Abstract This paper takes a look at the influence that electronics have had on the development of the diesel engine. According to this paper, it is the development and efficiency of the electronic diesel engine that has helped the diesel engine remain popular.
From the Paper "The history of the electronic diesel engine is really the history of the development of the diesel engine as engineers and scientists have continued to push the late 19th century invention towards higher efficiency and reduced emissions. The electronic element of the diesel is a relatively recent addition of late 20th century technology that permits diesel engines to operate more efficiently under a wider range of environmental conditions. This has helped the diesel engine remain in use despite popular opinion that it is an outdated variation of the internal combustion engine. In fact, electronic diesel engines have become so efficient that many have begun once more to consider the electronic diesel engine as an "alternative" technology for the future of transportation (Doherty 47). To understand the history of the electronic diesel engine, we must travel back to the beginning of the diesel engine itself."
Abstract This paper discusses nanotechnology, which combines the two fields of engineering and medicine. The paper discusses the enormous promise that nanotechnology offers and also the possible peril for medical science. The paper focuses on the benefits of this technology to understanding the human body while simultaneously saving humans the burden of invasive surgery.
From the Paper "There can be little question that science is evolving on an almost daily basis. With this in mind, it is perhaps not surprising to see nanotechnology emerge as a prominent new discipline in the early years of the twentieth century. The following paper will examine why it is that many observers feel nanotechnology will eventually supplant contemporary medical practice. In particular, the paper will describe in brief what nanotechnology is and how nanotechnology has, and will continue to, bring the engineering and medical disciplines closer together."
Abstract The paper reviews the rehabilitation of bridges. The paper begins by examining what bridges are from a structural and engineering standpoint, as well as how they may be evaluated and inspected. The paper then proceeds to examine what techniques can be implemented to rehabilitate bridges. The modernization of bridges is also discussed. The paper provides an overview of how bridges can be protected and society's financial and commercial investment in them well-rewarded.
From the Paper "The succeeding paper will review the rehabilitation of bridges by examining what bridges are from a structural and engineering standpoint as well as how they may be evaluated and inspected. The paper will then proceed to examine what techniques can be implemented to "rehabilitate" bridges as well as how the modernization of bridges can be permitted to unfold. This is a fairly complex topic and it is not possible to do it justice inside of twenty pages. Nonetheless, this paper will provide an overview of how bridges can be protected and society's financial and commercial investment in them well-rewarded."
Abstract The paper first of all reviews what a turbocharger is and how it works. Following this various design considerations which often come into play when these contraptions are put together and or introduced to a vehicle for the first time are examined. The paper then proceeds to outline common ailments which can befall turbochargers as well as the maintenance practices which allows these products to be both long lasting and high performing.
From the Paper "When people talk about race cars, the topic of turbochargers usually comes up. In fact, when people talk about automotive technology more generally, turbochargers are often a source of fascination for aspiring engineers or simply for people who want to know the "ins and outs" of their favorite roadster. As it stands presently, turbochargers are used for large diesel engines as well as for gas engines. They are able to increase the horsepower of an engine without increasing its weight and that factor, perhaps more so than any other, explains why the turbocharger enjoys such an enduring popularity."
Abstract This paper contends that America's claim to greatness in the latter half of the nineteenth century and certainly in the twentieth century was predicated upon its industrial might. It explains that in the nearly one hundred years from America's first emergence as a nation of pre-eminent industrial and manufacturing might until the arrival and proliferation of software and microchip technology in the last third of the twentieth century, no other building material summed up America quite like steel.
From the Paper "It has often been said that America's claim to greatness in the latter half of the nineteenth century and certainly in the twentieth century was predicated upon its industrial might. In the nearly one hundred years from America's first emergence as a nation of pre-eminent industrial and manufacturing might until the arrival and proliferation of software and microchip technology in the last third of the twentieth century, no other building material summed up America quite like steel. The following paper will briefly examine the gold age of steel from roughly 1870 until circa the beginning of the Second World War. The paper will discuss the origins of this age, some of its salient features and its ultimate impact. The paper will then discuss the coming of a new golden age for a new building material - DNA."
