Abstract This paper begins with a brief history of dyes, discussing both the origins and development of natural dyes as well as the development of synthetic dyes. Next, the paper describes the experiment the author of the paper conducted in an effort to scientifically discover which natural dyes work the best when dyeing plain cotton cloth. The description of the experiment includes a list of the materials used, an explanation of the procedure used in the experiment, a discussion of the results obtained, and a look at what can be concluded from the experiment.
Table of Contents
Introduction
History
Synthetic Dyes Materials
Procedures
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "Color fascinates us! Different colors are being combined every day to add flavor to life. Today cloth can be made in any color of the rainbow. To dye something means to stain, or give new permanent color to. Natural dyes have existed for a long period of time in many different countries. Years ago, reds and browns were the most common colors used for clothing. They were mostly made from a variety of berries and barks. Blues and purples were the most difficult to make. Most dyes were obtained from animal, fruit, and vegetable extracts. The pigment of the substance used is taken out, and a cloth is submerged in the coloring solution. Finally, a dazzling new color is stained onto the cloth."
Abstract The paper relates that people juice fish to enhance sales, to create yet another "modern" trend and to continue the concept of superiority long held by the human race. The paper traces the beginnings of this practice of juicing fish, also called "painting" or "dyeing". The paper blames the dyed fish market's profitability on naive, ignorant customers and merciless businesses. The paper asserts that one must look at fish not as specimens to toy with, but as real, living creatures.
From the Paper ""One fish, two fish, red fish, blue fish." Dr. Seuss was ahead of his time. Who would have known that almost two generations later, people would actually create these multicolored fish? But at what cost? Dr. Seuss was a trend setter and from his rhythmic notion of colored fish, millions of people are causing the untimely demise of numerous fish through a process commonly known as juicing. It seems people juice fish for only three reasons: to enhance sales, to create yet another "modern" trend and to continue the concept of superiority long held by the human race."
Tags: juicing, painting, cruelty, abuse, manipulation, rights
Abstract This paper discusses the Feingold Program that offers a food regimen that avoids salicylates, artificial dyes and artificial flavorings for children with problems such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The paper then discusses the controversy surrounding this diet and the scientific evidence of the harmful effects of synthetic food additives on learning, behavior and health. The paper posits that this is an important matter to every consumer of food products because it not only affects children but adults as well and therefore the FDA should ban these artificial ingredients from being added to our foods.
From the Paper "The purpose of artificial coloring added to food is usually to make a low-nutrition item visually more appealing to children and even perhaps to mask the absence of nutrients. Can anyone really advise parents even those that have children without behavioral problems that the risk is really worth it? If the FDA would ban artificial food dyes this would be a less drastic step than medicating kids with stimulants such as Ritalin. At the very least, the FDA could require warning labels on foods with artificial dyes. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) urged the FDA to ban artificial food dyes linked to behavior problems. CSPI was founded by executive director Michael Jacobson, Ph.D. and 2 other scientists. CSPI has established itself as the organized voice of the American public on nutrition, food safety, health and other issues during a boom of consumer and environmental protection awareness in the early 1970s. CSPI's goals are to educate the public, advocate governmental policies that are consistent with scientific evidence on health and environmental issues, and counter industry's powerful influence on public opinion and public policies."
Abstract The origins of the methods used in traditional dyeing are rooted in Egyptian, Greek and Roman times. Practically speaking, the principal methods of dyeing remained largely unchanged until the advent of synthetic dyes. This paper explores traditional methods of dyeing textiles (cotton, wool, silk) and examines the microscopy of the pigments used (woad, logwood, madder, copperas, etc).
From the Paper "It is a known fact that dyes react differently to various fibres and that their fastness is determined by the particular chemical properties of each fibre. The use of mordants ensures colour fastness but again the longevity of the colour is determined by a complex set of variables. In addition, different mordants achieve different shades and again the fastness of these shades is determined to a large extent by the particular method of application. Reaching optimum results also depends on the correct temperatures or the repeated dipping of the material into the dyebath or even on the application of several baths of different mordant dyes."
Abstract This paper discusses how affirmative action is based not on treating people equally, but on recognizing that people are not treated equally and making a certain effort to improve things for the disadvantaged group. It analyzes the elitist perspective of Thomas R. Dye through his literature, who explains that although public policy reflects the needs of the people, it really reflects the needs of the elite few that shape public policy and that that these social elite do not necessarily have the best interests of the people in mind. The general public may have their opinions, but they are not in power and they are not part of the elite that make the decisions.
