Peterson and Nisenholz (1990) define career guidance as:
...an organized, systematic program to help the individual develop self-understanding...and knowledge of the world of work...(it)...emphasizes the process of planning, decision-making, and implementation of decisions. (p. 239)
The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss the career guidance theory of John L. Holland and to review research applying this theory to a variety of guidance situations.
Holland's Theory of Career Guidance
Holland's (1992) theory of career guidance rests on four basic assumptions. The first assumption is that most people can be characterized as one or a combination of six measurable ..."
From the Paper "A great deal of educational thought and research has been devoted to the study of intelligence quotient, or IQ. All research points to the fact that all intelligence tests are designed to do one thing: differentiate people. In addition, since IQ tests differ widely, it can be said that they differentiate people according to different measurements. Therefore, intelligence is not one static construct, invariable across all populations. Ultimately, intelligence has to be seen as the measurement defined by a particular intelligence test. One can be sure that differentiation is the basis for the test, and the test may even be a valid predictor of future academic or vocational success; however, one cannot be sure that the test will ultimately be good for the individual taking it, or society in general."
Abstract This paper discusses how sexual education in high school has been a controversial subject since the very inception of sexual education programs and how a recent expansion of risky sexual activities in teenagers argues that it is time to take another close inspection of the issue. It examines how opponents of sexual education in schools claim that that it promotes promiscuity and liberal sexual attitudes whereas supporters of sexual education believe that programs reduce the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancies, and often take the place of parents who are unwilling to discuss sex with their teenagers. It reviews different pieces of literature and shows how evidence appears to support the view that sexual education does not increase sexual promiscuity.
From the Paper "Supporters of sexual education in the schools also have intelligent and compelling arguments for their cause. Firstly, they note that sexual education plays an important role among teenagers who are already sexually active. Certainly, it appears that large numbers of teenagers are already engaging in sexual activity. Alarmingly, close to one in four teenagers will contract an STD by the age of 21 (SexAboutT.net). Supporters of sexual education note that students will likely continue to remain sexually active, and that sexual education gives them the information needed to make sexually responsible choices."
Abstract This paper examines the many arguments for and against school uniforms in public schools and how the main concern has to do with the legality of making uniforms compulsory for public school students. The aim of mandating school uniforms is to create uniformity among students. Wearing school uniforms will help blur economic and class disparities among students since the all students will adorn the same clothes. It evaluates the legality of such a policy if implemented since the Supreme Court has made it clear that free speech extends to actions and dress and provides various facts and figures on those schools that have already implemented school uniform policies.
From the Paper "In certain areas of California certain colors convey that the person wearing it is a member of a gang. Sadly, even those who wear these colors who are not members of the gang often become victims of the gangs mindless violence simply for wearing "their" colors. Three thousand miles away in New York City, students have been victims of crime because they wear what is considered to expensive clothing, students are not only targeted by their fellow students but outsiders as well. In the early 1990's the infamous and costly ?8-Ball? jacket was highly sought after by thieves and many schools found themselves responding to situations because a student was attacked for his or her jacket."
Abstract This paper is the result of research done on diversity management training. A survey of employees was taken to determine how comfortable they felt in the present climate at the workplace The paper proves that in order to attract the most advantageous employees, diversity training may be utilized to enable employees to interact and understand one another better.
From the Paper "In the workplace of today's world there are often varying cultures and backgrounds to contend with, whether employee, employer, or client. In the case of this researcher, diversity training and management in the workplace is an issue, which Management may face. Having been faced with the issue, Management will need to determine the validity of diversity training and its place in the workplace, as well as the outcomes of such training and the benefits and detriments to the company as a whole."
Abstract This paper discusses the themes and ideas in the book, "Life in Classrooms" by the highly acclaimed psychologist and educator Philip W. Jackson. It shows how although Jackson published this scholarly work in 1968, more than 30 years later, it is still quite relevant to our present-day classroom life and structure. It attempts to explain why Jackson considered life in a classroom quite unnatural and thus unfavorable for the proper psychological and intellectual development of a child.
