Abstract A discussion of the problems facing each of the nations from the former Czechoslovakian Republic, now that they are separated. The paper discusses environmental issues, political and foreign relation complications as well as church-state relationships.
From the Paper "Change is rarely easy. Change becomes harder when a nation that has existed for a long time needs to dissolve into two different nations, each with its own set of problems. Economic and social change from a government controlled to a free market doesn't come easily and problem free either. Czechoslovakia is an example of such a situation. The country's dissolution has been called the peaceful divorce. [Otto Ulc. p.1-3] Czechoslovakia had only few cities with a p opulation over 750,000 and had been plagued by large variety of environmental and economic problems. Another problem results from the fact that the two separated nations don't wish to have much to do with the other, and thus the new nations are plagued by bad foreign relations with each other and remaining eastern European countries."
Tags: ostrava, prague, Civic, Democratic, Party, Zbynek, Sedivy, NATO
Abstract Laszlo Moholy-Nagy is widely considered to be one of the twentieth century's most important and influential artists. This paper discusses him as a photographer, painter, designer, writer, sculptor printmaker, film-maker and teacher. It shows how his influence reached into many aspects of the arts, from his native Eastern Europe, to the Western part of the Continent, across the Atlantic to the United States. The paper also explains how Moholy-Nagy was an important figure in the Western European Constructivism movement.
From the Paper "Moholy-Nagy was born in 1895 in Baac?s-Borsod, Hungary. He left school in Budapest to fight in World War I in 1916. It is during the war that he began sketching and taking his work as an artist seriously. In 1917, while recovering from a wound, he founded the artist group MA and started a literary magazine called "Jelenkor". In 1919 he moved to Vienna. It was there he began to make photograms and collages."
Tags: art, paint, designer, photographer, hungary, jelenkor, collage, war, sketch
Abstract This paper is a country profile on Italy that reflects the current adversities that Italy faces. Afflictions outlined include illegal immigration, corruption, and elections. The paper explains the problems Italy has faced in the past, and the problems they face now. It also emphasizes the difficulty in repairing these problems.
From the Paper "The Italian Republic, better known as Italy, became a nationwide state in 1861; they were united under King Victor Emmanuel. It originally had a parliamentary government; that came to an abrupt end in the early 1920s when the Fascist leader, Benito Mussolini, established a dictatorship. He formed an alliance with Nazi Germany that ultimately led to both Mussolini and Italy's defeat in World War II.(1) Italy's economy was finally revived in 1946 when a democratic republic replaced the monarchy. In 1999, Italy joined the European Monetary Union and now uses the "Euro Dollar" as their currency. This paper will show that Italy's most current affliction revolves around the influx of illegal immigration."
From the Paper "One perception of international relations is based upon a premise "that a rational and moral political order, derived from universally valid abstract principles, can be achieved here and now." An alternative perception holds that "the world, imperfect as it is from the rational point of view, is the result of forces inherent in human nature." This alternative perception holds further that the conduct of international relations must, therefore, be realistic, must accept human nature as it actually is, and must deal with political processes as they actually occur. The theory of political realism holds that international relations is the concept of interest defined in terms of power. "Political realism does not require, nor does it..."
From the Paper "CEAUSESCU REGIME IN ROMANIA
This research paper presents the essential features of the regime of Nikolae Ceausescu in Romania (1965 1989). That period was the most macabre chapter in Romania's turbulent modern history. Ceausescu became Party Secretary in 1965 and ruled the country until he and his wife, Elena, were executed by a firing squad after they had been condemned to death by a secret military tribunal in the wake of the successful revolution of mid December, 1989. The Ceausescu regime was characterized by political repression, ruinous economic policies, an idiosyncratic foreign policy and a bizarre, divisive and ultra nationalistic social agenda.
Introduction
Ceausescu was born in 1918 in the province of Oltenia, a.."
