Abstract This paper looks at the structural monument of the Dome of the Rock through a variety of means. The paper begins with a historical description, a physical description and a discussion of its builders and the society from which it stems. The paper continues to address the controversy which this structure has opened with regards to the unknown function of the piece at hand.
From the Paper "The Dome of the Rock is one of the best known Islamic landmarks in the city of Jerusalem. The work is filled with the religious and historical traditions of this city and is connected to elements of Islam, Judaism and Biblical beliefs. As the city is home to these three main religions: Christianity, Judaism and Islam, it is fitting that aspects of it are indeed linked to them all. It was built on the ruins of Herod's temple, which was destroyed by the Romans, which itself was built on the site of the destroyed temple of Solomon (Shanks 50). Thus, it is a holy location for a multiple of reasons. The original structure was built by the Omayyad caliph Abd al-Malik in the late 7th century."
Abstract The paper discusses how the Dome of the Rock was built to propose new religion and to place it atop of two older ones - Christianity and Judaism. The paper also discusses how the Dome of the Rock was also builty because Abd Al-Malik wanted to build a temple that would compete in its significance with Ka'ba. Lastly, the paper examines a third view, which represents the traditional Muslim belief that the Rock is the place from where Muhammad ascended to heaven and that the Dome was built over it to commemorate this event.
From the Paper " The historical background of the Dome of the Rock may direct us to the conclusion about the real meaning of this splendid structure. The construction of the Dome of The Rock, or the Qubbat as-Sakhra, was ordered by the Umayyad caliph 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan and was completed in 692 CE (72 AD). The building is located in the eastern part of the city of Jerusalem, on the rocky platform generally known as Temple Mount, or as Mount Moriah to Jewish people and as Haram al-Sharif ("Noble Sanctuary") to Muslims. The Dome of the Rock was built on the ruins of the Solomon's Temple destroyed long before Muslims entered Jerusalem by Babilonians. Around 640 CE Jerusalem fell under the Muslim rule of the Umayyads, however historians agree that there was not any kind of the battle before conquering the city and that Muslims entered the city rather peacefully. "
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that the city Jerusalem is one of the most venerated holy locations in the world and that not only Christianity and Judaism, but also Islam has many venerable sites of worship within the city. All three major religions in the world are therefore focused upon this city in the religious meaning of their worship. The writer points out that as such, The Dome of the Rock is an edifice that carries important meaning for the Islamic religion. The building is also however the focus of many different interpretations in terms of both iconography and purpose. The paper considers these in light of the building's history and mosaic decorations. The writer concludes that the majesty of the structure of the Dome of the Rock, along with the significance of its artistic decoration surpasses the boundaries of culture. Indeed, the very fact of its intercultural influence indicates the Dome's significance to a widely intercultural audience.
Outline:
History and Purpose
Iconography and Meaning
From the Paper "According to Martin Gray, the history of Jerusalem itself is strongly integrated with the Dome of the Rock. The city saw a brief period of Persian rule, after which it was captured by the Muslim Caliph Umar in 638. Wanting to establish Islam in the city, the ruler first built a small mosque on the Temple Mount. The Dome of the Rock, according to the author, was basically a reaction to the majesty of the Christian structure, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. In constructing the more spectacular Dome of the Rock as a place of worship for Islam, Arab conquerors had a two-fold purpose in mind: first, to proclaim the supremacy of their religion, and secondly to discourage new Islam adherents from converting to Christianity. In other words, the builders wished to ensure that their manifestation of earthly wealth and majesty surpassed that of Christianity."
Abstract The paper analyzes the Placer Dome Gold Mining Company and then focuses on its 2003 and 2004 annual reports, containing the financials as they were published by Placer Dome Inc. It includes changes in the way they report according to the FASB and in accordance with the GAAP and then describes the way in which these changes affected the current year and will affect the future methods for reporting income and expenses, as well as specifically the value of assets.
From the Paper "Placer Dome, Inc. The following is an analysis of the Placer Dome Gold Mining Company whose headquarters are in Vancouver, Canada. The review is directly related to the 2003 and 2004 annual reports containing the financials as they were published by Placer Dome, Inc. During the stated two years several changes had occurred directly related to the methods of reporting which Placer had previously practiced and these were changed in accordance to the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Changes in these practices not only affected the current year for Placer but also affected the future methods of reporting income and expenses as well and specifically the value of assets. Regardless after the events of the year 2002 no company could allow themselves to be careless in the method for which they reported their company's financials again."