Abstract In this article, the writer uses planning and management software to detail a plan to construct a raised, rectangular pond for a backyard area for aquatic plant life. The writer uses a process to account for and coordinate the elements of cost, schedule and technical objectives. The writer points out that cost and schedule are flexible within reasonable parameters and are to be determined on the basis of technical objectives.
From the Paper "The pond will be raised because the area has a low groundwater level, and the walls of the raised portion will protect the system. A combination of concrete blocks and a flexible liner will be used for ease of installation and reduced costs. Also, there is no room on site for a truck to park to pour cement for a different type of construction. This sort of system can be installed by one or two persons and does not require a professional installation, which again reduces costs. The entire system can be put together from pre-made units with clear instructions for installation."
Abstract This paper discusses the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant accident, the most serious nuclear power plant accident in North America. The paper explains that, although there were no direct casualties, the Three Mile Island accident brought about great public opposition to nuclear power and the tragedy at Chernobyl that took place several years later increased this opposition. The paper further points out that, although the Three Mile Island accident took place over 25 years ago, the full impact is still unknown and contradictory data on the impacts on human health exists.
From the Paper "Three Mile Island Nuclear power has several advantages over fossil fuel. It does not contribute to the greenhouse effect and produces less atmospheric pollution. Unlike fossil fuels we are unlikely to run out of uranium for a while thus using nuclear energy means less reliance on foreign oil. Nuclear power plants do however generate nuclear waste, disposal of which is of great concern as high-level radioactive waste is highly toxic and "by 1995 about 28 000 tons of spent fuel were stored in the United States" (Henderson, 2000). According to some studies, nuclear power is also the cheapest source of energy. It is worth noting that..."
Abstract This paper discusses the concept of the strength of materials in the field of engineering, focusing on the materials used and how they function within a structure. The paper explains that the way the materials function will determine the overall strength of the structure and this knowledge is significant to welding engineers because it determines the processes necessary to create structural strength and the durability of the project over time. The paper also discusses factors that affect the structural strength such as the stress placed on the components of the structure and elements that force the material to change over time.
Abstract In order to demonstrate the need for process overhaul within closed systems, this paper discusses controlled process overhaul within the context of maintaining a nano-reef aquarium. Process overhauls can be systematic or intermittent, depending upon need, but the intended result of any process overhaul is improving the performance of the system or a subset that is dependent on the system.
From the Paper "Process assessment and overhaul are instrumental in maintaining systems (Schonberger & Knod, 2001). Indeed, the more specific the system, the greater the need for controlled forms of overhaul. Controlled overhaul differs dramatically from uncontrolled overhaul in that it selectively determines specific aspects of the process that are not functioning appropriately and works to change their functionality through overhaul. Process overhauls can be systematic or intermittent, depending upon need, but the intended result of any process overhaul is improving the performance of the system or a subset that is dependent on the system."
Abstract This paper discusses Robert Moses, the man understood to be a titan in the field of urban planning. This paper describes Moses, saying that his preeminence in his field is such that serious scholars can mention his name in the same sentence as not only Paris's Baron Haussmann, but also Louis XIV, Peter the Great, and Soviet dictator Stalin. Moses is said to have shaped the city of New York.
Abstract This natural science paper is comprised of three parts. The first part of the paper sets up the basic premise of a dramatic dialogue between Edison and Einstein. The second part is a dramatic dialogue between Edison and Einstein. The final part of the paper is an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper "Thomas Edison (1847-1931) was one of the most prolific and important inventors in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th Century. As a scientist Edison was more interested in designing products that would be useful for the average person. This means that Edison is a believer in technology and does not put a lot of stock in theory. As an inventor Edison is also a business man. "
Abstract This paper discusses success of a project as very much dependant on the accurate, unambiguous and a well-developed requirements specification. The paper goes on to describe requirements engineering's role in assisting the software developer to grasp requirements within software development without room for any ambiguity.