From the Paper "MEDICAL EFFECTS ON CHILDREN STEMMING FROM THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR INCIDENT
Introduction
This research examines the medical effect on children that have stemmed from the Chernobyl nuclear incident in 1986. The findings of this examination are presented in three major discussions, which are (1) a review of the incident, together with the general effects, both medical and non-medical, stemming from the incident, (2) a review of the specific medical outcomes of the incident affecting children, and (3) a review of the actions by governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in relation to the Chernobyl and its victims.
The Chernobyl Nuclear Incident.
The Chernobyl nuclear incident (at the Chernobyl nuclear.."
From the Paper "TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES: MOVING FROM A PLANNED TO A MARKET ECONOMY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Introduction
Five-to-six years after the collapse of state socialism in Central and Eastern Europe, democracy and free enterprise are spreading sporadically throughout the region (Brown, 1995, p. 25). By 1995, more than a third of economic output was being produced by the private sector, shortages had virtually disappeared, and financial fortunes were being accumulated by a new class of entrepreneurs in the former socialist economies of Eastern Europe. Brown (1995, p. 25) stated that: ?The casual outside observer may be forgiven for assuming that it will be only a matter of time before these initially disadvantaged countries achieve sustained rates of economic growth and acquire the .."
From the Paper "Introduction
Since the Berlin Wall came down in 1989, Germany has undergone significant changes throughout its culture. Divided by the Allies after World War II, the country was reunited in the early 1990s bringing the formerly communist East Germany (German Democratic Republic) into the democratic and capitalist West (Federal Republic of Germany). The reunification has not been without problems: unemployment runs high among those from the former East Germany, for example, and there has been an increase in the number of nationalist demonstrations in recent years. In addition, the country has seen a large influx of refugees from other former communist countries, and Germany's once strong economy has faltered somewhat as the nation tries to assimilate these new residents. Germany was also instrumental in bringing about not only the European.."
From the Paper " POWERS OF THE SECRET POLICE IN COMMUNIST EAST CENTRAL EUROPE
This research paper discusses the powers of the secret police in the communist-controlled nations of East Central Europe--East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary--and their role in controlling the populations of these countries during the Cold War.
Introduction
In his speech of March 4, 1946 in Fulton, Missouri, Winston Churchill said the following:
From Stettin on the Baltic to Trieste on the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line all the capitals of the ancient States of Central and Eastern Europe -East Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia. All these famous cities and.."
From the Paper "This study will compare and contrast Karolina Pavlova's At the Tea-Table and Ivan Turgenev's Fathers and Sons. The study will focus on the conflicts in the two works involving characters who live according to what might loosely be called feminine or masculine principles. In addition, the contradictions in the definitions of these principles will be explored.
For example, in Turgenev, the feminine principle is held by Nikolai, who values art, romantic love, and religion. The masculine principle is held by Bazarov, who values materialism, science, nihilism and violent revolution, while disdaining the values of the feminine principle. In Pavlova, on the other hand, the masculine principle is held most significantly by the Princess who embodies a love for art, literature and philosophy, and a tendency toward domination, especially in her relationship.."
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine the life and work of Vsevolod Meyerhold. The plan of the research will be to set forth a general outline of Meyerhold's position as a master of twentieth-century Russian theatre, and then to discuss the milestones of his creative path, with a view toward clarifying why one acknowledged as a refined aesthete and sophisticated artist should have accepted and indeed glorified the Bolshevik Revolution.
The role of V.E. Meyerhold in helping to refine modern stage theory and praxis is widely acknowledged. Indeed, from the earliest phases of his career, Meyerhold appears to have been a self-conscious innovator whose theory of the stage encompassed dramatic forms and dramaturgy responsive to and metaphorically representative of dimensions of reality that could compress the ..."