Abstract This paper analyzes media coverage of the Plunder Dome corruption scandal in Providence, Rhode Island, and concludes with an assessment of the acceptability of the media having a bias or agenda.
Abstract This seven-page undergraduate paper discusses the consequences of the British government to spend 750 million pounds on the millenium dome. The issue will be analyzed in the light of political, economic, design, cultural and historical factors.
Discusses the evolution of structure from the 6th Cent. A.D. in the Byzantine Empire, focusing on the Hagia Sophia dome and examining innovations, design, materials, styles and examples.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 13 sources, 1992, $ 111.95
From the Paper "This paper will be concerned with the evolution of the dome in the medieval period. The medieval dome first rose to prominence during the sixth century A.D. in the Byzantine Empire. At that time, the Byzantine Emperor Justinian ordered the construction of Hagia Sophia. Domes had existed before that time, as can be seen in the second-century design of the Pantheon in Rome (Janson 258). With Hagia Sophia, however, the dome was given greater importance than ever before. The dome of Hagia Sophia was certainly the largest and most impressive one yet. Its architects, Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus, achieved a remarkable effect through their innovative use of structure and space. As claimed by the Byzantine historian Procopius, the structure of Hagia Sophia "seems not to rest upon solid masonry, but to cover the space with its golden dome ..."
Abstract This paper discusses the qualifications and experience of a juvenile justice counselor. The writer describes his experience in this position, particularly his work with Developing Opportunities through Meaningful Education (DOME), which is one of the premier programs designed to help juvenile offenders obtain the services that they need to lead a productive life in the future. The paper describes the writer's skills and the positive influence that he has had on this program.
From the Paper "The DOME project centers on education and building opportunities for juvenile offenders and other at risk youth. DOME has helped thousands of youth make a brighter future for themselves (DOME, 2007). The project helps youth focus on a developing a positive sense of themselves as individuals so that they not only survive, but they can thrive in their communities (DOME, 2007). I feel that this is an excellent program and that it has excellent opportunities for professional and personal growth in the future. DOME attacks the problem from the root, instead of simply placing a bandage over it once it has occurred. The focus of DOME is on prevention. This is a key reason for choosing this program as my career target."
Describes example of Islamic architecture & decoration. Brief history of the building, stylistic sources, movtives of the builder & function of the monument.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 9 sources, 2001, $ 95.95
From the Paper "Islamic architecture is frequently noted for the splendor of the mosaics and tiles that ornament mosques, mausoleums and palaces. It is fitting, therefore, that the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, the earliest surviving example of Muslim building, is as beautifully adorned as any. Yet, although it stands at the head of a long tradition of such elaborate decorative schemes, the Dome of the Rock is atypical in most other ways: the borrowed building type is not one of the characteristic forms later developed by Islamic culture; its intended use is uncertain, unlike most later Islamic architecture where function is unambiguous; and the decorative mosaics inside the dome not only reflect the cultures from which the styles were derived but also constitute an iconographic program whose meaning has been obscured by time. In one important respect, however, the..."
Saint Peter's Church, Basilica of St. Peter, is the largest church in the world; located in the Vatican, Rome, over the grave of Peter the Apostle; has 29 alters in addition to the high alter. Interior length, 615 ft; width at front, 87 ft; length of transept 450 ft. First consecrated in 326 A.D.; rebuilt with many changes in plans, among which was Bramante's, which was later changed from a Greek cross to a Latin cross ground plan. After 1547, construction was under the direction of Michelangelo, who designed the dome, which has a diameter of 138 ft and a height of 404 ft to the top of the lantern; consecrated in 1626.
Hagia Sophia, is an outstanding example of Byzantine architecture (Constantinople); originally built as a church by..."
An examination of the 1924 scandal and corruption charges made by Senator Burton Wheeler against Attorney General Harry Daugherty and subsequent Senate hearings.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 17 sources, 1994, $ 95.95
From the Paper "Burton K. Wheeler, Harry M. Daugherty, and Teapot Dome
This paper will discuss the attacks of Senator Burton K. Wheeler (D. Montana) on Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty during the Winter and Spring of 1924 concerning scandals involving the administration of President Warren G. Harding. The first part of the paper will provide some background to the conflict between the two men. The second part of the paper will examine the charges themselves and discuss their validity. This part of the paper will concentrate on the witnesses called before the Senate investigating committee by Wheeler.
The Teapot Dome scandal involved the selling of leases to U.S. Navy oil reserves by the Secretary of the Interior to private oil companies. Secretary Albert Fall had arranged for control of the reserves to be transferred from the Department of the..."
