From the Paper "Educational Assessment Methods
Introduction
There are two contrary current trends in educational assessment. One emphasizes standardized testing as primary, while the other is more process oriented. The former is often driven by political forces and parent concerns, while the latter is more often the focus of education professionals. The task is to bring these two strands together to create an effective assessment program within the school and district.
State of the Art
The trend during the 1990s has been away from standardized multiple choice testing and toward performance assessment, which includes performance, portfolios, and products assessments."
An examination of the uses and effectiveness of computers in schools. Includes online offerings, student benefits, cooperative study, examples and language learning.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 6 sources, 2000, $ 47.95
From the Paper "Once upon a time the television was looked upon as the new classroom blackboard from which students could learn and master any number of subjects; it was touted as the worldwide classroom. Today it is the computer that has been thus elevated and it is often referred to as the global classroom.
Accurate data regarding the number of public or private schools with computers and software is unavailable. However, "information extrapolated from a recent survey by the market research firm Quality Education Data (QED) suggests that about one-third of U.S. schools have installed a LAN with internet access" (Tenbusch & Vaughan, 1998, p. 1). Tenbush & Vaughan (1998) go on to write, "But with the momentum provided by the federal e-rate program and the annual NetDay volunteer events..."
From the Paper "Desegregation remains a controversial issue in education. Once believed to be the only remedy for a separate but unequal school system, desegregation is now labelled by critics a misallocation of scarce financial resources. On the other hand, forced school integration has resulted in the elimination of racial imbalances in certain situations. At stake in the debate on desegregation is the fate of African-American children in the nation's deteriorating urban school system.
Desegregation in education has several advantages, both tangible and intangible. One of the tangible benefits is that it increases interracial exposure between blacks and whites. For example, after a decade of the implementation of a desegregation plan in Milwaukee, the white enrollment in minority schools increased from 21 percent to 31 percent. In a society where..."
Abstract This paper discusses the importance of educating teenagers in order to prevent irresponsible sexual behavior. It also shows how some parents and other concern-groups are against this idea, claiming that it makes teenagers too aware. The paper cites research and surveys done in this area by parents and educational institutions.
From the Paper "Americans have adjusted a lot of their thinking when it comes to teenage sexuality during recent years. There was a time when a pregnant teen would have been removed from the school and sent to a school for unwed mothers. There was a time when a sexually active female was labeled a slut, or said to be loose. Those days are on the retreat as Americans accept teenage sexuality more than ever before. With that acceptance comes the question of when and how to teach sex education. Schools are at a crossroad because they are dealing with pregnant teens but many parents are opposed to the sex education of their children within the school system. Teen pregnancy, teen sexual preference and many other topics are not being addressed today in teen living classes, and students are gaining their education on the street. The adults are not going to stop teen sexual activity, nor will they stop those who are gay from being gay. The best thing that can be done to assist in the area of teenage sexuality is to provide a solid and truthful education so that they can be safe and they can be happy."
Tags: parent, teen, gay, active, intercourse, sex, pregnancy, contraceptive, AIDS
Abstract This paper argues that landing a high-income job is directly related to having a high educational background; and conversely, having little or no education is directly related to low income, and worst of all, unemployment. It shows how education after high school is not only becoming more popular, but also demanding. The paper provides many statistics and data to back up this claim. Includes graph.
From the Paper "The importance of education has been emphasized since days of old. Education is usually regarded as the single most important determinant of a person's economic and social success. Education is linked to the happiness of an individual. The more education one pursues, the higher the income they will receive. In return, higher income brings forth private benefits. A person with a college degree, compared to a person with only a high school diploma, has a better chance of landing a white-collar job with a higher salary. Most people would rather have a "laid back" job that doesn't involve hard labor. Jobs like these are healthier on a person's body compared to blue collar work. With a high income, an individual usually gets better medical benefits and more social security to retire. Also, since education is linked to income, the personal commodities a person wishes to have for themselves is raised by higher education. Thus, education brings forth opportunity in the workplace. With a high educational background, a person has the opportunity to move up in position with a company, because he/she is properly trained."
This paper reviews "One Child" by Torey L. Hayden, which is a sensitive report of the relationship that developed between Ms. Hayden, a special education teacher and one of her pupils.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 1 source, 1981, $ 55.95
From the Paper "Torey L. Hayden's "One Child" is a very sensitive report of the relationship that grew and developed between Ms. Hayden, a special education teacher, and one of her pupils, a six-year old girl named Sheila L. Sheila was a tragic example of a child who has been abused and neglected. The daughter of a 14-year-old mother, Sheila was born in poverty and raised in abuse, including being abandoned by her mother on a busy freeway when she was just six years old.
This abuse led Sheila to violent behavior, and she was arrested for the act of setting a playmate, a young boy, on fire. She was then sentenced to be committed to a state hospital for ... "
Discusses pros & cons, with recommendation for arbitration. Examines economics, organizations, National Education Association, court decisions and legal issues.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, 1988, $ 63.95
From the Paper " In all but a few states teacher strikes are illegal. Paraphrasing the definition of "strike" offered by Black's Law Dictionary, a teacher's strike is defined as the cessation of work by a body of teachers for the purpose of forcing from the school board certain concessions pertaining to working conditions, salaries or other aspects of teacher welfare. This discussion will present the opposing arguments for granting teachers the right to strike concluding with the opinion that teachers should not be given the right to strike (Gatti & Gatti, 1972). The arguments presented will be based on the legal and educational issues involved in teacher's strikes.
