Abstract The following paper discusses the inner districts of Chicago from 1900 to 1930. In this essay, the writer looks at the work 'The Jungle' by Upton Sinclair and in the showdown of the skyscrapers. The focus is placed on life in the slums. The writer points out that the slums were dirty, crowded and an ideal breeding ground for disease.
From the Paper "The inner districts of Chicago from 1900-1930 demonstrated how cities in the in early 20th century were places of great contradictions. Industrialization brought economic prosperity and work but the living and the environmental conditions were terrible. The fact, that the living conditions within Chicago's inner districts were so terrible was depicted in 'The Jungle' by Upton Sinclair. For example, when the family was traveling on the train to their new home in the slums Sinclair states, down every side street they could see, it was the same,-never a hill and never a hollow, but always the same endless vista of ugly and dirty little wooden buildings."
Abstract In this article the writer discusses the inner districts of Chicago between the years 1900-1930. The major two works concerning this subject and period were used for this article. The first was the 'JUNGLE' by Upton Sinclair. The second work was regarding the gold coast and the slums. The writer looks at a number of social conditions within the area. "
From the Paper "Chicago like many American cities in the early twentieth century was a place of contrasts. It was a place where immigrants came to fulfill their dreams but often realized their worst nightmares. It was the place where some lived in luxury while others lived in grinding poverty. It was the place in which industrialization was driving economic growth while the environment was being degraded. Written accounts of this period in Chicago's history are relatively consistent in their depictions of life in Chicago. To prove this point two different works are examined."
Abstract This paper explains that the Delaware Valley School District (Pennsylvania) implemented Policy 227 stating that all middle and high school students who seek to participate in extracurricular activities or request permission to drive to school would be required to submit themselves to random drug and alcohol testing; thereafter, Louis and Mary Ellen Theodore, parents of two exemplary students, filed suit to prevent the School District from continuing to drug test students by stating that Article 1, Section 8 of the Pennsylvania Constitution, which prevents unreasonable searches and seizures, protects their daughters and all students from Policy 227. The author reports that the United States Supreme Court ruled against the school district stating that a drug testing policy without suspicion will survive constitutional challenge only if the school district makes some actual reasons for the specific need for the policy and gives an explanation for believing that the policy would address that need, rejecting any such symbolic purpose as an appropriate reason for drug testing any group of students. The paper argues that Policy 227 is a fine policy with good intentions; instead, the paper contends that Policy 227 should be changing to only test athletes and student drivers, allowing the school district to cite the "Earls" and "Vernonia" cases as being more comparable thus possibly changing the outcome.
From the Paper "Another pro for the appellees were their ability to further distinguish themselves from "Vernonia" in the fact that case concerned a "strong drug culture in that school led by student athletes who had a lower expectation of privacy than the general body or even students involved in non-athletics extra-curricular activities." Appellees noted that the District had not even attempted to justify its program by proving the existence of an actual drug crisis in the District, much less within the targeted class of students" (J-97-2003, 7). In fact, since Article 1, section 8, provides greater protection than the 4th amendment, the appellees where able to further argue that "even showing of special need could not be viewed as justifying the sort of random, suspicionless searches conducted under policy 227" (J-97-2003, 7)."
Abstract Modern classrooms must implement several programs to offer an effective educational curriculum to special needs students such as English Language Learners (ELL). Programs will differ from school to school or district to district depending upon demographics and resources available. This paper shows that the several programs offered in the Redlands Unified School District take such considerations into account. The district offers a comprehensive program to start ELL students on their transition to the general education mainstream classroom starting in kindergarten. The paper shows that the students and their parents are offered techniques to obtain the proper education while they learn English. The programs used there, plus several others, are making the California classroom a less stressful and more productive place for ELL students to learn.
From the Paper "Orando and Rothstein (as cited in Slavin, 2003) state that the educational system is presented with a dilemma when it comes to limited English proficient students. The dilemma is this: The students need to learn English in order to function in society, but how much instruction should they get in their first language? English language learners (ELL) need more aid in learning all subjects because they are also trying to learn English at the same time (Johnson, Musial, Hall, Gollnick & Dupuis, 2005). Those that do speak some English may speak it with an accent or in a dialect and thus feel more comfortable using their primary language during some lessons (Lewis & Doorlag, 2003)."
