Abstract The paper posits that, with the launching of Sputnik I, a space race emerged, which cemented the conflict between the Soviet Union and the US. The paper illustrates how, because of the space race, hostility between the Soviet Union and the US increased, prompting America to create a Western alliance to combat the new threats.
From the Paper "Mid-20th century signified the emergence of a significant event that defined the future development of countries all over the world, in both the Western and Eastern hemispheres of the world. During this period, the Cold War developed as a result of the containment policy that the United States had propagated, in response to the increasing support and popularity of Communism in Asian and East European countries. Cues from Communist countries like the Soviet Union bloc elicited corresponding responses from champions of democracy such as the US. What emerged, then, was a competition between Communism and democracy, represented primarily by the Soviet Union and US, respectively."
Abstract This paper explains that arguments in favor of Norway's full integration into the E.U. arose in 1972, 1994 and 2005; however, each time these initiatives failed. The author points out that the Norwegian lingering sense of isolationism, the craving to remain independent and autonomous in its political rule and decision-making process and perhaps even Norway's historical recollection of 400 years of foreign domination has prevented it from voting to seek full member into the European Union. The paper hypothesizes that, although it is impossible to predict the mood of the Norwegian voters, the author states with certainty that the world, not just Europe, appears to be moving towards a united world community with the E.U. playing a significant role.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
First Attempts to Join the EC
Norway's Economy
Norway and the EFTA
The 1980's: Conservative Governments Rule Norway
A Second Try to Join the EC, Now Called EU
Reasons for the "No"-Decision
Norway's Future: Is it Likely to Join?
From the Paper "The Norwegians have a strong history of protectionism when it comes to their fishing industry and waters. Throughout different periods in its history, Norway and Russia have had to resolve differences and develop relationships that would facilitate the use of Norwegian waters and territories in the most northern part of that country that had historically been shared between the two countries. While the issues were, by 1991, seemingly resolved in an amicable and workable solution satisfying both countries, it serves to demonstrate Norway's tenacious protectionism of its coast and ..."
Abstract This paper explains that, when considering all of the dominant factors that were instrumental to the start of World War One, it is clear that no one element or country was absolutely to blame for this war. The author points out that social ideologies, imperialism, nationalism, colonialism, the arms race and political changes throughout Europe played a part in causing this tragedy. The paper concludes that man's greed, the need to be seen as more important, powerful or superior and the desire to see one's country as the most advanced, prosperous and evolved were all implicating factors. The paper includes a chart of the naval strengths of the powers of 1914.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The War to End All Wars
Social Darwinism
The Structure of Europe
Imperialism, Nationalism, and Colonial Expansion
The Arms Race
Over By Christmas
Conclusion
From the Paper "The Austro-Hungarian government, with full support from Germany, waited for three weeks before issuing the July ultimatum to Serbia, which insisted that Serbia should take full responsibility, and which basically asked to be included in the investigation concerning the assassination. Serbia refused to hand over the three men that were implicated in the assassination, and appealed to Russia for help. Russian mobilization began, and on the 28th July 1914, Austro-Hunagria declared war on Serbia. Due to their promised support to Austro-Hungaria, on July 31, Germany issued Russia with an ..."
This paper is an extensive literature review of the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) of the European Union, especially with regard to the inclusion of Georgia.
Abstract This paper explains that European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) was developed to combat some of the European security issues that exist in Europe. Authorities believe that the ENP would enhance the European Union's ability to secure the region against terrorism and would help promote the economy and overall quality of life of the region. The author points out that originally the ENP applied to its direct neighbors: Algeria, Belarus, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, the Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia and Ukraine. Later, however, it was extended to include the countries of the Southern Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia) with whom the present candidate countries, Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey, share either a maritime or land border. The paper concludes that by eradicating terrorists or criminal activities and by strengthening the political and justice systems in the country, the ENP will be helpful to Georgia. The paper includes many quotations.