From the Paper "This paper is an examination of the theoretical shift which Russian filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein made in his epistemology of film. Eisenstein focused specifically on the essential importance of montage in the syntax of art, eventually changing his views on the role and purpose that montage plays in the creation and perception of a work of art. In his earlier writings, he sees montage, the ways in which images and other elements are combined by the artist and presented to the audience, as a conflict which should be designed to provoke specific thoughts. In his later writings, he began to view montage's purpose as a means of producing harmony and emotional response, beyond the specifically political. An epistemology is concerned with a way of knowing, and Eisenstein's theories of the way in which film allows the viewer to know changed from ..."
Abstract Both Russia and China have experienced radical economic, social and political change in recent years, characterized by a previously nonexistent warming in attitude toward the philosophies of capitalism and democracy in each country. At one point Russia and China's institutions were fully based on communistic principles.
From the Paper "Introduction:
Both Russia and China have experienced radical economic, social and political change in recent years, characterized by a previously nonexistent warming in attitude toward the philosophies of capitalism and democracy in each country. At one point Russia and China's institutions were fully based on communistic principles. The difference between absolute communism and absolute capitalism, though vast and varied in consequence, really boils down to property rights.
Quite simply, the privileges of ownership are accompanied by the powers to set prices, form incentives and determine resource allocation (Carson, part 1, 168). Both countries have now evolved into more market-based systems. In some respects their paths have run parallel. In others, the course has been ..."
Abstract This paper explores the Kosovo conflict, its escalation in 1998 and its subsequent management. It is divided in four parts. First, it deals with the accusations of human rights violations within the province and presents diverse evidence from various human rights groups on the existence of such abuses. Second, it examines the Serbian response to these allegations and the reasons behind Milosevic's unwillingness to rectify the worsening situation. Third, it presents an evaluation of the need for intervention with regard to International Law and previous humanitarian practice. Fourth, it analyzes the diplomatic and military actions taken by the International Community.
Table of Contents:
Introduction.
The Human Rights Situation in Kosovo:
History of Albanian Mistreatment.
Allegations of Human Rights Violations.
The Serbian Response to Accusations of Human Rights Violations.
An Evaluation of the Need for Intervention with Regard to International Humanitarian Law
An Examination of the Accusations of Human Rights Violations.
On the Legality of Military Intervention.
International Action
International Humanitarian Action in Perspective: The Failure of Diplomacy and the NATO Bombing Campaign
Belated Recommendations: Was there an Alternative?
Conclusion
From the Paper "The Bosnia and the Kosovo conflicts marked the biggest outbreaks of violence in Europe after the end of the Second World War. The instable political environment in federal Yugoslavia after the fall of communism, brought about the emergence of salient ethnic issues, which led to the deaths of tens of thousands of people. The focus of this paper is the Kosovo conflict, the human rights violations that led to its escalation, and the international response that followed. Even though the situation in Serbia has changed and democratic parties are in power, the Kosovo question is still far from being resolved due to the mutual hatred of Serbs and Albanians. Moreover, the downturn of the Kosovo crisis gave credibility to the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) as a political player, which has further exacerbated the situation not only in Kosovo, but also in neighboring Montenegro and Macedonia."
A look at theEastern European nation as a flash-point for superpower relations, including the importance to the East and West, policies toward Poland and theYalta Conference.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 4 sources, 1991, $ 55.95
From the Paper "The fate of Poland has been central to much of the history of the twentieth century, though the Poles themselves have seldom had any say in that fate. The immediate cause of World War II was the Nazi German invasion of Poland in September, 1939, and the ensuing British and French declaration of war against Germany.
Poland was also central to the sequence of events and reactions that brought on the Cold War between the United States and its Western allies on the one side and the Soviet Union on the other. Poland was a central issue on the table at Yalta, the conference that has gone down in popular American legend as the point at which a naive and ailing Franklin D. Roosevelt "gave away" Eastern Europe to the Soviets. It was also Poland that was the immediate trigger of Harry S. Truman's tougher line towards..."