From the Paper "Keeping this in view, we realize that recent incidents of school violence may be subtly connected with this negative aspect of life in classrooms. When a child fails to make his presence felt, he resorts to violent and destructive tactics, which suddenly throw him in the spotlight. We can draw another extremely important conclusion from this group and crowd element. What schools mostly fail to understand is the fact that group operations are not always as smooth to adapt to as it appears on the surface."
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of dyslexia. The writer conducts an exploration of the disorder, how it is diagnosed, and how it is treated or worked with. The writer examines several treatment options and discusses their strengths and weaknesses. Including a very in-depth annoted bibliography.
From the Paper "Within the last few decades the education of student with special education needs has come al long way. Currently the law provides for students who have special needs to be educated with their peers in the least restrictive environment. One of the most common learning disabilities is dyslexia. Dyslexia has been studied for years as to its cause and content and teaching students with dyslexia has been analyzed for the purpose of finding the best way to accomplish the task. "
Abstract This paper defines distance learning as the promise to deliver education to those who are interested in obtaining a college education but cannot attend the traditional college classroom. This paper explores distance learning and how it benefits the masses, as well as examines the problems that arise from distance learning use. The focus centers on the future of distance learning technology and its use.
From the Paper "The need for a college degree has become evident in recent years for many professions. High schools are geared to prepare their students for college and students are being encouraged to think about post high school education as a given instead of an option. The workforce has become extremely competitive in the last few decades and often times what separates those who are hired from those who are not is a college degree. As the need for a degree becomes more important, people are trying to find ways to fit college into their already demanding lives. One of the things that has been invented for the purpose of allowing their pursuit is distance education. Distance education has enjoyed increasing attention for the last few years. It allows those who want to obtain a degree, but cannot attend classes, to fulfill their desire. Through the use of distance education millions of students across the nation are now working toward various leveled degrees and improving their earning power."
Abstract This paper discusses the modern acting methodology created by Constantin Stanislavski and his follower, another great acting teacher, Uta Hagen. The paper details many elements of Stanislavski's theory such as the core concept of the "creative objective": A character's objective on the simplest level is what the character wants. The author points out that the modern actor would never go into a play without having an understanding of his or her character's relationships with other characters.
From the Paper "The "magic if" technique essentially places the actor in a situation wherein he or she may use the imagination to develop the appropriate emotions. For example, an actor may have never tried out for the football team, but he is playing a character that has just been cut from the team. The actor may not know what that feels like; but, by employing the "magic if", he can place himself in that position. In other words, as the actor prepares he might say to himself: "It's as if I walked up to look at the cast list and saw that I"d been cut or not cast.? Through the use of ?if,? an actor can find similar emotions."
Proposes a research design to determine the degree to which high school football coaches and trainers use personalized strength and weight training to assist their athletes in gaining enhanced performance.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 8 sources, 2002, $ 71.95
Abstract Proposes a research design to determine the degree to which high school football coaches & trainers use personalized strength & weight training to assist their athleles in gaining enhanced performance. Specific types of programs and their benefits. Review of the literature. Methodology to be used. Anticipated results based on data analysis.
From the Paper "Strength Training and Athletic Performance
Abstract
The proposed research focuses on determining the degree to which high school football coaches and trainers employ personalized strength and weight training regimens to assist their athletes in gaining strength, endurance, and overall improvements in conditioning, leading to enhanced performance. A review of literature was employed to develop a quantitative survey using a sample of 100 randomly selected secondary school football coaches from all playing divisions within the state. Using an instrument developed by the researcher, two research questions were asked: 1) to what degree do coaches use strength and weight training programs; and 2) what specific types of programs are employed at the secondary school level, and what are the..."
Abstract Proposes a study to determine whether family structure can explain poor academic performance. Impact of traditional & non-traditional families on variations of academic performance. Discusses theoretical context & theories of human development (Piaget & Vygotsky); prior conflicting studies on the topic. Stanford 9 Achievement Test. Methodology, research design, data collection. Table of Contents.
From the Paper The Impact of Family Structure
on Student Achievement
Abstract This paper examines how computers have transcended most cultural and social barriers and shows how teaching methods that employ computers and technology driven aids are today one of the most effective ways of imparting knowledge. The paper explores the use of advanced technology in several spheres of education, including students with learning disorders, special needs and distance learning. The paper also discusses several tools used such as spread sheets and digital photography.
