Abstract This paper explains the economics of supply and demand, as well as examines those factors that can cause a shift in supply and demand. Supply is the amount of goods producers are willing and able to sell at a given price. Demand is the amount of a good that consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price. Factors influencing supply and demand include the price of the good and the income of the consumer.
From the Paper "Supply and demand are at the heart of how free market economies work. Under normal conditions, the price of any product is determined by two factors, the demands for the product and the available supply. The selling price serves as a mechanism to inform consumers and the producers of the relative scarcity of the product. This will encourage the merchant to adjust how much they sell it for and the level of demand by the consumers. When the market for an item is cleared of excess supply or demand equilibrium is achieved. Therefore when demand exceeds supply the prices will rise. This will cause increased profits and will motivate sellers to increase their supply. Buyers will continue to drawn into the market until demand is fully satisfied. "
Abstract This paper demonstrates that immigrant workers do not add significantly to the U.S. economy and have more costs than the benefits derived from their presence. The paper focuses specifically on a proposed bill by President Bush, after discussions with the president of Mexico working, that would allow seasonal farm workers to enter the United States as guest-workers.
From the Paper "Over 8 million immigrants were in the United States as of the year 2000 (FAIR 1998). Immigrants make up approximately 8.5 percent of the total U.S. population (Simon, 1996). Proponents of immigration, such as Molly Galvin (Galvin, 1997) state that even though immigration causes negative economic effects in certain local areas, the overall effect on the US economy is not a negative one. Some propose that immigrants add to the US economy. Opponents such as Mark Krikorian (Krikorian, 2001), and Steven Camorata (Camorata, 2001) believe that immigration will have a negative effect on American Agriculture and Wages."
Abstract China officially joined the World Trade Organization last year after a long series of negotiations. The entry of China into this world body has aroused mixed emotions among business analysts in the United States. Proponents feel that it will help Chinese economy and make its industries more competitive, while opponents are of the view that United States employment rate will be badly hurt by China's accession to WTO. China will certainly stand to benefit from increased trend towards global sourcing and the paper studies China's entry with reference to this particular issue.
From the Paper "China today enjoys a prominent position in the world because it is one of the fastest growing markets and this makes it the center of attention for the global businesses. The country has been introducing trade reforms since a long time now and in its attempt to become a major part of the world community, it offered to join World Trade Organization, which already has 142 members. But accession has not been a smooth journey for China because it was after almost 15 years that it was finally granted entry into this trade body. But it is felt that with the entry of China, things are going to change dramatically for businesses in Asia Pacific region and also for those firms that are on the look out for global emerging markets. In the past few years globalization has been the major trend for all large businesses especially the ones in the United States. The American corporate world has been engaged in global sourcing for sometime and with the entry of China in WTO, it is almost certain that these firms would find a wider market and sourcing would increase rapidly with China opening its doors to businesses around the world. "
This paper takes the form of a financial analysis of a fictional month in the nation's economic year, focusing on the economic outcomes and aims of the Federal Reserve.
915 words (approx. 3.7 pages), 0 sources, 2002, $ 32.95
Abstract The following paper discusses the real GDP and its rate of growth, consumer demand, price cutting, the rate of inflation, interest rates and the actions of the Federal Reserve Bank. The latter is discussed according to a breakdown in the financial analysis of the nation's economic year.
From the Paper "Analysis of Impact according to Aggregated Demand and Supply: The rise in stock market prices, given the recent long-term downward trend of the stock market could cause an upsurge in consumer confidence and drive stock prices higher. One might assume that a sharp upturn in prices of a good or service (such as a stock) might cause the demand for that good or service to decline rather than to rise. However, in light of recent past economic factors, demand for stocks could rise as investors anticipate an economic recovery. Demand could go up, stimulating the economy, and prices would thus continue to increase."
The following paper examines why economists predict that although the crisis in East and Southeast Asia has slowed the rate of development, it is not likely to change the ultimate direction of market evolution.
Abstract This paper discusses the current state of Asian economic development; the principles upon which Asian economic recovery depends, and then compares and contrasts several countries, notably China and Japan, in view of their attitudes, development and potential for economic dominance in the region.
From the Paper "In 1997, Thailand floated the baht, marking the beginning of a currency crisis that would eventually spread to other parts of Asia and to emerging markets such as Brazil and Russia. In Asia, the outflow of investment was massive. The five hardest hit economies -- South Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines -- saw net capital flows reverse by more than $100 billion in a year. All over Asia, companies went bankrupt, banks loans soured and the number of property repossessions skyrocketed and millions of people lost their jobs. The situation, named the "Asian flu" quickly became the focal point of numerous conferences, editorials and a small library of books as economists and academics debated the causes and the cures."
An analysis of the major causes of the decline in the Argentinean economy, focusing on the fixed exchange rate system of the country which seems to be the major cause of the problem, forming unrealistic expectations.