From the Paper "It is also important to note that society as a whole has placed a certain emphasis on equality as a good thing. Equality is often viewed as the opposite of discrimination, where discrimination is defined as "the hiring or promoting of applicants based on criteria that are not job relevant" (Daft 1997, 417). This has implications in that items of difference can be seen as discrimination even if they are job relevant. For example, a company may decide not to employ a Chinese person as a secretary. This could be based on that individual not being able to speak English effectively, a criteria that is job relevant. Yet despite this job relevance, it is likely the choice would be viewed as a form of discrimination."
Abstract This paper highlights the issues that were faced by the founding fathers and their fear of a "dangerous leveling" in society. It further explains the problem of equalization of society that would thus lead to reduced inequalities of wealth, income, talents, and virtues. It examines these issues as discussed in the book, "The Irony of Democracy?, by Thomas R. Dye and Harmon Zeigler.
Outline
Introduction
American Constitution
Theories of the Founding Fathers
"The Irony of Democracy"
Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper "Thomas Jefferson diverged from the mainstream in stating a belief in the intrinsic intellectual inferiority of blacks, as most authors correctly argue, he was much more in line with contemporary thought in his fear of blacks as alien and dangerous. To Jefferson, blacks were crudely sexual creatures, and he presented as a fact, requiring no evidence or support, their sexual preference for whites, which was as great as that of "the for the black woman over those of his own species." Such fears, which led Jefferson to argue that the freed slave had to be literally removed beyond the reach of mixture or he would soon be staining the blood of his master, seem to have formed the core of the prejudice against blacks shared by nearly all white Americans."
Tags: thomas, jefferson, constitution, abe, lincoln, george, washington
Abstract This paper presents an experiment in which two types of chromatography were used to separate a mixture of two dyes, methylene blue and fluorescein. The materials and methods that were used for the experiment are discusses as well as the results that were obtained. The results are presented in a table form.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Additional Experiments
Appendix
From the Paper "Gel permeation chromatography is a type of size exclusion chromatography (SEC), where the mobile phase is an organic solvent and separation occurs based on size. (Davies, Johnson, 2007). It is used to determine the molecular weights of organic and biological molecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins. The stationary phase is a gel medium, (e.g. agarose, polyacrylamide, or dextran) and elution occurs under low pressure. The molecules of interest are often further separated based on charge, acidity/bascitiy and affinity to particular molecules. This technique is efficient because all the samples can be simultaneously loaded without deterring the elution process, or disrupting the biologically-active state of the different samples. (Davies, Johnson, 2007)."
From the Paper "At least once a generation, the relationship among state, local and federal power becomes an enduring theme in the continuing debate that constitutes American democracy. The "Contract with America," with its call to return control over many program areas to states and municipalities, is only the latest example. Politics in States and Communities, by the University of Florida's Thomas R. Dye, uses comparative analysis and a political focus to explain the interrelationships of local, state and federal governments that are part of the interwoven strands of every newscast and the front page of every newspaper.
Dye's detailed explanation of the why as well as the what of American politics (xv) provides a context for such continuing controversies as the call to return program areas to states and municipalities. In addition, revised and expanded consideration..."
From the Paper "Berger reports that a wide variety of food stabilizers, which are also referred to as food additives, have been shown to be detrimental to the functioning of the immune system. In fact, there is evidence that the use of food additives proves toxic to a large number of individuals in developed nations. This is because the more developed a nation is, the more likely it is to produce foods that contain sophisticated and chemically complex, synthesized food additives. Those food additives that have been shown to be toxic to the body include monosodium glutamate (MSG), various food preservatives, food stabilizers, emulsifiers, flavorings, humectants, colorers, and others (Berger, 1985, 100-110).
COMPARISON OF VIEWPOINTS
There are several viewpoints relative to the use of food ..."
Abstract Humidification is the gradual introduction of moisture into an absorbent material. Although excessive humidity can prove detrimental to works of art, its gradual and controlled introduction to either the object (direct humidification) or its support (indirect humidification) can have beneficial effects to the object itself and is one of the most widely used methods for the restoration of parchment, vellum and paper. This paper discusses and evaluates various humidifying techniques such as felt blotter washing or the use of Gore-tex membrane.
From the Paper "In the case of paper, the conservator can use humidification techniques for the removal of stains and for relaxing the fibres of cockled or curled paper, as well as, for the application of a suitable support necessary for the future preservation of the object. The capillary action of the paper fibres ensures the spreading of moisture when water is dripped onto a stain. The halo effect, i.e., the ring formed by the circular spreading of the drop, can be controlled or eliminated by wetting the area around the stain and by using dry blotters to lift the humidity and dissolved dirt off the surface of the paper. In the case of delicate materials that tend to distort or bleed when pressure is applied on them, the suction table, which holds the paper in close contact with the blotter and facilitates the absorption of the dissolved stain by the dry blotter placed underneath, is the best method conservators can use."
