The paper analyzes the economic challenges currently facing Japan as a result of the recession that has hit the country following years of extraordinary economic growth.
Abstract The paper examines the major characteristics of the Japanese economy and its most important sectors-- industry and manufacturing. The paper compares the economic structure of Japan to the developed countries of Europe, such as Germany. The paper discusses the high rate of private and public investment in Japan and its lack of openness to foreign trade. The paper looks at the economic woes created as a result of the recession and the uncertainty with which the country is faced.
Table of Contents
About Japan
Economic Overview
Japan's Economic Structure
Japan's Investment Rates
Economic Woes
Japan's Trade Surplus
Japan's International Trading Process
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper "While Japan is still very much focused on traditional culture, the country absorbed a great deal of Western technology during the late 19th and early 20th centuries (Bartleby, 2000). After losing World War II, Japan experienced an amazing recovery, which secured its status as the second most powerful economy in the world and a loyal ally of the United States. Although the emperor holds the throne as a symbol of national unity, the actual power falls to a network of powerful politicians, bureaucrats, and business executives. Japan's economy experienced a major slowdown in the 1990s, following three decades of unprecedented growth, and currently has some serious economic challenges."
Abstract This paper discusses the nature of Islamic finance and economics, as well as the principles derived from the Koran that govern economics in Islam. The paper notes that modern Islamic economics is based on several religious laws set forth in the Koran, as interpreted by various scholars, and modern economics in particular have been shaped by readings of the Koran beginning in the 1940s.
From the Paper "Islamic economic practices are governed by tents from the Koran and are embodied in Islamic law, known as shari'ah. These tenets govern business, economic decisions, and other aspects of social discourse in Islamic societies. Islamic economics is based on several religious laws set forth in the Koran, as interpreted by various scholars, and modern economics in particular have been shaped by readings of the Koran beginning in the 1940s. Analysts note the way society expresses its form in Islamic theocracies and the power of shari'ah, or Islamic religious law."
Abstract The paper describes the hardships that both South Korea and Israel endured during the 1960s. The paper then discusses the role of government financing, investment and the use of economic nationalism in both countries and shows the similarities between the economic evolutions and the state's interventions. The paper relates, however, that the current economic situation is somewhat different; in South Korea, the decrease in government intervention led to significant corruption, while in Israel this led to economic innovation and integration in today's modern world of globalization.
From the Paper "Without doubt, the 1960s represent the main time frame in which South Korea and Israel laid the framework for future economic prosperity. Not only that, the most torrid economic development occurred at this time. The most critical propellant of this prosperity, of which will be the primary topic of this paper, was the state-led policy linkages shared between South Korea and Israel. Discussion will be limited to the 1960s because this decade predated nearly twenty years of economic decline for both nations, and also because of the above-mentioned reasons. Further exploration of this intervention will focus on government financing, investment, and the use of economic nationalism."
This paper reviews the article "Japanese Industrial Finance at the Close of the 19th Century: Trade Credit and Financial Intermediation" by Y. Miwa and M. Ramseyer.
Abstract The paper discusses Japan's economic development at the turn of the 19th century with respect to an article published by Miwa and Ramseyer entitled, "Japanese Industrial Finance at the Close of the 19th Century: Trade Credit and Financial Intermediation." The paper is of the opinion that the article is useful and largely successful at supporting the authors' points. The paper points out, however, that the article is prefaced with an over abundance of historical data that is, at best, only partially relevant from a historical perspective.
From the Paper "This article discusses several issues relevant to the Japanese economic experience during the late 19th century as it relates to financial revolutions that anticipate rapid economic growth. The observation is made that Japan did experience such a financial upheaval but that it was not artificially inspired but rather the natural by-product of private investor demands for greater financial infrastructures. Additionally, the authors observe that while securities existed in tandem with traditional bank credit structures, trade credit was largely relied upon in order to raise capital for ongoing industrial expansion."
Tags:economic, growth, bank, credit, capital, expansion, silk, industry
Abstract This paper looks at business cycles and how these effect economic busts and booms. The author looks at the way that various aspects in the economy are related to economic fluctuations in a complex way and argues that a simple cause and effect explanation is not sufficient to explain the relationship. An examination of various issues that may effect economics such as population changes, monetary shifts and supplies.
