and this study determines that bottom line value of ergonomic design in the workplace.
From the Paper "Recently there has been an explosion of ergonomic designing of workstations for the purpose of providing a more conducive and productive work environment. The buzzwords are all around including ergonomic, RTS, carpal tunnel and others. These words go along with the general idea that it is important to design workstations ergonomically for the most positive impact on the workers as well as the bottom line. The need for the ergonomically designed workstation has provided opportunities for profits in the way of ergonomic furniture."
Abstract If there were a feminist novel, "Breath, Eyes, Memory" would truly be it. We see the troubled reality of oppression through the eyes of the character of Sophie, who makes us too well aware of the horrible crimes committed against women in Haitian society, crimes that have their legacy in the social construction of values that colonialism produced. At the same time, she is speaking up for women and clearly showing that they deserve a much better and fairer life.
Abstract This paper explains the technical aspects and managerial issues of the Challenger disaster. The author states that behavioral issues don't apply, but rather NASA proved to be seriously deficient in their organizational theory.
Abstract This looks at the comparisons of the carburettor and the fuel injected system. The paper discusses the brief process of how the carburettor works and the process involved in mixing the fuel with the air. Furthermore the paper looks at the processes of the fuel injected system and the ECU along with how that affects the performance of an engine.
Abstract This paper analyzes the Cummings Company. The paper describes the nature of the organization, including the purpose of its existence and how the organization is presently managing technology, in terms of technology change, competition, to gain a competitive advantage.
Abstract This paper evaluates the findings in professional journals about communication devices, which will aid the autistic child in the classroom and in life.
Abstract This paper outlines the history of the battleship U.S.S. New Jersey. U.S.S. New Jersey (BB-62) is one of the four battleships of the Iowa class, the largest, fastest, most powerful and last battleships the U.S. ever built and among the biggest battleships ever.
Abstract This paper discusses civil engineering technology. It talks specifically about the majors, degrees and the job opportunities available to graduates. It gives job descriptions, salaries and an overall outlook of the nature of work.
Abstract This paper is an examination of the education and career options available for the civil engineering student. It identifies the six general categories of civil engineering study and practice. It includes salary and job outlook information for graduates of two-year and four-year programs.
Abstract This paper examines how the Snowy Mountains hydro-electric scheme was Australia's largest engineering project ever and how it took 25 years to build with strong multi-cultural work force that included thirty different countries, some being European immigrants made homeless by the Second World War. Its purpose was to divert the largely untapped waters of the Snowy and Tumit into the Murrumbidgee River.
Outline
Introduction
What was the Lead Up to the Snowy Hydroelectric Scheme?
Why Can the Snowy Mountain Hydroelectric Scheme be Considered Such a Success?
From the Paper "For many years during the dry farmers looked up to the snow capped mountains and watched much of the Snowy and other rivers flow, unexploited into the oceans but it was not until 1944 that the idea of a irrigation/power scheme was viably put forward. Later on in 1947 the Commonwealth, New South Wales and Victorian Governments formed a technical committee to explore viable uses for the Snowy River. In 1949 the Snowy Mountains Hydro-electric Power Act formed a Snowy Mountains Authority, which was put in charge of the daunting task of designing, building and running a duel Power and Irrigation project."
Abstract This paper begins with an introduction stating why fire prevention is necessary. It then discusses the different classes of fires and provides information on the source of combustion and ignition of each class of fire. Next, the paper describes the common causes of fires in the oil industry and provides facts and statistics that support these claims. The paper also takes a closer look at electrical problems, malfunctions, and lightning strikes that cause fires. Training programs, types of fire alarms, and extinguishing methods are also discussed. The paper concludes with recommendations on fire prevention.
Causes Of Fires In Industry
Training Program
Fire-Alarm System
Automatic Sprinklers
Portable Fire Extinguishers
Conclusions
Recommendations
From the Paper "Fire protection in the gas and oil industry is extremely important. However, at the economic level, fire protection costs money to design, install and maintain. In business it is an overhead expense that does not produce income. Money for fire protection is often hard to come by and money for maintenance is often one of the first areas where costs are cut. Companies seem to be willing to take a positive chance that fire will not strike, rather than take a positive step to provide fire protection and control. If companies are frugal to spend money on fire protection, they should consider the best fire protection that is needed for their company. Fire protection is usually provided for different reasons. The first is that fire protection is required by local codes. Local codes are considered the minimum requirements that a company must provide to protect the surrounding community (Ignall, 1975, p.89). However, even though the building must comply with local legislative requirements, such compliance does not mean that the facility is fire safe or that production can be resumed after a fire occurs. Generally the local codes only protect the community from the plant, and if a fire does occur and does not kill or harm anyone or spread to other properties, the code has considered being able to do its job."
Tags: extinguisher, fire, oil, prevention, sprinkler, system
