An examination of the development of the Internet-based business as well as finance, planning, innovation, diffusion, security, impact on economies and corporations, regulation and the future.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 7 sources, 2000, $ 55.95
From the Paper "How the Internet and Electronic Commerce Will Fundamentally Change the Nature of Global Business and Finance
This paper will discuss how the internet and electronic commerce will fundamentally change the nature of global business and finance. There is a trend for the global business and financial world to continually embrace the Internet and electronic commerce, or e-commerce. It is imperative, since this trend shows no sign of cessation, that a strategy based on E-commerce will be essential for survival and success in any industry or profession.
More and more consumers are giving e-commerce a chance. The Boston Consulting Group predicts that U.S. shoppers will spend over $61 billion online in 2000 and that the business to consumer (B2E)..."
Tags: ECONOMICS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE, COMPUTER SCIENCE
From the Paper "Introduction
The media pays close attention to interest rates, noting when the Federal Reserve Board's Open Market Committee meets, and the stock and bond markets react to real or anticipated changes in interest rates. Yet many consumers do not understand the interest rates discussed by the Fed and the media; what consumers do appreciate is that many mortgages and other loan rates are based on these figures. This research explores how the Federal Reserve conducts monetary policy, and examines the monetary policy of the last several years.
Background
The Fed's mission is to protect the integrity of the nation's money by providing a healthy banking and financial system that is consistent..."
From the Paper "Introduction
This research will analyze the effect that the yakuza, Japan's organized crime syndicate, has on the Japanese economy and on the life of the people of Japan. The effect of the yakuza will be illustrated with an exploration of the yakuza's infiltration of many legitimate businesses and how this specifically affects the Japanese economy. Further, there is short examination of the effect the yakuza have had in efforts by/ the Japanese government to reform the economy in the face of the worst recession in Japan's history since the end of World
War II. What is the Yakuza?
The yakuza is Japan's organized crime syndicate. Although the yakuza has old roots in Japan, the yakuza did not prosper until after World War II."
This paper explores the effects of globalization on the world focusing on the practice of First World companies outsourcing substantial amounts of labor to Third World workers.
Abstract The paper defines the term "globalization" and shows why Third World workers are paid less than First World workers. The paper explains why globalization produces monopolies. It then describes how globalization and trade agreements reduce the rights of workers in poor countries and increase environmental degradation while at the same time raise the standard of living in the First World.
From the Paper "Globalization has brought with it an ever-more-rapidly-increasing concentration of money (or capital) in the First World's financial markets. This is the direct result of the fact that globalization has also brought with it increasing conglomeration of firms that were once separated by national barriers and that once competed with each other."
Abstract This paper argues that landing a high-income job is directly related to having a high educational background; and conversely, having little or no education is directly related to low income, and worst of all, unemployment. It shows how education after high school is not only becoming more popular, but also demanding. The paper provides many statistics and data to back up this claim. Includes graph.
From the Paper "The importance of education has been emphasized since days of old. Education is usually regarded as the single most important determinant of a person's economic and social success. Education is linked to the happiness of an individual. The more education one pursues, the higher the income they will receive. In return, higher income brings forth private benefits. A person with a college degree, compared to a person with only a high school diploma, has a better chance of landing a white-collar job with a higher salary. Most people would rather have a "laid back" job that doesn't involve hard labor. Jobs like these are healthier on a person's body compared to blue collar work. With a high income, an individual usually gets better medical benefits and more social security to retire. Also, since education is linked to income, the personal commodities a person wishes to have for themselves is raised by higher education. Thus, education brings forth opportunity in the workplace. With a high educational background, a person has the opportunity to move up in position with a company, because he/she is properly trained."
Abstract This paper gives a thorough overview of the economic theory of Efficient Markets which states that prices of stocks and other securities fully reflect the information available to the investors in the market. The paper investigates why some finance professionals harshly oppose this system as it neglects the authenticity of fundamenetal or technical analysis. It shows that these professionals claim that if the assumptions of the theory were true, if investors traded their stocks in an efficient market, where prices are a reflection of available information, the buying and selling of securities would no more be considered as a business and it would become a matter of fortune to benefit from a sale or purchase of securities. The paper uses several stock market anomalies to show how the Efficient Market Hypothesis works.