Abstract The following paper examines the economic strategies adopted by the past Argentinian governments and the loop holes in their economic plans that led to such an economic disaster. This essay also examines the impact of the fixed exchange rate strategy adopted by the government of Argentina over the past few years.The writer uses some quantitative approaches to analyze the economic slowdown in Argentina and how it has affected the market conditions and what impact it has made on the standard of livings of a common man.
From the Paper "Due to the unrealistic economic policies and unwise decisions made by the government, the Argentinean economy is going through the worst times of its history. The general public is holding the government responsible for the worsening economic crises that have led to high rate of unemployment and decline in trade activities. The current economic crises are believed to be the worst economic decline since the economic crisis of the 1980s. The credit ratings agencies and several other economic forecasters have warned that Argentina is currently facing a threat of getting defaulted on its $132bn of debt. Due to the economic slowdown and the political unrest, created by the economic crisis, it is much likely that the government of Argentina will not be able to arrange the short term repayments for its debts."
Abstract This paper pays special attention to the division of wealth among the different segments of the population in the United States. The author presents data to support his supposition that the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. The middle class, according to this author, has suffered the greatest losses over the last generation. Some of the topics discussed in this paper include how corporate greed has impacted on the distribution of wealth, what has caused the rate of poverty in America to grow at an unparalleled rate and how the tax structure affects the huge gap between 'haves and have-nots'. The author offers some suggestions to the problem and points out what economic changes need to be made in order to correct this growing problem.
From the Paper "America today houses more rich people than ever before and the gap between the rich and poor is rising. But is it fair to resent the rich because of this? In the United States, advancement is supposedly based on merit and everyone has an equal opportunity. (Reiman) Bill Gates is so far up on the financial ladder because he seized opportunities and used his brains to get ahead. Michael Jordon developed an extraordinary skill that enabled him to make millions playing sports. These are the cases that the rich might want to showcase. But the fact remains that in the United States, opportunities are not genuinely equal. Governments need to work harder to improve public education and ensure that it is open to all. However, researchers believe that even if the government did provide equal opportunities for everyone, the inequality of power would still maintain the inequality of wealth distribution. Power is often abused to raise prices and exclude competitors. This abuse of power gave rise to antitrust laws in America, as governments sought to restrain monopolies and cartels."
Abstract Using the example of the International Corn Flake Company, the paper explores globalization marketing strategy. It looks at the strengths and weaknesses of the company's marketing strategies and the strategies' effectiveness. The paper also proposes new marketing strategies, such as adapting the product/ advertising to the foreign market.
From the Paper "There are a number of companies that are being recognized by and whose brand names are familiar to most of the people in every region of the world. With the span of time, the global competition is becoming more and more intense and is affecting businesses in almost every part of the world. Those domestic companies who have been doing business in a specific region for decades to concentrate in only one area of the market are now finding foreign competitors at their competition and having more market recognition because of their regional presence. ?Though some of the people argue that the government should protect the domestic firms through legislations but in the long term, this policy may harm the interests of the consumer because the domestic firms may not be providing a compatible product or service. The best strategy to address this issue of foreign competition is to improve the products and services at home and to expend the target markets to other foreign markets. However, it is usually advisable to cautiously make the decision of expanding into any foreign market. The risks of doing business in a foreign region are high. The reasons for such high risks are the number of challenges faced by these companies while doing business outside the U.S such as shifting borders of the countries, instability in the political and economic scene of the country, problems related to foreign exchange, corruption and pirating of company's technology."
Abstract This paper discusses some important concepts of economics including inefficiency of monopolies and law of diminishing returns. The paper details several different concepts and then explains each one with the help of a graph. According to this paper, it is important to understand that monopolistic firms are not likely to be very cost-conscious which makes both the firm and its employees rather inefficient. In order to support this theory, the author then enlists help of a graph that compares monopoly with perfect competition.
From the Paper "It is believed every firm is operating with the sole objective of maximizing profits. But for maximization of profits, it is important to reduce costs and increase productivity. The lower the costs are, the wider the profit margin would be. Therefore the firms would always try to operate at a point where their average cost is at its minimum. This is an ideal situation, which is not always achievable but is still the most important objective of a profit-maximizing firm. But it is important to understand that average cost curve may differ in the case of monopoly and perfect competition. But it is true that both types of firms would try to remain at the lowest level of their average cost curve in order to maximize its profits. This is a simple concept to understand."
Abstract The author feels that major issues in U.S. Latin American policy are the economy and human rights. The paper explores these issues in detail and explains why they are critical. To protect the economic interests in this region, the author believes that policies should be created that would encourage Latin America's financial independence.
From the Paper "The economic conditions in Latin America are critical to U.S. interest in the region because the U.S. has provided billions of dollars, this includes military aid, to Latin America over the past ten years. Much of this has been provided because of the instability of the economies in that region. Ensuring that these economies gain some stability would benefit not only the U.S. economy but also the World economy."