From the Paper "We are all so accustomed to fluctuations in the economy ? that roller coaster effect of bust and boom that we are currently on the downside of ? that we may forget to ask ourselves what causes these rises and falls in the economic life of our community and our country. For of course the economy is not a natural phenomenon like the shifting of the seasons and the cycle of the tides ? events caused by biological and chemical constants. The economy shifts and undulates in accord with human variables. This paper examines the concept of economic booms and busts and how these are related to business cycles, arguing that the connection between boom and bust and business cycle is a complex one not well explained by a simple, linear model of cause and effect."
Abstract This paper reviews dominant trends in healthcare economics during the last decade. Specifically, the researcher reviews economic theory and law. The paper examines how economic theory influences trends in healthcare organizations and relationships among healthcare providers. A comprehensive analysis of the literature is provided. The literature review suggests multiple theories including supply side theories. These theories help influence decision-making in healthcare. The researcher concludes that physicians now hold less power in the healthcare industry.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Managerial Applications
Summary/Conclusions
References
From the Paper "Economic laws and market trends often govern healthcare policy. It is vital to understand these trends and policies as well as economic theory when evaluating healthcare relationship. Multiple trends influence modern healthcare policy, including the changing face of healthcare economies and market trends in the healthcare environment. The doctor and hospital relationship has shifted many times resulting from these trends and changes. In times of old doctors held much of the power assumed in the healthcare environment, deciding key issues including setting pricing of fees and services and the nature of services provided by hospitals. In modern times, hospitals and managed care organizations are increasingly responsible for setting prices and the standards of care offered patients in the hospital setting. This shift changes the way doctors and hospitals work with each other. Today large managed care organizations afford consumers more decisions and more cost-effective services."
Abstract This paper addresses several aspects of European economic history, focusing primarily on the medieval period. The paper includes a discussion of the role of the fairs of Champagne and the effect of the Black Death.
Abstract The author of the paper examines managerial economics and the significant growth in interest from two points of view: the need for managers to make smarter business decisions and the pressure on managers to maximize profits. The paper examines managerial qualities needed by a successful manager and the role of leadership and managerial education in the progress of a business venture.
From the Paper "Lately many companies are feeling the pinch of reduced business activity. Customer orders at an all time low, but the scrutiny for management decisions is on the rises. Suppliers and lenders are seeking safe, low-risk investments. As a result, it becomes increasingly important to do more with less, compete effectively for limited credit, and reassure stakeholders and investors2. These normal pressures, coupled with the current state of the economy, has increased the complexity of the decision making process. Mangers are seeking out proven methods and tools to help make day-to-day decisions more error proof and transparent for the watchful eyes of shareholders. Successful managers are able to process several channels of information such as market conditions, decisions by the competition and the current and future state of their industry. The successful manager is able to utilize all sources of information and formulate a succinct direction for the company. This requires intensive and extensive research that is often time consuming and stressful. Fortunately, the study of economic theories has produced formulas and tools to aid managers. One example is MathWorks. This tool is utilized by the fourth largest energy company in Spain, Union Fenosa. It helps manage their supply and demand for utilities. Union Fenosa has an electric generation capacity totaling 10,000 megawatts. Since the electricity produced can not be stored, it is vital to know how much to produce and when. To determine how best to sell electricity in the wholesale market, the company must accurately predict the next day's prices and demand as well as the availability of electric power. The Mathworks supply and demand models help to project capacity and demand and optimize their generation asset portfolios3. This is a perfect example of the application of economic concepts to create analytical tools in the assessment and prediction of market conditions and business environment. Examples like this have increased the interest in the study managerial economics and equally increase managers ability to make smarter decisions"
Abstract This paper offers a personal discussion on obtaining a degree and a career in finance. It explores the career options, the pitfalls and the areas in which specific tasks are performed in the industry.
From the Paper "I am currently working on my AA degree. Once I have received my AA degree, I plan to transfer immediately to a four year college to earn a bachelor's degree in finance. I have already done research on finance as a major to make certain that I have taken both the required and the recommended classes as a part of my AA degree program. I learned that the School of Business at the college I want to attend is currently impacted ..."