From the Paper "From the above discussed stock market anomalies, it is evident that the future trends of securities and stocks are predictable to some extent. In some circumstances, the predictability of security prices is inconsistent with efficient market hypothesis. In addition to the above-mentioned anomalies, researchers have also pointed out some other inconsistencies in the capital markets, which bring the authenticity of EMH to doubt. For instance, researchers have found evidences of rise or fall in capital markets in certain specific periods, leading to the conclusion that the capital markets are subject to certain periodic or seasonal effects. Moreover, several studies have also revealed that the price to earning ratios of the firms has a very strong capability to predict future fall or rise in prices (Campbell and Sheller, 1988)."
Abstract The paper examines how Major League Baseball (MLB) generates $3.5 billion in annual revenues and how the economic turmoil the sport has undergone recently has attracted a great deal of attention both because of its huge fan following as well as the fact that it's an integral part of American culture. It evaluates how the range of different rates on return on investment for different teams is too large and blames it on competitive imbalances caused by a few very rich owners and a widening of what the industry classifies as "local revenues" . It shows how if MLB continues to see uncontrolled rises in its fixed and variable costs, several teams may just have to raise ticket prices, which will not bode well for an industry that is already witnessing demand elasticity and will likely, in future, experience price elasticity as well if raised ticket prices lead to a resulting negative trend in total revenues. It concludes with how MLB needs to be thoroughly overhauled using basic fundamental economic principles of controlling variable costs and providing a level playing field so that the performance of the smaller teams picks up and the demand to watch them win also grows.
From the Paper "MLB is also subject to the concept of "time cost" and consumer choice, at least perceptually given its discrete and isolated actions and long pauses as compared to the more action packed sports of football and basketball. This is especially true given the far faster paced lifestyles of today and is likely to have an even bigger impact in future as the natural effects of time and demand elasticity kick in as well over the longer run.
MLB's turmoil has also been caused by cash strapped owners who are probably feeling the pinch of the "opportunity cost of equity capital" as a lot of owners are ?"not as liquid as they were five years ago"annual losses rise to $10million, $20 million or more?? (MSNBC Web site)."
Abstract This paper examines the effect of war on the U.S. economy, looking at the relationship between military action and economic activity in World War I, World War II, the Vietnam War and the Gulf War. It shows how each of these wars was different in scale, different in historical impetus, different in motivation and different in cultural and social meanings and whether such important differences override any tendency for a nation to react in economic terms in the same way to each war. It looks at how cutting spending and diverting money from schools, for example, to the army can have long-term consequences in terms of a nation's overall prosperity and that given that government cuts are often in programs with long-term pay-offs (like public health and education), the effect of these cuts continues to mount after a war is over.
Increasing the money supply seems to solve these problems, but this is of course a dangerous strategy because it tends to raise inflation.
From the Paper "These technological changes offered great promises for the future, but they also came with economic costs: People found that new technologies were making them obsolete at the jobs that they had always worked at. Moreover, much of the vaunted prosperity of the workplace come on the backs of average workers, who often found themselves working long hours at poor pay in dangerous conditions. The uprising of populism as a significant political force in the 1920s and the unionization of many American workers bespeak the economic burdens that the post World War I "prosperity" laid on the common worker."
Tags: world, I, II, vietnam, gulf, cold, prosperity, production, iraq
Abstract This paper demonstrates that in order to improve free trade agreements and ensure that they include adequate protection for worker's rights, food security and environmental regulation, the FTAA must be based on a new model, rather than on the failed model of NAFTA. It shows that unless this is done, the only people to benefit from these agreements will be the rich and powerful; and that the workers and traders of the poorer countries will continue to be exploited.
From the Paper "Free trade policies such as North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) are widening the gap between the rich and poor in a number of ways. This is particularly true in Mexico; a country that has always been concerned with the protection issues associated with major trading countries in the world, tight controls, high tariffs and other restrictive policies. These restrictions have been revoked however in response to the demands to promote export-oriented production, eliminate obstacles to imports, and loosen corporate controls over national domains and enterprises. The result has been a blatantly inequitable distribution of wealth and power both within Mexico and between Mexico and other countries. The track record of NAFTA has raised concerns that this inequity will only be augmented by any such agreement."
Abstract This research paper includes an overview of the European Union, its history, principles and policies on trade. It analyzes the European Union's Impact on international trade and briefs the reader on the impact of the trade block on trade positions of the U.S. and Japan. The author discusses current issues and disputes between the US and the EU and includes statistics to illustrate the effects of the EU on world trade.
