Abstract This paper explains that SUVs have become the fastest selling new vehicles in the U.S.. The author points out the popularity of the vehicle as a safe vehicle and as a status symbol. The paper addresses safety and environmental concerns about SUVs that continue to cause arguments on both sides.
From the Paper "SUVs have become the fastest selling new vehicles in the U.S. in recent years. The reason seems to be status for those who can afford them as well as the feeling that bigger cars with thicker frames are safer."
Tags: SUV safety, eenvironment, gas guzzlers, status symbols
Abstract This paper identifies the difficulties faced in developing a new generation of high-efficiency grinding technologies. This paper points out solutions for a step change to realize higher productivity, better product quality and economic efficiency.
From the Paper "Grinding is one of the most commonly used machining processes in industry and is considered a precision machining process because of its good size and form accuracy. Grinding competes with other machining processes such as ..."
Abstract This paper discusses different surface modifications, which improve their osseointegration. The author points out methods of applying coatings. The paper explores cell proliferation on these implant surface and what affects the process.
From the Paper "It was not until materials became available that promoted an osseointegrated or bio-integrated interface and surgical techniques were developed to reliably obtain such interfaces that endosseous implants became a viable treatment option for tooth replacement. Commercially-pure titanium is actually an alloy containing wt percent titanium and small amounts wt ... percent to wt .. percent of oxygen with trace amounts less than percent of iron carbon nitrogen and hydrogen. The amount of oxygen determines the grade of the alloy Increasing amounts of oxygen increase the
Abstract This paper examines external factors that can cause problems in construction projects.
From the Paper "Construction projects are often used to describe the project management process because of the many interrelated tasks that must be accomplished in order for the project to be completed on time and within budget. Construction projects are also used to demonstrate risk management and risk aversion principles because of the many external factors that can have a detrimental effect on the project. If a task is not accomplished early in the process it can put the entire project offtrack and may cause ..."
Abstract In this article the writer discusses the air disaster involving Japan Airlines Flight 123, which crashed in 1985. The writer examines details of the Boeing flight, including intended flight path and plane information. Further, the writer provides a detailed analysis of the causes of the crash. In this paper, the findings of various federal organizations are also included.
From the Paper "The last minutes of Japan Airlines Flight 123 from Tokyo have been the subject of intense debate since the Boeing crashed on August 1985. It remains to date the worst single plane air crash in history. Twelve minutes into a domestic run from Haneda Airport Tokyo to Osaka Flight 123 experienced every pilot and passenger's nightmare: a total loss of hydraulic pressure, as well as tail control, surfaces which rendered the piloting controls useless. The plane was out of control ... "
Abstract Hurricane Katrina touched land near New Orleans, Louisiana on August 29, 2005 and its storm surge ripped the levees built to protect New Orleans from Lake Pontchartrain. With hundreds dead and damage along the coastal regions of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama costing more than $200 billion, Katrina is considered the most destructive and costliest tropical cyclone to hit the United States. This paper examines literature relating to Hurricane Katrina. Among the texts explored are: J. Galle's "Vulnerable Cities" (2005), "New Orleans' Levees Not Built for Worst Case Events" by B. Handwerk (2005) and "New Orleans: Nature's Revenge" by A. Blenford (2005).
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Review of Literature
Methods
Findings
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper "Delta soils by nature compact and sink in time, giving way to open water, except when fresh layers of sediments are placed to offset them. The Mississippi spring floods previously retained that balance, but yearly deluges were often destructive. The strong flood 1927 erased the levees, lined with concrete and funneled marsh-building sediments to the deep waters of the Gulf. Engineers also severed more than 8,000 miles of canals through the marsh for petroleum exploration and ship traffic (Bourne 2005). These new ditches increased the incidence of erosion and allowed huge and lethal amounts of salt water to penetrate and infiltrate brackish and freshwater marshes."