Abstract This paper defines economic indicators, which determine whether the economy is in an inflationary or a deflationary cycle. These factors assist economists in make their predictions and government officials in determining economic policy. The uses of various models also are discussed.
From the Paper "Economic indicators are used to measure the financial health of the economy. There are many methods and tools for measuring the economy and every economist has his favorite method. The health of the economy is measured by tracking certain indicators. Different economists use these indicators in various combinations. Some economists place more or less weight on different ones in making their predictions about which direction the economy will go. It is important to note the differences in measurement when assessing the opinions of popular economists of today."
Abstract This paper examines the current social, economic and cultural state of a United Germany. It looks at how the previously ultra nationalistic country has been used as an example by the EU to show that a country can maintain its own identity and still be part of a Greater Europe. Contemporary history of Germany is examined, since the collapse of the Berlin Wall until present.
From the Paper "After the fall of Berlin Wall and the Unification of West Germany and East Germany, the United Germany due to its size and strength has often been perceived as the leader of the European Union. This situation and perception worries and annoys the other European Union members because of the German reputation in the past, in the World War. This problem which is often called the "German Problem" and as European members try not to hold past against Germany to such degree that it damages integration. The problem of European Security was the major concern and an essential determinant in all proposals and considerations on Germany's European integration. The image of Germany in the past was also a major consideration and its neighbors knew that a united Germany would emerge at some stage in the postwar developments, despite the fact that they would have prefer the partition to remain in post war Europe."
Abstract The following paper discusses how there is no one aspect that stands out as a single determining factor of price per passenger or per flight. The writer examines how the air carriers act with the interest of maximizing revenue, whether that maximization occurs over time or with each flight. The condition of the company itself is also a major consideration in how the price analysts approach their job, which is also discussed in this paper.
From the Paper "Is the company struggling on the brink of or within bankruptcy? Do they need to break even or come out far ahead of their competition in the market? Also, the conditions of airports themselves can be a determining factor, especially in the long run: ?failure to expand capacity (of airports) will result in spilled demand and place an upward pressure on prices,? ("Economics FAQs"). Because major hubs are experiencing a vast increase in air traffic, the resulting delays and decreased quality of service adversely affects demand. Decreased demand implies an increase in prices to compensate for lack of revenue. The Law of Demand is probably the key factor in determining price of air travel; its ancillary clauses including Demand Elasticity are also primary factors. Finally, we must consider the day-to-day decisions made by the airlines to determine what price changes to put into effect. These day-to-day tactics, described in Wells, involve the different fare levels and rules and restrictions placed on tickets. Significant variables influencing these decisions include peak/off peak seasons and other load-determining factors."
Abstract The following paper looks at the result of spending billions on security measures in the U.S.A. to combat terrorism. It discusses the ways in which the expenses of security measures affect the GDP and it assesses whether U.S. anti-terrorism policies impact significantly on the nation's economy.
From the Paper "Bush may be faced with a puzzle. He may be tempted to imitate Reagan's "military Keynesianism", by trying to make use of "state funds" to get America out of recession. He has declared that ?$75 billion? would be diverted towards the economy of the nation. But "military Keynesianism" might just provoke huge inflation that could lead to a crash later on. This might result in job losses and a decrease in trade and the working class will have to bear the consequences, as usual. (2) Though the American people may not be expected to be "bold" enough, the American government is prepared to spend its finds on the fight against terrorism as well as the economic fight they have been pushed into."
Tags: policymakers, stimulated, monetary, funding, federal
A study of the preconditions and policies required for economic growth and why some Asia-Pacific countries have failed to achieve sustainable long-term growth.
Abstract A study into why certain Asia-Pacific countries such as Cambodia fail to reach long-term economic growth and an explanation of the conditions and policies needed in an economic climate to achieve this growth.
The paper covers the following topics:
Preconditions for faster economic growth
Policies for faster economic growth
Asia Pacific LDCs (Least Developed Countries) & Cambodia
The paper is filled with examples and recent statistics of countries including USA, Australia, Taiwan, Europe, Japan, Cambodia, and Asia-Pacific LDCs in general.
From the Paper "According to McTaggart et al, there are several pre-conditions for economic growth. One of which is the existence of an institutional framework that is crucial to the creation of incentives. This institutional framework included markets (supply and demand), property rights, facilities for monetary exchange, as well as simple and transparent regulatory systems (1999: 32.7). Market prices send signals to buys and sellers that create incentives to increase or decrease the quantities demanded and supplied. Markets also enable people to specialise and trade and to save and invest. Property rights are the social arrangements that govern the ownership, use and disposal of factors of production and goods and services (McTaggart et al, 1999:32.17). They include the rights to physical property, to financial property and to intellectual property. The existence of property rights and their enforcement by the law provide people with certainty in their business dealings and hence they help provide macroeconomic stability and a pre-condition for growth."