Abstract This study focuses on reviewing current recruiting and hiring practices, under California law and within school board policy, of the Rio Linda Union School District. The study reviews state, school board, and school district policies on recruitment and hiring of education personnel, analyzes the effectiveness of present recruitment and hiring practices within the Rio Linda Union School District, and makes suggestions for improvement of practice.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
State Law, School Board and District Policies Governing Recruitment and Hiring
Recruitment and Selection
Job Posting Requirement
Hiring Processes, Procedures, and Requirements
Selection of Candidates
Screening
Recommendations for Employment
Teacher Recruitment for Low-Performing Schools
From the Paper "Many school districts, in California and elsewhere, have their own human resources departments. The Rio Linda Union School District, however, has no human resources department. That, according to Betty Barker, Assistant Superintendent of Personnel for Rio Linda Union School District (Interview, October 17, 2005) is one fact that distinguishes the district from other districts, and left over from the days before some schools began moving toward decentralization."
This paper relates the history and function of the Illinois Association of Park Districts (IAPD) and other agencies relating to parks, recreation, and wildlife conservation.
Abstract This paper relates that the Illinois Association of Park Districts (IAPD)
was founded as the Illinois Association of Conservation and Park Districts 75 years ago to establish and protection parks and to conserve wildlife. The author points out that the historic "Park Law Codification Bill", signed in 1951, combines all the various laws pertaining to the issues of park conservatism into one single section of the state law. The paper relates that, today, each of the more than 40 park districts, forests, and conservation parks in the state of Illinois has a police force to patrol, routinely enforcing laws regarding recreation, hunting, and boating, and especially the use of drugs and alcohol.
From the Paper "The DNR or the Illinois Department of Natural Resources states that its mission is to protect and manage and to conserve the various natural resources that the state of Illinois can very proudly boast of, and to provide those recreational opportunities to interested people that would not harm or spoil these natural resources in any manner. The Educational Department of the DNR was launched in the year 1995, with the primary aim of the development of educational methods and of the training methods involved in the conservation of natural resources of Illinois. It also was to provide hands on training for those persons wanting to indulge in the various outdoor activities that Illinois offers, such as snowmobiling, boating and hunting methods."
Abstract The paper proposes that a "first view" of the Spadina district is an exercise in contradiction. The paper examines how we are used to thinking of residential and industrial/commercial uses as occupying distinct "zones" of our urban spaces, the development of the Spadina district has been defined over time by an intimate and dynamic interrelationship of these two uses of urban space. As this essay reveals, this mixture of uses has continued to define the Spadina district into the present day.
Abstract This paper looks at the U.S. District Court of the Northern District of California and describes nine of the courts' essential functions and the necessity of these functions in order for the courts to continue to operate properly. It concludes with an overview of the subject matter addressed as well as some thoughts from the author.
Outline:
Finance/Accounting
Legal Advocates and Court Interpreters
Technical Support and Litigants
Calendar Clerks and Court Personnel
Conclusion
From the Paper "The court takes advantage of the opportunity of technology in benefits for users and the court. The strategy of using technology in the court will benefit the transacting process by setting standards and guidelines for the systematic implementation and integration of information technology into the courts. The Technical Support and litigants are to support the Court's administration; judicial function and the way the information are delivered. The use of a program called "eCourt" will be used. The eCourt program has a least amount of disruptions and efficiently deliveries the information to the needed destinations. Another advantage of technology in benefits to the court is the use of digital telephone services and video conferencing for the courts. "
Abstract This paper examines how several challenges face district development planners today and how issues of democracy and decentralization have made district planning much more complicated and challenging than the case was in the past. It looks at how communities today expect their power and participation levels to be fully concomitant with their ideals of democracy and empowerment as provided by the Constitution. It also discusses how issues relating to the nature of each specific community need to be taken into account for optimal planning. The most important element of district planning is community participation. Only in involving as much as possible of the community, can effective ideas come forward in setting community goals and targeted achievement.
From the Paper "J. Norman Reid for example emphasizes the need for community participation in his focus for effective development and planning. According to Mr. Reid, active community participation is beneficial in several respects. This aspect for example results in greater community empowerment. This in turn creates a better economy for that community in that a participating community tends to apply for an receive more funding than a non-participating one. Thirdly, citizen satisfaction within a participating community is greater, as the sense and evidence of accomplishment can be appreciated by all participating parties."