Tags:finance, accounting, career, finance major, job options, controller, treasurer, college degree, earning potential, career path, CFO, Vice President of Finance
Abstract This paper explains campaign financing and the federal and state levels of campaigning funds. The paper discusses the finance reform laws that prohibit "soft money" and place restrictions on contributions. The paper relates that if the current trend continues, eventually congressional financing will be so regulated that even an ordinary citizen will be able to run for a seat in congress.
From the Paper "It is said "Campaign financing in Congress has become so scandalous that is gives the wealthy in Congress inordinate influence, while ordinary citizens are virtually excluded from a meaningful role." It is true that Congress relies heavily on finances in order to maintain/achieve incumbency, however there are many financial restriction regarding campaign finances. Finance reform laws now prohibit the use of "soft money" (money obtain outside the restrictions of federal law). This soft money restriction came about with the passage of the Shay's- Meehan Campaign Finance Reform Law. However, there are restrictions on individual contributions, as established in the out come of the Buckley v. Valeo case. These restrictions have limited the effect of campaign spending on voters, and created little negative impact (aside from a lack of money) on the Congress as a whole."
Abstract This work is a detailed analysis of the automobile financing schemes for Chrysler. It lists all the various controlled and uncontrolled variables as well as explains the demands for automobile financing. Among those are prices and special deals, money spent on advertising, average income of consumers, consumer taste and the expectation of services at Chrysler Financial.
From the Paper "With the slowing of the economy, Chrysler is forced to give incentives such as special interest rates, factory rebates, and free equipment group upgrades to maintain sales levels that stay competitive. During the time of economic slowdown, there is less money flowing in and out of consumer's hands, which means fewer business transactions taking place. This has an impact of all aspects of the economy, including car sales. In order to entice people to purchase cars during periods such as these, it is necessary to offer lowered rates and added incentives to interest the would-be buyer. This buyer power gives the consumer a financial advantage, thus leading to more demand for vehicles."
Abstract The paper looks at the 1994 "The New World of Microenterprise Finance", which discusses the issue of building healthy financial institutions for the poor throughout the developing world. It examines each article and analyzes the various strategies suggested to finance these microbusinesses. The innovative ideas presented are discussed.
From the Paper " The New World of Microenterprise Finance, edited by Maria Otero and Elisabeth Rhyne, is a collection of critical articles on the subject of microenterprise development, with a particular focus on various strategies to finance these microbusinesses in a range of contexts throughout the developing world. Beginning with a general description and analysis of the microenterprise concept in theory and practice, this review will proceed to examine in critical detail the range of contributions in this collection."
Abstract This paper considers the different means available to hospitals for financing capital construction projects. The focus is on mortgages and bond issues. The paper touches on the general outlines of these methods of financing and discusses the characteristics of success funding arte in an effort to define the way hospitals can increase their likelihood of successfully raising funds.
From the Paper "The financing of hospital construction projects has become an important public health issue in the past several decades. As the population has burgeoned through an influx of immigrants and a newly-expanding birth rate, and as the large "baby boom" population moves through middle age into retirement years, the demand for services that hospitals provide has grown. Concurrently, the sources of financing for hospital construction have shifted from public and philanthropic contributions to incursion of long-term debt (Washington State Department of Health, n.d.)."
Abstract This paper reviews the requirements for health care finance and accounting. The paper describes the financial environment within which healthcare financial administrators perform their functions, such as accounting, financial planning, budgeting and financial control. The paper also examines the effect of growth of the managed care sector.
Tags: Accounting, health care, managed care, finance
Abstract This paper looks at sources of money for financing a film. It touches on pre-sale agreements, independent film distributors and investors. The paper examines SEC Regulations, non-profit organizations and personal debt. Taxation is also discussed.
From the Paper "Studio filmmaking is an insider's game, and not many independent filmmakers can play, or they choose not to play. Studios are in the business of producing hits. The filmmaker loses a lot of creative control in this method. That's why these alternative methods of raising funds are needed. As difficult and complex as they may seem, they have worked to produce funds for many filmmakers, and allowed them to keep most of the creative control."