Table of Contents:
Introduction to Study
Introduction
Background/ History
Theoretical Framework
European Integration Theory
Social Theory and International Negotiation Theory
Literature Review
Purpose of the EU
EU Pursues Two Main Types of Policies towards the Rest of the World
Economic Policies
Foreign and Security Policies through the Common Foreign and Security Policy and Defense Policy Cooperation
Enlargement
Development of ENP
ENP Framework: Objectives, Principles and Instrument
European Security Strategy as a Foundation of ENP
The European Neighborhood Policy
Trade and Competitiveness
Development
Strategic Relations, Political Dialogue and CFSP
EU-Georgia Relations
From Partnership to Neighborhood and beyond Neighborhood Policy
EU-Georgia Partnership and Cooperation Agreement
Analysis
Looking at the Neighborhood from Georgian Perspective
Why is ENP Important for EU and for Georgia?
The Military Sector
The Economic Sector
The Education Sector
The Environmental Sector
The Society Sector
The Political Sector
How Sectors are Synthesized
EU Interests towards Black Sea Region: Why Georgia Matters?
Conclusion
From the Paper "According to the commission's report these agreements permit the expansion of cooperation and economic amalgamation across a variety of domains. The effects of these agreements have not been realized at the current time. In any case, the ENP provides a foundation for improved cooperation in many distinct domains so that the EU and its partners can realize the full benefit of the structures that are in place (European Neighborhood Policy). To this end, the Action Plans will establish key priorities to be tackled in the years to come."
This paper discusses "To Ride the Third Wave" by Clyde Prestowitz, who suggests policies to help the United States succeed in the third wave of globalization.
Abstract The paper discusses how, in "To Ride the Third Wave," the author claims that America's top priority should be to address its inadequacies in order to maintain competitiveness in the global market. The paper examines the suggested policies that include reducing the role of the US dollar, altering the U.S. energy policy and practice and revamping the savings, loan and taxation systems. The paper discusses the need for the U.S. to reevaluate top expenditures in health care, social security and national defense and to change labor and educational policies. Finally, the author shows the importance of actively deepening relationships with key global players.
From the Paper "The turn of the last century saw tremendous global change including the manifestation of a global market. Although many of the promises of globalization have been fulfilled, its pitfalls and potential problems have only recently surfaced. The United States, which rose to international dominion both financially and politically, faces the greatest challenges in maintaining its edge in the third wave of globalization. Its position of global hegemony is diminishing rapidly. America will no longer be a world superpower unless its policy makers are willing to acknowledge and address the nation's inadequacies. These inadequacies include low educational attainment within the population, inequitable distribution of wealth, insufficient workforce skills upgrades, inadequate critical infrastructure, poor savings, taxation, and expenditure policies, and more."
Abstract The paper relates that because globalization affects everyone, Clyde Prestowitz' book, "Three Billion New Capitalists: The Great Shift of Wealth and Power to the East", becomes relevant for all modern readers. The paper examines the heart of Prestowitz's focus; the United States and its economic policies. The paper shows how the economic policies guiding emerging economic superpowers like China are more forward-thinking than the outmoded ones that prevail in the United States. The paper discusses Prestowitz's ideas that a revision of American economic philosophy, spending more on education, health care and sound infrastructure, is vital in order to "ride the third wave" of globalization.
From the Paper "Clyde Prestowitz could have easily titled his 2006 book Three Billion New Capitalists Can't Be Wrong. The author does not judge the ethics of globalization itself, for Prestowitz is a realist who understands that globalization began in the 15th century and has only recently entered what the author calls a "third wave." Three billion new capitalists can't be wrong because the economic policies guiding emerging economic superpowers like China are more forward-thinking than the outmoded ones that prevail in the United States. Part history lesson, part appeal for changes to American foreign and domestic economic policy, Three Billion New Capitalists: The Great Shift of Wealth And Power to the East is a must-read for anyone remotely interested in the implications of globalization. Because globalization is affecting every citizen of the world, Prestowitz' book becomes relevant for all modern readers and could even become required material in public schools."