Abstract This paper explains that what is called "genetic engineering" has been accomplished for centuries via cross-breeding; however, the risk with GE is that genes can be combined in ways never before possible and with possibly unpredictable results. The author points out that (1) GE often benefits society by producing new materials, (2) plants can be produced that grow more vigorously, produce more food and are more resistant to insects and other crop-reducing problems and, (3) possibly the most compelling one, is that we can benefit medically from its use. The paper reports that the fundamental principle of the ethical standards for GE is that the likely benefits must outweigh the likely risks.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
Annotated Bibliography
From the Paper "Other concerns involve the role genes play in who we are. While some believe that all of human health, illness and even behavior are driven by genes, others recognize that the external environment in which the human resides affects gene actions, including whether they switch on or switch off certain proteins. Those actions affect how the gene affects the body. Nature and nurture often work together, even when genetics play a strong role in a medical problem. Some sociologists are calling for a new sub-discipline of medical sociology, which they would call "genetic sociology," to monitor and evaluate the effects of GE on society. This might be a good idea for all uses of GE, and not just for medical uses. It would be hubris to assume that we can predict all possible outcomes from gene manipulation."
Abstract This paper argues that people might talk about the benefits of animal testing but it is established that animal testing can delay the production of drugs, which would be beneficial to the humans, because they expressed adverse reactions in the animals. The author suggests that there are other alternatives to animal testing including test tube experimentation of human tissue cultures. The paper states that, even though it is difficult to measure the degree of pain and stress caused animals through this inhumane treatment of animals, which no legislation can prevent, this use of animals is immoral and unethical.
Table of Contents
Animal Testing - The Cons
Animal Testing - The Pros
Conclusion
From the Paper "Moreover, vivisection does not guarantee the accuracy of the treatment as human diseases differ from animal diseases and the result can be very misleading at times. Further the therapy of the drug differs depending on the species that it is used upon. Therefore a drug might have beneficial effects on a monkey but it could have adverse effects on a human. Belladonna is harmless to rabbits but can kill a human. More examples like these are seen throughout history and one was seen in England where Opren, an anti-rheumatic drug, caused the death of over 70 people and put over 3000 people into critical conditions."
Abstract This paper explains that the definition of green building principles is not absolute; however, the Integrated Waste Management Board of the state of California has several selection criteria for these materials: Efficiency of resources, indoor air quality, energy efficiency, water conservation and affordability. The author points out that another consideration for green building materials is that they are made and distributed by socially and ecologically responsible companies. The paper relates many produces; for example, a good material to use for the installation of exterior walls is structure-insulated panels, which are basically two outer skins of plywood or oriental strand board with an insulating filler, usually foam or straw, thus giving the benefit of reducing wood use, which is one of the lowest materials in terms of embodied energy, and preventing heat loss.
From the Paper "As much as one wants to invest in environmentally friendly materials, they will never get the attention of the public unless they are considerably more durable than the less eco-friendly product. Durable items remain in service for much longer, and thus, less need for replacement or cycling. One such product is Ecoshake, a shingle made of recycled vinyl and wood fiber. It carries a half-century warrantee."
Abstract This paper describes the early history of firefighting in America. It focuses in particular on the city of Hackensack and the formation there of a voluntary fire brigade. The paper further describes hazards that were encountered in the early days of American firefighting and today. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of the firefighters themselves understanding building structures and reporting conditions up the chain of command.
From the Paper "Although there was plenty of controversy surrounding the issue, wherein some stated that it was plain human error, and bad judgment, while some others stated that it was because of interference, or due to mechanical malfunction, the actual truth, as it was later discovered, was that the firefighters had been inadvertently transmitting their communications on a general channel, and since nobody listened to it, no one knew that they were all trapped upstairs, and therefore, no one could rescue them. Since the fact cannot be proved beyond reasonable doubt, and since not one of those firefighters in the incident came out alive, one must believe that a combination of different factors led to such grave fatalities in the firefighting department of Hackensack, in July 1, 1988, in New Jersey. (The Hackensack Fire Radio Communications Issue) "
Abstract This paper explains that the author was presented with the problem of improving upon an already tried and true design, the mechanical pencil. The author describes both the form and function of his mechanical pencil design, which has been modified to include small LED lights at the tip of the pencil. The paper relates that this design was chosen to accommodate writers who are required to write or take notes in less than ideal lighting conditions, such as film reviewers or students. The paper includes three design sketches.