From the Paper "Properly used, technology can enhance student achievement. At a basic level, students are exposed to computer-aided instruction to "drill" or to learn by rote; they can use videodiscs that help strengthen math skills or to learn new words, and multimedia software to accelerate their learning curve. At the other end of the spectrum, students learn to organize complex information, recognize patterns, draw inferences and communicate findings; they can learn better organizational and problem-solving skills using computer-generated simulations, videodiscs, the Internet and CD-ROMs."
This paper reviews the article "Empowering Employees Through Training" by Jerry Fireman, which recommends that companies utilize e-learning as a method of providing employee training.
Abstract This paper discusses the above article which recognizes that the pace of new developments, especially technological, requires employees to constantly develop their skills. The paper points out that cost can be a problem, especially the cost of the employee's time. The author feels that for the program to be effective, the individual characteristics of the organization need to be taken into account.
From the Paper "The first good point made is that e-learning can be tailored to the organizations needs. The area that staff are trained in does not depend on the curriculum of a local college. Instead, the organization can determine what it wants employees to learn and how long it should take. The organization is not governed by class times. Instead, the organization can set any time for learning. This allows flexibility in both the time required and the content delivered. With this ability to tailor the material, the organization can make the best use of training time. Efficiency is important in all aspects of business, including training. E-learning makes training efficient by allowing the organization to train employees in the areas that are most important. As well as that, the flexibility means training time can be scheduled as it best suits the organization."
Tags: technology, skills, cost, time, organization
Abstract Autism is a serious disorder that often leaves those who suffer from it in a world of isolation. Following a definition of autism, this paper explores the methods that can be used to rescue autistic people from isolation. Since the discovery of autism, a plethora of research has been conducted but there is still very little that is known about its origins or effective treatments to combat the effects of the disorder. This paper examines trends in education that provide treatment for the disorder. It provides a literary review, which details information from sources such as "Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics", "ERIC Digest" and the "American Journal on Mental Retardation". This paper acknowledges the challenges that educators face in addressing the needs of students with autism.
From the Paper "An article in Eric Digest entitled "Autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder" asserts that there is no known cause of autism although the medical world has concluded that there are multiple factors that lead to the development of the disorder. (Dunlap, 1999) It is estimated that 2 persons in 1000 suffer from autism and it is believed that about 500,000 Americans have the disorder. According to the article there are no known distinctions among different ethnicities or economic backgrounds. However, there have been instances where clusters of autism have occurred in certain area of the country which indicates that there may be some environmental contaminates that contribute to the development of the disease. (Dunlap, 1999)"
This paper examines the effectiveness of modifications in classrooms and teaching methods used in working with children diagnosed with attention deficit disorder and attention hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD).
1,675 words (approx. 6.7 pages), 4 sources, 2002, $ 54.95
Abstract This paper describes the National Education Association's ten specific steps that can help ADD/ADHD students function well in the classroom. The author believes that many of the techniques that help ADD/ADHD students to focus and perform better also are useful in the general classroom. The author points out that knowing how to deal with an overactive or hyperactive child as part of a regular classroom experience can help the teacher become a better teacher overall. Classroom observation notes of a general education class and a special education class.
From the Paper "A recent article in NEA Today estimated that 3 to 5 percent of all K-12 students suffers from some form of attention deficit problem (p. 4). One of the significant difficulties in studying the extent of the problem, however, lies in diagnosis. Attention deficit disorder (ADD) and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) are both listed and defined as psychological disorders in the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-IV, but they are nevertheless difficult to diagnose precisely. In order to be diagnosed with either disorder, a child must have consistently exhibited at least six of the listed behaviors before the age of seven, whether or not the diagnosis occurred that early, in ways that interfere with functioning in at least two different kinds of settings, such as home and school. The behaviors must also not be the direct result of some other problem, such as anxiety disorder or identifiable stress; if a child is hyperactive as the result of a traumatic event, for example, then a diagnosis of ADD and/or ADHD may not necessarily be appropriate, even if many of the relevant behaviors are present."
