Abstract This research examines ring-laser gyroscopes and their applications. The findings of this research are presented in discussions of (1) the history and development of the ring-laser gyroscope, (2) applications of ring-laser gyroscop
From the Paper "RING-LASER GYROSCOPE: HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT, APPLICATIONS, AND FUTURE
Introduction
This research examines ring-laser gyroscopes and their applications. The findings of this research are presented in discussions of (1) the history and development of the ring-laser gyroscope, (2) applications of ring-laser gyroscope technology, and (3) the future of the ring-laser gyroscope.
History and Development
The ring-laser gyroscope is based on the following characteristics of light: "When two contrarotating beams of light are subject to an angular rotation in their planes, that motion causes one of the beams to transit a slightly greater path length than the other. This creates a shift in the..."
Abstract "In 1849 Walter Hunt of New York City patented the safety pin. He constructed it from a piece of brass wire about eight inches long, coiled at the center and shielded at one end.
From the Paper "In 1849 Walter Hunt of New York City patented the safety pin. He constructed it from a piece of brass wire about eight inches long, coiled at the center and shielded at one end. Reportedly Mr. Hunt invented the safety pin in order to pay off a $15 debt. Later, Mr. Hunt sold the patent for his device for $400 (Those were the days, 1998)."
Description
The safety pin is a clever combination of a locking device coupled with a torsion spring to provide potential energy, ensuring a close fit. This unique performance makes this spring a very..."
Abstract In 1953, President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave a speech called "Atoms for Peace" before the United Nations General Assembly. The events leading up to the speech included the testing of an atomic bomb in England and the United States testing of a hydrogen bomb, both events in 1952.
From the Paper "HISTORY AND FUNCTIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
Early History
In 1953, President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave a speech called "Atoms for Peace" before the United Nations General Assembly. The events leading up to the speech included the testing of an atomic bomb in England and the United States testing of a hydrogen bomb, both events in 1952. President Eisenhower's speech called for "the governments principally involved" (naming the USA and Soviet Union) to make joint contributions from their stockpiles of normal uranium and fissionable materials to an international atomic energy agency set up under the UN. Part of that speech is included here ..."
Discusses role in facilities planning for production organizations. Focuses on revenue generation, cost control, user requirements, plant maintenance, legalities, risks and changing industrial environment.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 14 sources, 1989, $ 55.95
From the Paper " This paper presents a discussion of the role of the facilities engineer in facilities planning for production organizations. Manufacturing productivity has been a serious problem in the United States since the mid-1960s. Although some improvements in productivity have been recorded in the mid-to-late-1980's, the country's significant international trade deficit illustrates the continuing need for greater improvement.
One of the factors underlying the productivity problem is the set of economic interactions wrought by the American economy from industrial to post-industrial (Bowles, Gordon, & Weiskopf, 1984, p. 41). The change from industrial to post-industrial, however, will not eliminate production organizations from the (...)"
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine the human factor in aviation and the degree to which pilot error is the cause of airplane accidents. This will require a brief discussion of the available facts and statistics on air travel as well as a review of the reasons why this happens, even among seasoned pilots, and why the numbers are growing.
The modern airliner is a marvel of technology, as safe as man can make it. The statistics convincingly point to the safety of flying over other means of transportation. "In 1978, U.S. airlines completed 99.99991 percent of their flights without a fatality (Norris 11). In 1979 around 800 million passengers travelled by air around the world, and only 1,267 of them (plus 149 crew members) were killed, making the odds about 565.000 to 1 (Norris 11). These figures have remained relatively constant, (...)"
From the Paper "Glass blocks are non-loadbearing masonry units which are made by molding two sections of glass and bonding them together. The interior of the block is hermetically sealed in order to prevent condensation. Most such blocks allow light to pass through, but they are often designed to distort the view to ensure privacy. Some blocks, however, are relatively transparent, and special blocks have been designed to direct light upward or downward for certain building requirements. Bulletproof blocks have also been developed.