During the 1960s and 1970s there was a growing discontent among teachers. This discontent was based on a number of (...)"
From the Paper " Approximately 50 high school students (25 males and 25 females) will be administered the Parental Sport Pressure Questionnaire (PSPQ) developed for this study and the Sport Competition Anxiety Test for Children (SCAT-C), developed by Martens (1982). Students who score above the median on the PSPQ will be assigned to the High Parental Sport Pressure Group (HPSP), and students who score at or below the median will be assigned to the Low Parental Sport Pressure group (LPSP). The t-test for correlated groups will be used to determine if a statistically significant difference (p ?.05) exists between the two groups in competition trait anxiety as measured on the SCAT-C. It is hypothesized that students who score above the median on the PSPQ will report significantly higher mean levels of (...)"
From the Paper "One of the most controversial questions surrounding collegiate athletics is the degree of professionalism that college sports should be accorded. This is most clearly represented in the debate on whether college athletes should be paid, if so, the amount of salaries, and the degree to which the student athlete is a professional wage.earner or a student. Although the actual question of whether college athletes should be paid seems basic, there are a multitude of other issues involved. For instance, with the present system the athletes are not paid a salary, but often receive large amounts of financial assistance from the host university. As well, these athletes are often part of large recruiting packages that may well include living allowances, transportation stipends, funds for tutors and travel, as well as other "under.the.table" perks such as (...)"
From the Paper " More often than not people do what is expected of them. This is not an unusual statement when one considers that to live in a communal society, one must share norms and values in order to get along with other members of that society. As one becomes more and more familiar with another's behavior, one believes that they can more accurately predict how the other will behave in any given situation. However, as seminal studies have shown, this assumed behavior may be highly influenced by the predictions or prophesies (Rosenthal & Jacobson, 1968, p. vii).
In one important case, these expectations are central to the development of a child . namely that of the expectations of teachers as related to a child's self.perception. A substantial amount of research has shown that a child's perceptions of both positive and negative expectations from teachers has a vital (...)"
From the Paper "In his book, Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and Its Consequences, John Allen Paulos uses the term, "innumeracy" in the same way that the term illiteracy is used: to represent an unfamiliarity and ignorance in terms of numbers and mathematics. Besides being well written and entertaining, the book is also informative in explaining common instances of mathematics in everyday life.
Paulos does not confine his discussion only to one aspect of numbers and mathematics. His book is replete with examples of statistics, probability and mathematics. He suggests, for example, that we develop a "safety index" for certain activities or events which would provide the populace as a whole with a quantitative way to evaluate their activities. While such an idea may seem farfetched, it illustrates an idea which occurs .. "
Many observers in the United States believe that organized high school sports are in a poor state of affairs. Professionalism among amateurs at all levels and the hunger for earning "big" money in the pros continues to lure both collegiate and prep athletes. But big bucks is only one of many complicated issues facing sports in high school--or at all levels for that matter. Sports issues range from economics to minorities, from education to coaching philosophies, and from the rise of violence at sporting events to sex discrimination. Finding solutions to just some of these issues would go a long way to relieving the tension surrounding any prep sports program."
A look at the brief biographies of Carl Orff, Zoltan Kodaly and Emile Jacques-Dalcroze, with a focus on their musical philosophies and approaches, their strengths and weaknesses and the impact on teaching music to children.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 7 sources, 1993, $ 111.95
From the Paper "Carl Orff, Zoltan Kodaly, and Emile Jaques-Dalcroze brought new influences to the process of teaching music to elementary school children in this country. Their creative approaches dramatically changed how 20th C. classroom teachers thought about and went about the task of encouraging small children in their musical development. This research will provide brief biographies of these three music educators, outline their philosophies, teaching approaches and methodologies, and discuss their relative strengths and weaknesses as applied to teaching music to elementary school children.
Carl Orff was a German-born composer who lived from 1895 until 1982. He is known in music education circles for his innovative use of percussion and simple melodic instruments with children, but he did not originally set out to teach children..."
An analysis of the obstacles to equal opportunity, including definitions, history, legal and social aspects, segregation, teacher quality and attitudes and reform.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 9 sources, 1994, $ 63.95
From the Paper "Race and Equality in Education
This paper will discuss some of the issues regarding race and equality in education. The first part of the paper will briefly discuss the history of educational equality. The second part of the paper will describe the differing views of equal opportunities in education. The third part of the paper will examine some results of studies which suggest that educational opportunities are not equal in the United States. The fourth part of the paper will discuss some of the problems with attempts at reform.
The importance of education in later life is constantly demonstrated by statistics which show a disparity in earnings between individuals with varying education levels. This disparity can be magnified by racial differences. Although the..."
Examines the significance and roles of play in child development, creativity, socialization, cognition, symbolism, rules-learning, modeling and fantasies.
3,375 words (approx. 13.5 pages), 10 sources, 1995, $ 119.95
From the Paper "Early childhood researchers have regarded children's play as highly valuable in the developmental process. Theorists such as Piaget, Vygotsky, Parten, and Smilansky have all stressed the importance of allowing children, in essence, to "practice" for later developmental stages by acting out what may appear to be inconsequential play; in reality, children are rehearsing for more complex developmental roles. In addition, play has been strongly linked to creativity, which, in turn, has been linked to intelligence. Clearly, then, an analysis of the value of children's play, whether it be dramatic play, group play, individual play, or creative play, is an investigation into an essential component of the process toward later development.
A broader definition of learning is necessary if play is to receive the credit it deserves in the classroom. As Stone (1995) ..."
