This well-researched paper examines not only whether Japan has the capability to create nuclear weapons but whether or not Japan already has these actual weapons.
Abstract This in-depth paper explores the sometimes fragile alliance between Japan and the U.S. and ponders whether or not Japan is capable, from a technical standpoint, of creating nuclear weapons. This paper delves into the possibility that Japan may already have nuclear weapons in its possession. A large number of Japanese citizens and successive governments have favored continuing the alliance with the U. S. which involves enormous reliance on American security and military power to protect Japan from attack. This paper defines article 9, the renunciation of war, of Japan's Peace Constitution. The writer also discusses the economic benefits in developing and maintaining nuclear weapons. This well-researched and informative paper considers some of the means Japan could employ to gain greater military autonomy which includes completing the development and production of advanced weapons such as the FSX fighter. This paper also discusses the various groups and parties that oppose nuclear weapons including the Japan Council against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs.
From the Paper "Considering that the huge military-industrial complex of United States is an often-criticized force in the American economy and that maintaining a similarly high level of expenditures on weapons was a critical factor leading to the economic and political failure of the former Soviet Union, many in Japan are understandably content not to have a defense industry of a comparable magnitude. But there are some Japanese willing, and even eager, to duplicate or surpass American state-of-the-art military technology. Those who wish to see Japan more independent of reliance on the American power, who believe Japan's future is dependent on an autonomous defense establishment, favor the concept of Kokusanka or, indigenization of defense production."
Abstract The paper explains the need for improved traffic safety systems. The paper explains what fuzzy logic is, using the example of how it works to regulate temperatures on an air conditioner. It explains that fuzzy logic is used to measure imprecise and dynamic factors and allows for a reasonable judgement. In conclusion, writer states that fuzzy logic has improved the overall quality of life in other areas and posits that using fuzzy logic to assess traffic systems will result in traffic agencies making better overall decisions regarding traffic safety.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Motivation
Bibliography
From the Paper "Fuzzy Logic allows us to measure imprecise and dynamic factors and allow for a reasonable judgement. For example, an air conditioner employing Fuzzy Logic can automatically regulate the temperature. If it's too hot, it will lower the temperature. It it's too cold, then it will increase the temperature. However, it's difficult to define what is "too hot" and what is "too cold". Also, there's the factor of humidity (dampness and dryness). Fuzzy Logic can control the system by accepting these dynamic variables and generating an optimal temperature output, providing better comfort for the user. Fuzzy Logic is now widely used in consumer electronics, agriculture, and manufacturing systems."
Abstract This paper explains the demand for substitute skin is because (1) the loss of significant amounts of this layer can result in functional morbidity or death and (2) the many burn injuries and dermatological disorders such as chronic skin ulcers and nevi excision, which require substitute skin. The author points out that, to design a skin substitute, it is necessary to replace both the dermal and epidermal layers because the dermal layer cannot spontaneously regenerate in humans and the epidermal layer is needed as protection for underlying dermis. The paper relates that the three main types of temporary skin substitutes, which are used for coverage of wounds that do not completely eliminate the dermis or for areas where skin is being removed as a donor site, are allograft, synthetic, and bio-synthetic; whereas, the two main types of permanent skin replacements are bio-synthetic and biologic, but many of the newer types of artificial skin being developed are a combination of both categories.
From the Paper "The basic design criteria specified by Yannas and Burke have become standards used to fabricate new skin alternatives. These criteria utilize two separate stages of design. The initial stage involves keeping bacteria out of the body and retaining water within the body [9]. Once these goals have been met, a second long-term stage involves improvement of cosmetic appearance and tissue scarring, minimizing contracture of the skin, and anchoring to the underlying tissue [9]. In addition, it is assumed that the skin is non-toxic. Researchers have added several more goals to the design criteria since the original publication by Yannas and Burke. These goals are to make the artificial skin easy to store and use and to produce it inexpensively [7] as well as reducing heat loss and pain in the area and providing a hypoxic area wherein wound healing would occur faster."