From the Paper "The purpose of this paper is to describe the form and function of a mechanical pencil design that the author devised when presented with the problem of how to improve upon an already tried and true design. After all, the pencil has been around for a long time, even the mechanical pencil. It is unlikely that any major plausible modifications that could be made haven't already been attempted or are already in existence. Nonetheless, it was my intention to make a design modification to the existing basic mechanical pencil in order to counter what this author perceived to be a major oversight with the design of the mechanical pencil. Too often, writers are faced with doing work in low-level light conditions, such as in darkened auditoriums during a presentation or during a film on which a reviewer might wish to take notes."
Abstract This paper relates that the Professional Engineers' Code of Ethics covers the basic requirements for the engineer in terms of ethics,. The author points out that the code shows that the engineer should show ethical behavior to his or her associates, employers, clients, subordinates, and employees, which includes the public in its broadest application. This paper notes that the code cites the need for he engineer not only to be competent but to keep up with new developments in the field and so to pursue ongoing education in this field in order to have that necessary knowledge.
From the Paper "The engineer has a number of levels of responsibility and may have to balance those based on which are more important. His or her primary responsibility is to the professional code of ethics, which in turn is based on the view that the profession owes a responsibility to society and must place this responsibility first. In the case of a project being paid for by the taxpayer, the engineer owes it to society to assure that the costs are not excessive and that the project that is being done has a good chance of success at the price being paid. There are a number of different rationales offered for why engineers have particular obligations to serve the interests of the public and to especially work to maintain safety as part of their public trust."
Abstract This paper considers career opportunities in the field of Industrial Safety and Health Engineering. It uses the construction industry as an example to show some of the tasks involved, the problems to be faced, and the way people in this field can work for safety in companies, as consultants, or as regulators to assure that companies comply with safety regulations.
From the Paper "The job description for the career of Industrial Safety and Health Engineers is phrased as follows: Plan, implement, and coordinate safety programs, requiring application of engineering principles and technology, to prevent or correct unsafe environmental working conditions. ("Job Description for: Industrial Safety and Health Engineers" para. 1) Such a career can include specific jobs in the private sector, for a manufacturing company, a construction company, a service business, or for any type of business with raising safety issues for workers, or for a job as a regulator, analyzing safety issues, testing safety conditions, and consulting with business to better the safety record. Consider the need for one specific aspect of the construction business."
Abstract This paper examines the relationship between engineering ethics, sustainable development and the law. Principally, the paper suggests that the first two are not possible without the latter and that professional ethics are the most effective means of ensuring the viability and long-term success of the industry. The paper also strongly intimates that tragedies such as the Challenger disaster could have been avoided if appropriate ethical considerations had been paramount.
From the Paper "The inter-relationship between engineering ethics, sustainable development and the Law is a complex and very important one. Among other things, this relationship will determine the success and/or failure of the engineering profession to live up to its responsibilities within the broader community. With that in mind, this paper will examine each of the three items mentioned above and delineate the relationship between each and what this relationship means for the engineering community. As will soon become apparent, while the law does not need engineering ethics and sustainable development to endure, engineering ethics and sustainable development need the law (and each other) if they are to endure."
Abstract This is a paper about the toy, slinky which was first developed in 1945 by Richard James, a naval engineer, who was attempting to create a new navigation system for a battleship. However, when one of the coils that he was using dropped to the floor and began to move, the idea for Slinky was born. It also looks at how the toy has been used for many purposes, including physics in education.
From the Paper "There have been many inventions within our society that have affected ways in which we live, methods in which we accomplish things, and perceptions with which we view the world. These things exist in every facet of our lives, and even save us at times. However, there are those "things" which also bring us joy, and the greatest ones are those that we discover as children, and then last throughout our lives to remind us that there will always be a child in all of our hearts. Building blocks, Tonka trucks, and Bardies often have a great deal of significance for older "kids" because they bring back wonderful childhood memories. One toy that still exists today that also possesses that type of nostalgia is the ordinary Slinky. "
