Abstract This paper is written on the role of music in the Soviet Union. . When military action crushed the counterrevolution, the communist leader Kadar decided on indulging youth preoccupation for western culture instead of repression.
Abstract This paper provides a complete historical path through the history of Russia's last ruling family, the Romanov's. The thrust of the paper is that the majority of the Romanovs were progressive and wished to reform Russia.
Abstract This paper takes the point of view that the Soviet System could not be saved. The system simply could survive without a strong ruthlessness imposed from above. Moreover, the economy depended on the command system, but once Gorbachev began to tinker with the system's failures, the whole experiment fell apart.
Abstract This paper takes two theoretical approaches and uses them to explain a recent event in international politics. Realism and liberalism are explained and puts into context the dispute using recent articles.
Abstract This paper will discuss the ways tat the City of Prague, in its history, has been a source of uniting the different cultural portions of Europe over a vast period of time. The Czech, German, and Jewish people are heavily acclimated to the separatism that Prague represents in the European view. This will be argued for in this study to reveal the nature of disharmony that exists between these people and the way that they relate to each other. By the blending of these three cultures, we can see the open policy toward different cultural groups that represent the population of this European city.
Abstract This paper will trace aspects of the centralizing process with reference to social and economic systems in an attempt to illustrate the difficulty, if not impossibility, of sustaining the Soviet regime as it was. As such, it was only a matter of time before the U.S.S.R imploded, unable to maintain either the requisite coercion or economic controls to keep modernizing, nationalist, or secessionist forces under control. Special emphasis will be placed on events pertaining to the latter half of the twentieth century where the powerful center began to lose its grip on the union piecemeal. The focus of this paper will highly aspects of two central problems in the Soviet Union: first, the regional economic disparities; and second, the ethnic and nationalistic upheavals that brought the Soviet Union, already teetering precariously on the brink of collapse, to its final collapse.
Abstract This policy paper, prepared for the government of the Republic of Croatia, is intended to strengthen policy advice on key issues around poverty reduction. Poverty is an emerging concern in Croatia and is a consequence of a number of political, social, and economic factors.
Abstract This six-page undergraduate paper investigates the reasons underlying the collapse of communism in the Soviet Union. The most important reason is national identity; others are economic reasons and political movements. To a degree, Gorbachev was a cause.
Abstract This study will evaluate the experiences of the post-communist states. With the sheer expanse and intensity of the previous Soviet system, it will be shown that, not only has the transition from plan to market been difficult for the countries of East Europe themselves, but also for economists who try to observe progress from afar.
Abstract This study will look at the advancements made by the transitional economies of Central and Eastern Europe and the difficulties that they still face. In the end, it is clear that the transition from communism to capitalism has enjoyed several successes. Using the yardstick of appearances, evidence of this can be seen in the huge steps made by many of the countries, some of which now resemble those of Western Europe. Beneath this facade, however, it is most certain that the re-learning process involved with transition still has significant obstacles ahead of it. This is so for all CEE countries; some more than others. A generation may pass until the battle with the past is really over.
Abstract This three-page undergraduate paper is intended to explain how the four states of Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia came to be ruled by Communist parties during the period 1944-1948.
Abstract Russia is a nation that has been through much social, political, and economic turmoil. This paper looks at how, after the fall of communism and the failure of democracy in the nation, there have been various nationalist and fascist regiments being established. It shows that, although there have been fascist groups in Russia for over a century, they have become a significant minority in Russia's political culture. The subcultures are varied, ranging from the more reactionary ideology of Yevgeny Bikov and Pamyat to the revolutionary platform of Alexander Barkashev and the RNE.
From the Paper "Russia is a nation that has had a history of imbalance. For the first thousand years of it's existence, it had operated under the plutocratic czarist system, which had a major disparity between the noble class and the serfs. Then, in the early 20th century, there was a political upheaval, in which Russia was absorbed into the Soviet Union, a dictatorship where advancement in society was based on party loyalty rather than relations. If one was a faithful member of the Communist Party, then they could get power, regardless of ancestry. This system was done with good intentions, but it ended up failing after 70 years."