Abstract This paper examines the career of Thomas Edison, who is connected with the development of such invaluable inventions as the telegraph, the submarine cable, the telephone, the electric light, the electric railway, the electric trolley-car, the storage battery, the electric motor and the phonograph. The paper not only looks at the inventions that were Edison's brainchild, but also at the improvements he was able to make with other peoples inventions.
From the Paper "Telegraph and its connection with Edison are interesting. When Edison was born in 1847, telegraph had already been invented but it was not generally accepted by the public. Wheatstone and Cooke are credited with the invention of magnetic needle telegraph in England while Morse had invented the electromagnetic telegraph in 1840 in America. In 1847, telegraph was still in its infancy and the farthest west it could reach was Pittsburg. It was however an exciting invention with unlimited possibilities and Edison from the very young age showed keen interest in it. He and his friends first developed a local primitive telegraph system across his neighborhood. This allowed them to send messages to each other. This worked well till a minor incident brought the entire system down and Edison's childhood experimentation with telegraph came to a screeching halt."
Abstract This paper assesses the costs and benefits to the environment of using nuclear energy. The paper explains that while theoretically nuclear energy is a clean, effective, efficient and almost inexhaustible form of power, public opinion is widely opposed to its usage. However, the author of this paper maintains that that opposition is based on misinformation. The paper explains the process of creating and harnessing nuclear energy, showing how it is nearly identical -- save the source of the heat -- to that used by geothermal energy plants and many coal-burning plants. The paper further demonstrates that nuclear energy is actually the safest, most environmentally-sound energy option and concludes that more should be done to support its adoption as America's primary sustainable energy source.
From the Paper "The public's apprehensive assessment of nuclear power remains its most serious obstacle. Although disasters and fatalities have been fairly limited, the potential for catastrophe is not overlooked by anyone. The Three Mile Island disaster seems to be burned into public perception regarding any discussion of nuclear energy (Beder, 224-5). Additionally, radioactive nuclear waste cannot be dumped back into the environment: it remains dangerous for thousands of years. As a consequence, collecting, relocating, and storing this waste presents environmental risks that most other energy resources are not associated with. Naturally, if proper precautions are taken and no mishaps occur; nuclear power is perhaps the most cost effective, cleanest, safest, and sustainable form of energy society has to offer. However, all rests upon its appropriate handling and the public's trust in its distributors."
Abstract This paper examines how bionics is becoming a respectable field of research with a variety of applicable benefits. It looks at how advances in computer technology have enabled engineers to reduce the dimensions of processors and transistors to sizes appropriate for medical applications in two primary venues: bionic therapy and bionic enhancement. This paper briefly explores some of the developments in bionics and the potential outcomes of such research.
From the Paper "Today, researchers work relentlessly to improve the lives of people suffering from countless ailments. From hearing and vision to circulatory system repairs, medical therapy continues to make great leaps in bionics. The twentieth century saw the advent of orthopedic implants, cochlear devices to augment hearing, organ transplants and the development of experimental spinal nerve bridges [Science, 2002]. The "development of cochlear implants (has) given hearing to people, previously deaf, through auditory nerve stimulation" [Maguire, McGee 2]. Vision research begun by Giles Brindley in the 1960's has branched out substantially into areas of retinal simulation through chip implants, direct optic nerve stimulation and even cameras hard wired into the occipital lobe of the brain [Lavine, Roberts, Smith 2]. "
Abstract This paper looks at how embryonic stem cells are of great interest due to their ability to develop into virtually any other cell produced by the human body. It discusses how it is likely that the first potential applications of human embryonic stem cell technology will be in the area of drug discovery because the ability to grow pure populations of specific cell types offers a "proving ground" for chemical compounds that could have medical importance.
From the Paper "In the three to five day old embryo, called a blastocyst, stem cells in developing tissues give rise to the multiple specialized cells types that make up the lung, skin, heart, and other tissues. In some adult tissues, such as bone marrow, muscle, and brain, "discrete populations of adult stem cells generate replacements for cells that are lost through normal wear and tar, injury or disease. Scientists believe that stem cells may become the basis for treating diseases such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and heart disease."
This paper reviews many examples of advanced electronics, which are playing very critical roles in many areas including the biomedical and learning environments.