Abstract This paper explains that the District Attorney for Los Angeles County, an elected official whose term runs for four years, is a non-partisan lawyer who works for the people of the county, which covers 78 cities and over 4,000 square miles. The author points out that a staff of about 2,200 people in nine offices located throughout the county handles over 60,000 felonies and 200,000 misdemeanors per year by working closely with local officials and police departments to prosecute criminals. The paper relates that the District Attorney's office is organized to handle a variety of crimes, including crimes of violence, crimes of hate, fraud, and corruption; its goal is to prosecute the criminal and insure justice for the victim.
From the Paper "The Community Prosecution Division provides the ability for police, members of the community and other local officials to create strategies for dealing with gang violence, crime prevention, truancy, drugs and other quality of life issues that affect the community. It is an opportunity for the District Attorney's office and the community to work synergistically to overcome a broad spectrum of problems. In addition, the Bureau of Crime Prevention works with young people to help them avoid a life of crime by developing skills and talents that will help them succeed in life."
Abstract This paper discusses the Bethel School District vs. Fraser court case, regarding a school speech made at an assembly by Matthew Fraser. The paper explores the school's reaction to Fraser's speech, claiming it to be indecent, lewd, and offensive to the modesty and decency of many of the students and faculty in attendance at the assembly. The paper contends that the case sets an important precedent with regard to the future actions a school or district may take concerning similar matters of public decency and free speech, especially with regard to the actions of members of the student body.
From the Paper "In specific, the events concerned the actions of one Matthew N. Fraser, a student at Bethel High school in Washington State. In short, at a required assembly of approximately 600 students, Fraser presented a speech in which he referred to a student government opponent in terms of an "elaborate, graphic, and explicit sexual metaphor" (UMKC, 2004). Not only did the student receive a warning from two teachers that it was ?inappropriate and that he probably should not deliver it,? and that it was possible that its presentation may have ?severe consequences (UMKC),? but it was observed that the reaction of the student audience to its presentation ranged from hooting, lewd gestures which ?graphically simulated the sexual activities pointedly alluded to in respondent's speech,? to obvious embarrassment and bewilderment? (UMKC)."
This paper discusses the growing use of technology at EBMUD (East Bay Municipal Utility District ), a publicly owned water company on the eastern side of San Francisco Bay.
Abstract This paper studies technology used by water companies in general and EBMUD specifically. It gives an historical overview of the situation before EBMUD was formed as well as EBMUD's history of technology use up until today. It discusses the environmental conditions in the area and how they have been overcome with technology. It details several advances that technology has helped make such as in water supply, water treatment methods, and waste water treatment.
From the Paper "Technology plays a significant role at the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD). EBMUD is a publicly owned water company that supplies water service for 1.3 million people that live on the eastern side of San Francisco Bay. It provides water and wastewater treatment for Alameda and Contra Costa Counties which include cities such as Oakland and Berkeley. ("About East Bay"). As EBMUD's responsibilities to the public have grown, so has its use of technology from its inception to the present. "
Tags: East, Bay, Municipal, Utility, District, EBMUD, technology, water, company, San, Francisco
Abstract This paper examines the background of issues that gave rise to Proposition AA, the contents of Proposition AA itself and the proposition's critics. Proposition AA allows voters to decide whether to approve the financing for renovations at the district's nine community colleges, as well as construct new facilities that have been previously launched under Proposition A.
From the Paper "Like many social service-oriented sectors of local government, the Los Angeles Community College District is facing severe financial challenges. California governor Gray Davis has announced $21 million in state budget cuts, potentially reducing even further the stretched resources of the community college system."
Abstract This paper discusses the impact of a Supreme Court ruling in the case of Rowley vs. board of education of Hendrick Hudson District in 1982. The case reached the highest Court of Law in the United States when the petitioners were denied their request for additional assistance for their child who was suffering from hearing impairment. The ruling in this case served as the important legal reference for special education laws that were formulated after 1982.
Abstract This paper presents a review of a Texas Case hearing on the matter of student's with special disabilities and their right to an education in an inclusive environment. Namely the IRVING INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT v. TATRO Supreme Court of the United States, 1984. 468 U.S. 883.