The recommended sizes for glass blocks, always square, are 6 inches, 8 inches, and 12 inches, each with a recommended 1/4-inch mortar joint. Round-ended blocks are also available to cap the sides or tops of block walls. Other sizes and shapes are also available. The mortar-bearing surfaces of the glass blocks have ... "
From the Paper "Although efforts have been made to find alternative fuel sources, at this time the United States continues to be dependent upon oil for the majority of its energy needs. Unfortunately, the nation does not produce enough oil domestically to meet this need. Therefore, the U.S. must import foreign oil from unstable regions of the world such as the Persian Gulf. Studies indicate that the United States imports half of the 6 billion barrels that it needs each year, at an annual rate of approximately $42 billion. It has been noted that as much as 50 percent of the nation's current trade deficit is due to this large-scale importation of oil. Because of this situation, it has been argued that the United States should make a greater effort to exploit domestic oil resources. Although there are many onshore sites for oil, the ... "
From the Paper "Research Proposal: The Relative Effectiveness of the Combined Use of Air Bags and Seat Belts in Enhancing Automobile Driver and Passenger Safety
The Problem and Its Setting
The Statement of the Problem
This research proposes to evaluate the factors that may affect relative effectiveness (compared to other forms of passive restraint) of the combined use of air bags and seat belts in enhancing automobile driver and passenger safety.
The Subproblems
The first subproblem. The first subproblem is to determine the effect, if any, that the size of the automobile (subcompact, compact, and so forth) has on the relative effectiveness of the combined use of air bags and seat belts in enhancing automobile drive..."
Concrete is a stonelike material obtained by allowing a carefully proportioned mixture of cement, sand, gravel (or some other aggregate), and water to harden (Winter & Nilson, 1972, p. 1). The bulk of concrete consists of the fine and coarse aggregates (p. 1). The cement and water interact chemically to bind them together (p. 1). One mode in which the substance finds common usage is as precast prestressed concrete. This building material can be employed in the construction of a variety of different structures.
In general, during the mixing of concrete, more water is added than is necessary for the binding reaction to occur (Winter & Nilson, 1972, p. 1). This extra water gives the concrete an initially liquid character (p. 1). In liquid form, concrete can..."
Abstract This paper investigate fire fatalities, caused by faulty structural trusses. It describes specific fires in which burning buildings crumbled onto firefighters and its inhabitants. The paper examines new techniques and equipment used to fight fire in buildings with trusses and it advises on evacuating all rescue personnel from a truss structured building once the roof ignites.
Table of Contents:
The Risks of Trusses in Fire Cases
Fire Suppression Under Trusses Structures
Possible Attempts for Under-Trusses Firefighting
Bibliography
From the Paper "Structures often play the important role when a building is on fire. Upon many reviews, there are a lot of fires claiming for lives of the inhabitants of the building, but there are also some cases, which had taken the firefighters? lives as well. Such cases should not have happened, but limited information of the building's structures and length of fire could have caused it.
Chesapeake automobile warehouse happened to be a fatal case of fire (NFPA, 2002). The 12-year old building was constructed under lightweight wood trusses. There were two steel frames and another brick construction located at the building. The trusses were built using the combination of wood and metal plates that joined them altogether."
Abstract This paper introduces QOA and follows with describing its function. It then details the differences between ATM and MPLS, the values of MPLS QOS and ATM QOS, traffic engineering, congestion problems and levels of hierarchy. The conclusion compares two solutions for QOS: an ATM switch and an IP router and touts ATM as the preferred solution. The paper finishes by holding that MPLS QOS could replace ATM QOS, but that is not likely to happen in the near future.
From the Paper "Simply put, multi-label switching (MPLS) brings the traffic engineering capabilities of asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) to packet-based network by tagging IP packets with "labels" that specify a route and priority (Flannaghan, 2001). MPLS unites the scalability and flexibility of routing with the performance and traffic management of layer 2 switching. MPLS can run over nearly any transport medium, including ATM and Ethernet, rather than being tied to a specific layer-2 encapsulation. Because it uses Internet protocol (IP) for addressing, it uses common routing and signaling protocols.
MPLS was not designed to replace ATM but rather to compliment it. MPLS eases complexity by mapping IP addressing and routing information directly into ATM switching tables. The MPLS label-swapping paradigm employs the same mechanism that ATM switches use to forward ATM cells. In the case of ATM-LSR, the ATM forwarding component performs the label swapping function. Label information is carried in the ATM Header.