Abstract This paper explains that electronics technologies empower man to do things that were never imagined before such as completing advanced tasks faster and easier such as the automated teller machines (ATMs). The author points out that advances in the discipline of biomedical engineering have made the impossible "possible" by working closely with doctors, nurses and other healthcare workers to develop a range of computing, instrumentation, imaging and telemedicine equipment. The paper relates that electronic forms of learning, calls "e-learning", have evolved in different methods, which makes use of assisted programs and software in which the speed of teaching can be adjusted to the learning ability and speed of the learner and to physical impairments.
Table of Contents
The Importance of Electronics in Today's Society and How Mankind Relies on the Current Technologies
Electronics Technology in the Development and Aid of Human Life and Longevity
Technical Achievements in the Area of Biomedics
Technology in Electronics - Aiding Other Defects of Humanity
Conclusion
From the Paper "The truth that electronics aid humanity may be a subject for debate. However, it must be noted that nothing else may beat your doubt on electronics but the fact that we can derive from others' experiences that the technological advances in electronics really assist man in sustaining his life and surviving from the weaknesses of our physical body. More so, we may derive such information from our relatives and friends who may have experienced recovering from diseases with the aid of advanced biomedical machines, made possible by advanced electronics. Or, you can also ask this question to yourself to provide a view on how effective do you really believe can technology as applied in electronics will help, assist, and aid humanity?"
Abstract This paper explains that power line networking has many advantages but a main advantage is that it does not require the use of any additional wiring; just plug the computers and devices into a power outlet and the network is formed, essentially turning your power outlets into network ports and providing instant networking. The author points out that the technology has been around since the 1950s but has been on the fringes because of lack of interoperability, low quality of service and other problems; however, now, with definite standards and specifications being applied and price cuts, the technology is gaining ground. The paper relates that, in the future, this technology will be used in every "smart home", which uses computers to run everyday devices like microwaves, washing machines and watering system that can be started remotely by using a cell phone or PDA.
Table of Contents
Description of Power line Networking
Technology
Interlogis - Passport Network - How It Works.
Intellon - Powerpacket Network - How It Works.
Future Trends
Companies Involved in the Field
Regulatory Issues Surrounding the Field
Global Implications
Conclusion
From the Paper "Powerline technologies are already in use globally. Issues such as power voltages in different countries (110V / 220 V) come into play at this level. PowerPacket technology works independent of voltage and current frequencies so it is usable almost anywhere, passport on the other had is mostly useful in the U.S for now or countries using 110V. Also many countries with higher voltages use the three pin plug instead in the 2 pin plug used in the US so these lead to differences in powerline devices for different countries."
Abstract According to recent reports, supplying enough energy on a reliable basis at prices that will not cripple the global economic growth has become a challenge with consequences that are difficult to predict. The paper shows that, although this will provide new opportunities for oil and gas companies, pipelines, generators, utilities and others in the energy business, it also carries serious risks. The paper shows that the demand for energy is growing, not only in the developed economies of Europe, Japan and North American, but in developing countries as well. In fact, the fastest demand growth is in China and other emerging markets, thus from one side of the globe to the other, societies are needing and demanding more fuel. The paper examines how the world is able to deal with increased energy demands in the 21st century.
From the Paper "There is no avoiding the fact that the success of globalization is underscored by dramatic increases in consumption, and with increased consumption comes environmental degradation (Marber pp). Current and projected damage to the environment can impede economic progress, and climatic changes attributed to greenhouse gas emissions and pressure on natural resources have become serious problems (Marber pp). Resource scarcity is an issue the world will have to confront as two to three billion more people consume like middle class Americans over the next fifty years (Marber pp)."
This paper discusses assistive technology, any equipment used to increase, maintain or improve the capabilities of persons suffering from any type of disabilities or impairment.
Abstract This paper explains that one area of assistive technology refers to devices that are used by disabled people to promote an easy access to computers, such as text-to-speech screen readers, voice recognition software, alternative keyboards, head pointing equipment and screen magnifiers. The author points out that 'Speech Recognition' software is often used by individuals with dyslexia and dysgraphia; however, a basic training process is required by which the computer is learns to recognize and accept the individual user's speech patterns. The paper relates that home or workplace modifications, such as ramps, lifts and adaptations in the bathrooms and toilets, can be done so that the individuals can move around within their own familiar surroundings without much difficulty.