From the Paper The European market is big, much as the United States. The European Union and the USA represent 30.1% and 24.5% of global GDP respectively. Together, the two economic giants represent half of the world GDP. (See Diagram 1). As such, any actions that these two economies do will affect the rest of the world. In fact, the establishment of the European Union has effected ripples of economic growth or depression on its member states and other countries as well. And as the influence of the EU grows, so does its relationship with the rest of the world become more important. The EU currently holds agreements with almost every region in the world. Just as much of the EU's policies involve reduction of barriers and increased trade among its members, its external policies have involved increased trade globally and deepening relationships with other countries. The logic behind this double-edged mission is the realization that a barrier-free global economy is key to optimum progress.
Tags: block, eu, history, international, japan, policies, trade, union, us
A comparrison of the causes and effects of the two market crashes. A detailed examination of market behaviour, price, stock values, government policy and general economic conditions.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, 1989, $ 47.95
From the Paper The Stock Market Crashes of 1929 and 1987
" On the surface, there was a similar pattern to the stock market crashes of 1929 and 1987. In both cases, stock prices rose dramatically, crashed suddenly, and investors suffered tremendous losses. However, the economic conditions leading up to the two events were considerably different, and significant differences can be found in the economic policies following the market declines. Because of these differences, the consequences of the 1987 crash are likely to be far less severe than those of 1929.
The greatest similarity between the two market crashes can be found in market behavior and stock prices leading up to and during @the collapse. In both cases, rising stock values were fueled by speculation and the bubble ultimately burst. The stock..."
This paper examines the international debt crisis: Origins, less developed countries, U.S. indebtedness, banks, International Monetary Fund, conditionality, stabilization process, trade, currency, investments and future. Tables.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 12 sources, 1990, $ 127.95
From the Paper "This research examines the international debt crisis. International debt is the external debt owed by a country--either a country's government or entities within that country.
An external deficit develops for a country when the claims of foreign entities on the country's economy exceed the claims of entities in that country on the economies of other countries. A country's external debt is comprised of loans to both government and private sector organizations in the country. Loans to government entities involve sovereign risk, while loans to all other entities involve enterprise risk.
Loans involved in a country's external debt are extended by other governments, by international organizations (primarily the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and The World Bank), and by ... "
From the Paper "A Review of Falling from "Grace: the Experience of Downward Mobility in the American Middle Class" by Katherine S. Newman
During the last few decades, downward mobility has affected the lives of a variety of middle class Americans, by temporarily or permanently changing income levels, curtailing lifestyles, and ultimately impacting on personal goals and expectations. Falling from Grace: the Experience of Downward Mobility in the American Middle Class, by Katherine S. Newman, examines the circumstances of four different groups of the downwardly mobile: white collar managers, air traffic controllers, blue collar workers, and divorced women. The book examines how these middle class Americans attained their particular class and income standing..."
From the Paper "When Michael Milken, Ivan Boesky, Martin Siegel and Dennis Levine were arrested and prosecuted, the media and the public perceived the issue to be the esoteric insider trading. The various defendants were charged with crimes that most Americans did not understand, shrouded as they were in the area of high finance, hostile takeovers, junk bonds and mergers and acquisitions. The public did understand the level of some of the fines imposed on the defendants, fines which reached into the hundreds of millions of dollars, but the actual charges were never fully explained or comprehended by the public at large. James B. Stewart, an editor for the Wall Street Journal, examines the insider trading scandal and exposes a series of events that hinged not merely on insider trading, but which paint a picture of greed and predatory tactics unmatched in the history of the,,,"
This paper discusses the position of the dollor as related to other currencies in the global currency market: Background, devaluation, effect on trade, reserves, interest rates and future.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 7 sources, 1995, $ 47.95
From the Paper "Currency takes on a life of its own in the international trading markets. Aside from the value that governments place on their currency, international traders place value that ultimately determines how much any given currency can buy. In recent months, there has been increased attention given to the volatility of the world's currencies, with particular attention given to the American dollar, the Japanese yen, the Deutchemark, and the Mexican peso. This research examines the recent devaluation of the American dollar, the recent performance of the British pound and potential ramifications on the American and world economies.
The Japanese yen, German mark and American dollar are generally considered the world's strongest currencies. Merchants and governments expect these currencies to ... "