Tags: education, healthcare, infrastructure, currency, technology, India, China
Abstract The paper examines "Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization" where the author, Appadurai, addresses specific aspects related to globalization. The paper explains that the effort within this book is not to find a closure for these issues but simply to open up a field of discussion that can be dealt with at a later date. The paper finds numerous faults with the book, such as the lack of clarity in much of the writing and the jargon utilized, but still concludes that, overall, the book is a worthwhile read for individuals studying globalization.
From the Paper "Appadurai's book, Modernity at Large, offers many important tools in order to help people think about globalization. The idea of globalization is something that is becoming increasingly important today in many aspects of business, and therefore is a very hot topic. The book, however, is interested in many of the specific aspects that are related to globalization. For example, one of the largest themes of the book has to do with the impact the globalization has on migration and the way that people move from one place to another much more often today, even across different countries, because the world is becoming much more global. Many of the powers that belonged generally to a particular nation or state are being dispersed because of all of the globalization that is taking place. There are some new insights made in the book but much of it deals with the insights and opinions that individuals in the past have created and published in other magazines and journals. There are contributions that are made in this book that are important, though, and the largest one has to do with the migration of globalization."
Abstract The paper explains that the free trade opposition movement is an attempt to warn blind consumers about the dangers of "free trade" where corporations exploit cheap labor. The paper discusses how developed nations invest in markets that might provide jobs to poor people but they do not pay enough to provide relief from poverty. The paper looks at the assertion that the poorest countries remain so poor because they have no real voice in setting the prices for goods.
From the Paper "In part the protests are linked to the indifference that has been shown developing nations, with regard to policy development and agenda. Yet, the opponents of free trade have a broader list of complaints that have to do with overall economic dominance of the "free trade" movement by the developed nations. The fears of the opposition are that trade, in this venue will further tax, rather than assist poorer countries, due to its aggressive emphasis on the bottom line. The "free trade" movement may allow new markets to open in these previously isolated economies but at what cost?"
Abstract The paper examines the politics and economics of globalization and shows how poverty and inequality are a result of globalization. The paper discusses how wealthy countries profit from the poor countries and countries themselves have a dual economy of the rich growing wealthier and the poor, poorer. The paper also discusses how in a globalized era, the nation-state often ignores the sentiments and welfare of their citizens.
Outline:
Introduction
The Politics of Globalization
The Economics of Globalization
The Nation State and the Citizen
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper "Globalization has been held up as a result of technological and other inter-connectedness. One sees much reference to progress and to a so-called Global Village. However, when globalization is examined with attention to its political and economic realities one recognizes a close to imperial project of participating powers that gain in ways that tend to benefit classes with access to capital while disadvantaging proletarian and deprived groups. It is argued that globalization has weakened the boundaries of the nation-state but, in different ways, one sees that actually the citizen's position can be very much weakened according to his or her location within nation-states that do prevail."
Abstract The paper discusses the market strategies of Boeing and Airbus and how the EU has assisted Airbus' international performance. The paper shows how the aircraft manufacturing and airline industry are intricately dependent on each other. The paper provides a SWOT analysis of both Boeing and Airbus. The paper concludes that although the EU may operate in line with Boeing's vision of the airline industry, national pride within the EU will ensure that Airbus and its A380 has a presence in its major airports.
Outline:
Overview
The European Union
The Aircraft Industry
Boeing
Airbus
Conclusion
From the Paper "The civilian aircraft industry, in spite of its sheer domination by only two major competitors, Boeing and Airbus, is a hugely competitive industry with billions of dollars at stake annually. Airbus alone experienced revenues in 2004/2005 of E22.3b while Boeing, for the same period, took in 55% of the total market value of passenger jet orders ("Airbus" pars.5-12). The increasingly open and fractured market across the European Union (EU) has also created a raft of opportunities for both these aircraft manufacturers to capitalize on. However, because of the market strategies that each aircraft manufacturer has taken, Boeing would seem to have an operating advantage in the short term within the EU although nationalistic tendencies may prevent Boeing from capitalizing on its advantage."