This paper reviews and analyzes the article "Sex, Lies & Advertising" written by author and feminist Gloria Steinem which focuses on the impact of advertisers in the media.
Abstract This paper discusses Steinem's article in which the author and feminist gives a detailed account of how advertising dollars dictate the ads as well as the editorial content in "Ms. Magazine." This paper discusses the actions taken by advertisers such as Revlon and Clairol when their demands regarding editorial content aimed at promoting their products were not met. One example in Steinem's article cited that Clairol withdrew its advertising support after "Ms. Magazine" published an article on the hazards of carcinogens in hair dyes. This paper analyzes how diversity in the field of advertising is seen as a direct threat to reaching a primarily white audience. This paper also examines Steinem's regret in using her publication to sell products that may not be in the best interest of women by citing the financial necessity in doing so.
From the Paper "Does consumer power really drive what types of ads are run in magazines? According to Steinem, this is not necessarily the case. Although her magazine had presented ample evidence to advertisers that women are decision makers in purchases involving automobiles, consumer electronics such as sound equipment, VCS, and computers and office equipment, the publication had a really hard time obtaining advertisements for these types of products. One of the reasons given is that the advertising industry lags consumer reality. Where women may once have turned to their significant others to help them make their decisions, they now increasingly rely on their own judgment. But, the old perceptions remain ingrained in advertising executives. And, Stinem states that acceptance of products by women is viewed as a threat to the perceptions of the products by males."
Tags: women, advertising, media, ms., magazine, feminism, ethics, finance, business
Abstract This paper discusses the social concerns with regard to salmon farms and how this industry is affecting peoples' health and the environment. The paper describes how studies have shown that the high levels of PCB's, hormones and dyes have contributed to increased cancer rates, birth defects and other illnesses. The paper discusses however, how the Canadian government and farmed salmon companies claim that this research is "junk science" and skewed.
From the Paper "The use of open net-cages for fish farming was first established in the 1960's in Norway and has lead to expansion in foreign markets including Scotland, United States, Chile, and Canada (Open-Net-cage para. 2005). Fish farms are popping up all over the world and are dominated primarily by multinational corporations. Net-cage fish farming has become a contentious issue and has raised a number of social and environmental concerns including how man-manipulated species of fish are affecting peoples' health, attributing to pollution and increased cross-pollination with wild fish species."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the concept of colour and how humans have used colour for thousands of years. Colour has been employed by humans for many a purpose. Humans have used colour to dye clothing, to paint their bodies and dwellings, and in various religious rituals and regal ceremonies.
From the Paper "Color is a concept that, as many commentators have observed is inherently paradoxical: color is at once both easily understandable and yet resistant to analysis, rooted in scientific research and yet shaped by cultural and psychological interpretations (Westphal, 1-2). For thousands of years humans have employed color for a wide range of purposes - from dyes in clothes to its use in paints - which often reflect the particular cultural predispositions of the society in which the colors are used. However, it has only been in the past few centuries that scientists have systematically explored the nature of color and how and why humans perceive distinct colors."
Abstract This paper discusses the Dowling Flexible Metals Company case in which the Dowling company developed with relative rapidity from its beginnings in a small garage. The paper describes how they started out as a company fabricating dyes for making minor component metal parts for automobiles. When it was decided that diversification was necessary, so as not to be tied so closely to the automobile, the company started to expand into new markets with new metal products. The paper examines how the company now has problems that need to be addressed.
From the Paper "The Dowling Flexible Metals Company developed with relative rapidity from its beginnings in a small garage. What started out as a company fabricating dies for making minor component metal parts for automobiles. When it was decided that diversification was necessary so as not to be tied so closely to the automobile, the company started to expand into new markets with new metal products. The company grew rapidly after that and in 1980 found itself with greater size, more debt, and a number of problems that had not been addressed during the period of growth. The immediate issue is to examine the company and to recommend how to make things run better."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the color violet, a dye derived from the primary color found in the plant of the same name. According to the paper, violet flower, that exists in over 500 varieties, may grow on bushes or be found growing low to the ground. In some cases violet flowers will grow on a stem without leaves, as the leaves grow on separate stems beside the flowered stem. The paper further discusses how most people consider the violet to consistently be of the same color, whereas in reality, many violet plants produce multiple colored flowers dependant upon the time of the year in which they bloom ("Violet").