From the Paper "Sometimes prototyping is also used as an important requirements elicitation tool. This is more so in cases where the requirements are ambiguous, making the feedback from users as an important input before proceeding with the actual project development and implementation. Prototypes, typically, have only a portion of the functionality of the system. However, they are very effective in uncovering hidden user requirements. Experts opine that prototyping, being a model of the proposed system, eliminates the problems with the 'Yes but' syndrome as it clearly shows the user what the developed system would do for them. Prototypes are "a partial implementation of a software system, built to help developers, users, and customers better understand the requirements of the system" [Leffingwell, 149]"
Abstract This paper examines the assumption that the gene revolution--represented by the integration of genetic engineering techniques into the field of agriculture--is capable of positively affecting the current human population crisis. The study examines this very ideological assumption that has not largely been challenged in the popular or critical literature on the subject. It then attacks that assumption and illustrates its erroneous base.
Table of Contents:
Chapter One: Introduction and Statement of Problem
1.1 Statement of Problem
1.2 Purpose of the Study
1.3 Importance of the Study
1.4 Scope of the Study
1.5 Rationale of the Study
1.6 Definition of Terms
1.7 Overview of the Study
Chapter Two: Literature Review
2.1 Scope of the Literature Review
2.2 Intensification of Production is Favourable
2.3 Intensification of Production is Unfavourable
Chapter Three: Methodology
3.1 Approach
3.2 Data Gathering Method
3.3 Database of Study
3.4 Validity of Study
3.5 Originality and Limitations
Chapter Four: Data Analysis
Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
From the Paper "In order to fully examine that relationship, it was necessary to critically examine literature, statistics, and historical examples that might shed some light on the relationship that exist between food production and population growth. Additionally, studies were consulted that spoke to the capacity for genetically modified foods to increase agricultural production. In all, the range of information required for this study was significant and at times may have appeared to stray beyond the limited scope of genetically modified food. However, in order to demonstrate the manner by which genetically modified food would have its greatest negative impact upon human societies, it was essential to take a broader look at the role that genetically modified foods have played in the intense push to intensify agricultural production year after year in order to presumably keep up with geometric population growth by always generating more food than is needed."
Abstract This paper looks at gene expression profiling which is defined as a basic research method that effectively measures messenger RNA that has been made up of many different genes belonging to many different cell types. It discusses how this technology is being widely accepted and used as a diagnostic test to help the technician to easily identify the various subgroups of tumor types and to help predict which patients would better respond to treatment, and also which patients may be at an increased risk of a relapse of cancer.
From the Paper "Any cells, within an organism, like for example, within a human being, works especially in order to increase the basic functioning and efficiency of that organism. For example, Nerve cells, or in other words, neurons, are capable of expressing neuron specific proteins, and this would allow it to perform neuron duties more efficiently. Similarly, skin or epithelial cells have their very own and specific proteins, and this enables them to work better. It must be noted that both neurons as well as epithelial cells possess the genes-encoding for neural and epithelial-specific proteins, and this makes sure of their effective and efficient and protective functioning. However, each cell can only express that particular gene that it may require, and not any other tissue specific genes. What this may be taken to mean is that a given DNA sequence can only provide specific information about what 'could be', and not what actually 'is'."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the importance of predictive maintenance, otherwise known as condition monitoring, on HVAC systems. The paper focuses on chillers and cooling water circulation pumps and motors. The paper discusses how in the past, conventional maintenance approaches frequently resulted in equipment downtime as the result of faulty preventative maintenance systems; equipment would experience repeated failures due to over-capacity or design flaws that were not identified prior to being placed into operation.
Outline:
Background and Overview
Predictive Maintenance (Condition Monitoring) of HVAC Systems
Chillers and Cooling Water Circulation Pumps and Motors
Summary
From the Paper "The need to identify better maintenance techniques is also congruent with the observation by Frendedall and his colleagues that, "Over the past decade there has been increased recognition that in a world class organization, maintenance is not a separate, isolated function that makes repairs and performs assorted activities as needed. Rather, maintenance is a full partner striving together with the other functions to achieve the firm's strategic goals." In the past, conventional maintenance approaches frequently resulted in equipment downtime as the result of faulty preventative maintenance systems; equipment would experience repeated failures due to over-capacity or design flaws that were not identified prior to being placed into operation. According to Thatcher, "In each case, the fix is a relatively simple one. Once discovered, however, the cost to replace or repair it can have a major impact on the organization's ability to continue to produce." The reference to "strategic" is a common theme in the scholarly literature concerning appropriate predictive maintenance regimens, and these issues are discussed further below."