Abstract The paper relates that, for companies to survive in today's marketplace, it is almost essential that they spread their resources overseas. The paper explores whether it is always in the best interest of corporations to seek-out a foreign workforce and whether outsourcing, in general, is a beneficial course for modern society. The paper concludes that outsourcing may possibly improve the lives of foreign workers, while it definitively improves the prospects of American corporations and harms the American worker.
From the Paper "Globalization is a modern business phenomenon. For companies to survive in today's marketplace it is almost essential that they spread their resources overseas: "By assessing the relative and risks of making or buying, companies can leverage their skills and resources for increased profitability Outside of the United States opportunities exist for cheaper means of production, labor, and even customer service" (Quinn, 1995). Today, multinational companies are more important than at any time in the past. Your typical product, whether it is automobiles or army men, is manufactured in different locations all across the planet."
Abstract The paper discusses President Francois Mitterrand's social policies and maintains that these strategies created a foreign policy that separated France from an increasingly globalized world setting. The paper demonstrates how his policy did not reflect an accurate awareness of the requirements of the population within France and the conditions influencing international relations.
Outline:
Introduction
Criticism of Socialism
Conclusion
From the Paper "Francois Mitterrand intermittently controlled France as the country's President between 1981 through 1995. Mitterrand was aggressively determined to restructure many major aspects of France's infrastructure, including changes to what Mitterrand perceived to be economic and social disparity among citizens from different classes (Brooks, 1987). While Mitterrand's idea of a centrist society was commendable, the strategies that he put into effect suggested a lack of foresight and a willingness to engage in social reform without full recognition of its impact on both the people of France and France's role within foreign policy on a global scale."
Tags: centrist, society, system, European, Union, NATO
Abstract The paper summarizes the main ideas of chapters five, six and seven of "The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century" by Thomas Friedman. The paper refutes Friedman's three theories and maintains that they are one dimensional and nationalistic. The paper asserts that Friedman's arguments are illogical and his claims unwarranted.
Outline:
Abstract
Critique
From the Paper "In Chapter Five " America and Free Trade" the essential thesis of Friedman's argument reflects the notion of globalization and the way that America plays an exemplary role in this economic process. The author continually uses the free trade market to explain why outsourcing of jobs helps the overall global markets through a series of supply driven markets. Friedman is actively defining the way that the global market helps to invigorate competition within American markets, defining a large scale "community" of labor and trade that will mutually benefit both American and International economies (Friedman 225-228)."
Tags: outsourcing, free, trade, skills, labor, markets, competition, Asia
Abstract The paper discusses Austin's thesis that globalization has profoundly changed nursing ethics. The paper looks at Austin's three key health issues of advances in biotechnology and their potential, the demands of equity and justice related to the allocation of global resources and the need for a universal ethic that accounts for diverse values. The paper comments on the strengths and weaknesses of the article.
Outline:
Key Ideas
Strengths and Weaknesses
Impact on My Thinking
From the Paper "Austin's (2001) thesis is that globalization has profoundly changed nursing ethics because of the shift to a global frame of reference as opposed to an international one. We now live in a global community with entirely new issues from the past. As a result of living in a global village, we experience a new immediacy that essentially erases political borders. "We watch war, famine, epidemics, and the sufferings of the poor a continent away 'live' from our homes" (Austin, 2002, p. 2). Such immediacy changes the scope of our moral concern. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the implications of this alteration in the scope of moral concern."
Abstract The paper examines five articles and their fiscal, sovereign, environmental and social perspectives of free trade. The paper is of the opinion that investors are fundamentally concerned with profit and not on developing emerging economies. The paper claims that despite the rhetoric to the contrary, there is little being addressed in terms of socioeconomic issues that negatively affect trade partners.
From the Paper "The debate around world trade is a much discussed topic in the news and society at large. In studying the issues as presented in the five articles discussed, it becomes clear that there are a number of perspectives including fiscal, sovereign, environmental, and social. Each perspective has merit; however the perspectives are not autonomous but rather interdependent and there seems to be a divide that exists between those who discuss fiscal issues versus those who discuss social issues."