Tags: czarism, militarism, nationalism, racism, reactionary, revolutionary, soviet, union
Abstract This paper briefly examines the history of the Chechnyan conflict. It discusses mainly how this war has impacted the Chechen people and why Chechnya represents an instance of war uniting cultures, as opposed to destroying them.
From the Paper "In order to understand a nation, it is necessary to examine culture through their values, beliefs and attitudes. The strength of the Chechens in their fight for independence stems from their national culture. Much of the Chechen way of life lies in their valued belief in ancient myth and philosophy with strong connections to the biblical mythology and ancient Europe. In legend, the Caucasus was known as the home of the Gods, the chimerical ethnic origin of European civilization (thus, the term "Caucasian"). Traditionally, Chechens attach great importance to ?honor and dignity. . . [and the] cult of ancestors and progeny. Ancestry plays a vital role in their social values. Chechens see history as ?the only road where a man or nation passes the lifetime. The road itself tells nothing of the past, only the people do.? This helps to explain why the deportation of 450,000 Chechens to Soviet Central Asia in 1944 under Joseph Stalin is such a defining incident toward Chechen intransigence. The Chechen people are immersed in a culture based on the richness of their past, emphasizing the strength of their national character and motivating their struggle for independence."
Abstract This paper looks at the macro economy of the Ukraine and how tobacco sales are influential. It discusses the trends of the society and how this effects import / export policies, governmental control, and tariffs. It discusses the Alcohol and Drug Information Center (ADIC)'s role in fighting early tobacco use in children.
From the Paper "In 1993, the idea of ADIC appeared in the Ukraine because of the WHO (World Health Organization) conference held in Kiev. At this conference it was stated that,? Alcohol and other drugs problems were rapidly changing the Socio-Economic environments in the Ukraine.? The idea of ADIC (Alcohol and drug Information Center) became a reality in the Ukraine after Konstantin Krasovsky worked in the ADIC Unit of the WHO Regional Office in Europe in 1994. The ADIC Unit of Ukraine was founded in 1995, this is a non-governmental, non-profit, and professional organization has an independent status in relation to other organizations in the Ukraine. The primary interest of the ADIC Unit in the Ukraine was alcohol and other illegal drugs, but soon tobacco became one of its top priorities."
Abstract A common trend of reduction of a state's social policy scope after a fiscal crisis has been reflected in the reform path pursued by Ireland ,and even more so ,the case of Bulgaria. The paper shows that, in both cases, the start of reforms has been triggered by a crisis, and the ongoing reform strategies are being shaped by the different economic pressures and political priorities pursued by the two countries, which are standing at different phases of economic development and integration with the European Union. The paper explains that the cases of Ireland and Bulgaria are informative of the diversity of responses different polities may adopt in the face of similar economic challenges, like fiscal imbalance. While Ireland was able to confront the situation in a framework of a broad political and social consensus, in Bulgaria, the beginning of a consistent reform process was only possible after a reform-minded party was able to collect the votes necessary to form a government. The paper also makes extensive use of tables.
From the Paper "The economic success of the country over the period covered by the first agreement (PNR) was apparently convincing enough to keep the policy to this day. Throughout the 1990s labour relations in Ireland are dealt with via three-year agreements with titles such as ?Program for Economic and Social Progress,? ?Program for Competitiveness and Work,? and (starting 2000) ?Program for Prosperity and Fairness.? The late 1980s and early 1990s were marked by a great progress in reducing deficit and attracting FDI. Unemployment however remained a major concern throughout the beginning of the reform period (standing at 17.4% in 1986); it only began to decline since 1993. Nonetheless now, more than a decade after the beginning of reforms in Ireland unemployment is also fully contained at a level of around 4% in 2000. Active labour market policies absorbed as much as 1.75% GDP in the mid-1990s."