MPLS has the ability to run over routers in addition to ATM switches, while providing the control component for IP on both the ATM switches and routers. For ATM switches PNNI, ATM ARP Server, and NHRP Server are replaced with MPLS for IP services yet the ATM control plane remains preserved (Zheng, 2001). PNNI is still used on ATM switches to provide ATM services. Therefore, an IP+ATM switch delivers both ATM for fast switching and IP protocols for IP services in a single switch.
In the past, at a specific performance level, the price of a router was usually higher than the equivalent ATM switch. With IP+ATM LSRs, the forwarding performance is determined by the capabilities of the ATM switches, whereas the functionality is comparable to a router. Moreover, IP+ATM switches may also have similar price and performance characteristics to ATM switches."
Abstract This paper presents the controversy concerning the safety and long-term health effects of irradiated foods. The paper argues in favor of irradiation by pointing out that it has been used for many years without problems and that many respectable studies have shown that it is not harmful. The author also presents arguments from studies using laboratory animals that there is evidence about carcinogens, chromosomal, genetic hazards and the loss of vitamins and nutrients.
From the Paper "Supporters of irradiated food cited the fact that this treatment has been endorsed by "such diverse entities as the World Health Organization, the United Nations, the U.S. Public Health Service and the American Medical Association". Moreover, hospitals and nursing homes have fed irradiated food to burn victims and chemotherapy patients for years due to the fact such ?immunologically comprised people are particularly prone to infections from bacteria that irradiation destroys".
Astronauts have been eating irradiated food since 1972."
Abstract Discusses the manufacturing and marketing, full-service firm specializing in hydraulic equipment. Examines the expertise and resources a JCB retail dealer needs. Shortage of trained and skilled technicians. Issue of ongoing profitability. Markets. Impact of the retail market and rental chains. Customer service. Importance of communication skills and a proactive sales force.
From the Paper "Managing for the Future at JCB
JCB, a company created over 50 years ago by Joseph Cyril Bamford, is a manufacturing and marketing firm that specializes in the development and production of hydraulic excavators, materials handlers, wheel loaders, mini-excavators, skid steer and high speed agricultural tractors (About us, 2001). In addition to sales of new and used equipment, JCB also offers its customers service via its franchised and company-owned dealerships, parts replacement, a range of attachments, and financing via leasing, lease purchases with or without options, installment sales contracts, and rentals (The best back-up…, 2001). In brief, JCB is a full service firm with a carefully defined and expanding niche market for state-of-the-art hydraulic equipment."
Abstract According to the U.S. Department of Energy, needless expenditure on energy costs amounts to more than $20 billion a year. This paper shows how the use of electrochromic windows can greatly reduce the waste, thus saving vast amounts of energy and money. The writer gives details about the process of manufacturing and installing the windows and proofs as to their efficiency.
From the Paper "Electrochromic windows for energy and glare control have been under development for over two decades at various laboratories around the world. The critical issues relating to the performance and cost of electrochromic windows have impeded commercialization. Indubitably it is the need for windows to withstand the rigors of time and the environment while providing energy and glare control. Related to this is a demand great enough to create the economies of scale which will enable an affordable product [1]."
Abstract The paper looks at several sources, including first-hand accounts of survivors, to discover what were the events that led to the rescue of some passengers when the majority did not survive the sinking ship. The writer brings in several theories from the rescue of women and children only to the inability of non-English speakers to understand the full scope of the impending tragedy.
From the Paper "On 10 April 1912, the American-owned British-operated White Star liner Titanic departed from the Irish port of Queenstown on her maiden voyage. She carried approximately 2,228 passengers and crew, including 1,697 men (12 years of age and older) and 528 women and children (Geller 8). Four days later, on April 14, 1912, the Titanic sank two hours and 40 minutes after striking an iceberg in the North Atlantic (Geller 8). Titanic was built in a period of history called the Edwardian Era in Britain, La Belle Epoque in France and the Gilded Age in America (Geller 13). The period was characterized by the Industrial Revolution, which helped fuel a change in the traditional society."