From the Paper "The Pantheon in Rome is the most complete surviving building of ancient Rome. Since the Renaissance the great dome and its huge interior space have made an indelible impression on anyone who saw it and the structure became one of the most influential buildings in history. The dome of the Pantheon, or Rotunda as it is also called, covers a span that was never surpassed by more than a few feet until the use of steel and reinforced concrete much such expanses routine. The scope of the architect's achievement was impressive by Roman standards and remained just as impressive for many centuries. There is some debate over the precise function of the great temple. But the building was clearly the culmination of a new interest in architecture as contained space rather than as external structure. This volumetric approach was to determine the course of Roman ..."
Abstract This paper presents an unbiased history of the disputed region of Israel, beginning with God's promise to Abraham of a Jewish land, 4000 years ago. The paper discusses the differences between Jews and Arabs with regards to their claims on the land, the conquering nations throughout history who added fuel to fire in this dispute, the United Nations's decision to create a Jewish state in 1948, and the many wars that have been fought since then. The paper also touches on the question of whether Israel has a right to exist.
From the Paper "Today, the world's religious axis continues to revolve around the holy city Jerusalem. Three of the world's major religions stem from this city, and all share the land no bigger than a few football fields. Ground zero is a hill in Jerusalem known to Jews as the Temple Mount and to Muslims as the Haram al-Sharif, or the Noble Sanctuary ("Middle East Turmoil"). This is the site that all three religions agree Abraham attempted to sacrifice his son Isaac but was stopped at the last moment by an angel of God (Sachar, "History of the Jews" 63). When the Romans destroyed the second holy Temple in 70 A.D., only one outer wall surrounding the Temple Mount remained standing. This remnant of what was the most sacred building in the Jewish world became the holiest spot in Jewish life. For Muslims, the Dome of the Rock, Islam's third-holiest site, is said to be where the prophet Mohammad ascended to heaven ("Status of Jerusalem"). Unfortunately, they are situated virtually atop each other with both sides claiming rights to the land. So which people should fully possess the land that holds two very sacred and ancient religions?"
Tags: chosen, people, Dome, of, the, Rock, refugees
Abstract During its two centuries of existence as the Byzantine capital of the Peloponnese, a number of churches and monasteries with domes and chapels were erected at Mistras. These structures played an important role in terms of promoting the religious function in the region, as well as providing a centralized focus for the ruling elite. This paper provides an examination of these monasteries and churches at Mistras, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper "In his essay, ?The impact of Frankish architecture on Thirteenth-Century Byzantine Architecture,? Charalambos Bouras writes: "In the eleventh and twelfth centuries, Byzantine ecclesiastical architecture in both the capital and the provinces was mature and self-contained, meeting to the full the church building's liturgical needs and dogmatic symbolism, as well as realizing possibilities in the development of other art forms such as sculpture and monumental painting" (2002:247). In the Peloponnenos in particular, where the principality of the Morea had been established, there are not only the most important monuments of Gothic architecture, but also the most characteristic examples of Western influence on embellished Byzantine church buildings (2002:248). The Crusaders were also responsible, according to Bouras, for building a number of strong fortresses in the areas, perhaps even a part of the palace at Mistras, and certain other new settlements. The buildings of the 13th century at Peloponnesos are numerous and were usually smaller than their forerunners (such as the Hagia Sophia), and were frequently included in monastic complexes (Bouras 2002)."
Abstract This paper explains that, in the Shah Faisal Mosque (or Masjid), one of the most beautiful mosques in the world, the Qiblah wall is very beautifully decorated with glazed tiles. The dome of the mosque has a huge golden crescent on it, the grand chandelier is spellbinding, and beautiful reflection pools add to the beauty of the mosque. The author reports that he was surprised to see that there are not any seats in the mosque, which is very distinct from a church. All Muslims sit on the floor, using a prayer mat, and are treated as equals in the mosque and in prayer. The paper reports that no one talked during the prayers because, during prayers, they are supposed to be facing God and praying to Him; no one made any prayer movements before the Imam finished his.
From the Paper "There is a wall inside the mosque called the Qiblah. This is where the wall faces the city of Makkah. All mosques have the Qiblah. It lets people know that they are standing in the right direction to pray to God. I also found out that the minaret is a symbol of olden times. They were made so that people could hear the call of prayers called the azaan. There is a crescent moon on the dome, which indicates the direction of Makkah."