From the Paper "Assistive technology devices to be used at home also include, among others, several self-help aids that the individual can use at home to help him in his various activities like eating, bathing, cooking, dressing, toileting, the maintenance of his home, and so on. Persons with difficulty with communication can use electronic as well as non-electronic devices that would enable them to communicate better with other people associated with them. A computer that would work as an assistive device is an extremely important and useful tool for those who have any type of disabilities, and one example of this is the various input and output devices available for such people, like speech recognition software, Braille, and touch screens."
Abstract The paper begins with an introduction then moves on to discussing the bathhouses of Pompeii, the Frigidarium, Caldarium and Tepidarium and their significance. Then the paper moves into the subject of the public baths and the associated extravagance, excess and theft. The paper also includes a discussion of Bath, England and concludes with the effects that Christianity had on the baths and the effects of the fall of Rome.
From the Paper ""The gong that announced the opening of the public baths each day was a sweeter sound, than the voices of the philosophers in their school" (Roman Baths, par. 2). This was written by Cicero to describe just how important the baths were to the ancient Roman people. The Ancient Roman Empire was extremely vast; at its peak the Empire controlled much of Europe, along with Asia Minor and Northern Africa. They were extremely innovative people who built many structures, as well as infrastructure, some not surpassed until the mid twentieth century. Public toilets were installed to help keep the empire clean and sanitary while sewage systems were constructed to carry waste and water away from the cities (public health par. 4). Living in relative comfort, ease, and cleanliness was important to the citizens of Rome consequently; the Romans built a large system of public health works. The Romans had no concept of germs but they still tried their best to keep themselves clean. The Romans were also practical people and believed that the prevention of disease was just as, if not more important than, the cure of disease itself, an example of this are the swamplands in Rome (public health par. 1). The Romans found that environment plays an important role in health, when they observed that people who live nearer to swamps and marshes contract disease more often then those who live in grasslands or cities (public health par. 2). A result of this would be the draining of many swamps and the subsequent building of temples to the Gods in close proximity to the swamps in order to appease the Gods (public health par.3). The great public bathhouses of the Roman Empire were important social structures as well as a place to keep disease at bay."
Abstract This paper employs a critical review of the body of literature, original research synthesis to determine if indeed a causal relationship can be found between the production of nuclear energy and the proliferation of nuclear weapons. An exhaustive statistical regression analysis illustrates that the relationship between the aforementioned variables is not significant and thus, that the hypothesis of correlation and causation cannot be confirmed. However, the paper goes on to provide evidence to suggest correlation between the proliferation of nuclear weapons and other factors such as global military tensions and certain categories of world events. The paper includes graphs and tables.
Paper Outline:
Literature Review
Proposal
Data Sources
Data Analysis
Results and Interpretation
Discussion
Conclusion
Reference List
From the Paper "The body of literature is generally in concessus with regard to the link between the production of nuclear energy and the proliferation of nuclear weapons. There is, however, disagreement over the method by which nuclear weapons and materials are spread. Some argue that terrorist organisations and rogue states are able to acquire enriched uranium from nuclear waste deposits. Others claim that these parties are more likely to invest in nuclear energy technology as a means of acquiring nuclear weapons while other still claim that the link between these two factors in negligible or non existent. "
Tags: cold, war, energy, korea, npt, reactor, terrorism
Abstract The paper develops a proposed strategy to transfer fuel cell technology (from a developed economy) to Bangladesh (a developing economy). The specific fuel cell technology produce is the Honda Home Energy Station. The paper includes an environmental analysis of Bangladesh, produce modifications needed, and a market entry transfer method.
From the Paper "This paper develops a technology transfer proposal from a developed to a developing economy. The elements of the proposal are as follows ..."
Abstract This essay is about residential sprinklers in modern construction. It considers the effects of residential sprinklers on consumers, the government, and businesses and evaluates whether the overall effects has been positive or negative.
From the Paper "Using sprinklers to irrigate residential landscaping has become so commonplace that few people give the matter much consideration Homeowners consider sprinklers a boon since it eliminates watering ..."
