Abstract An article that is divided into three portions of 3 pages each. Analyzing and critiquing articles from subjects like "Dissent', "Art' and "Merchants' this paper describes the three in a theoretical form.
Abstract This paper identifies Catholic authority in the late antique period as initially interested in the control of society's spiritual consciousness by assimilating the individual into a wider fraternity. The paper explains that a marginal, oppressed, and radical sect operating within pagan power structures, the evangelical Christians, grew to become Roman-Catholic orthodoxy, the social force in religious and secular spheres. Catholicism, in turn, became a target of radical biblical interpretation and dissent that had once characterised this group. The paper focuses on the body, the crucible in which theology, the material, and ideal was fought over, and where religious conviction grew from. This paper discusses the rejection of the human body and its urges, claiming that this was often used as a means of rejecting the social order.
From the Paper "Before doctrine had become formally established in an ecclesiastical structure the mantle of authority did not conventionally apply to the Christian faith outside of its own religious interests. Theological differences over the body were played out internally, with disagreement rather than dissent leading to groups becoming ostracised from the mainstream by those who viewed themselves as orthodox, but were not as entrenched in power as would become the case in later medieval times. A belief of oneness in Christianity is not born out by the evidence of late antiquity. As Elaine Pagels wrote in her book Gnostic Gospels "Nearly all Christians share three basic premises. First, they accept the canon of the New Testament; second, they confess the apostolic creed; and third, they affirm specific forms of church institution. Every one of these emerged in its present form only towards the end of the second century." Prior to the second century the structure of the church and its authority was not set, but open to interpretation. Divergent Christian viewpoints were still fighting over the manifesto that would deliver the faith into the social order."
Abstract The paper looks at the article "Linguistics in Action" where Susan Ehrlich offers insight into the interrelationships between culture and language. The paper then reviews Roger Farr's article "Protest Genres and Pragmatics of Dissent" where he looks at dissent strategies, Marie Annharte Baker's article "Borrowing Enemy Language: A First Nation Woman Use of English" where she discusses language as a tool of oppression and colonialisation and Janet Giltrow's article "Academic Reading" which focuses on the first person narrative.
From the Paper "One of the things that differentiate humans from other animals is our ability to communicate with each in a variety of very effective ways. Of these communication methods, speech is the method that most effectively distinguishes us from other animals, and which, arguably, has been most important in our progress to our dominance of all other species. However, speech is so ubiquitous that we seldom pause to think about how it works. However, some linguists and other theorists have paused to think about it, and have come up with interesting theories about how language works."
Abstract This paper discusses the poverty in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and its implications. The paper particularly focuses on urban poverty compared to rural poverty and the general feeling among the people in PRC regarding the two. It then looks at the political repercussions of the poverty in the PRC and the repression of dissent with regards to the poor.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Two Principal Opinions
Timeless, Ominous Signs
Urban Poverty
'Poverty Eradication' in the PRC
Political Repercussions of Poverty
Repression of Dissent and the Poor
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper "Dissent is alive and well in the contemporary PRC, much done to break up public displays of dissent, in very old methods of deterrence rooted in policing, courts and the prison system, presented to the literate public as ensuring safety when, in fact, assuring regime safety. Chinese to benefit from liberalization are rarely inclined to question what is occurring in the countryside, content to see the urban poor kept at bay. Many might regard the situation differently, as observed by foreign journalists, certainly, if able to recognize the potential threat of millions alienated completely from the economically advanced society, some able to draw parallels between the present and centuries of other Chinese misrule to perpetuate such disparities. As the topic of Chinese poverty indicates, democratization is not likely, any day soon, in the People's Republic of China. Indeed, policies and approaches of the state have systematically pushed millions of citizens beyond the existing political system, far from the ideals of inclusion and participation that might suggest a possible shift towards democratic institutions."
An examination of the colony's 17th Centuty establishment, focusing on the dominance of Puritan beliefs, maintenance of daily life and work and the control of dissent.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, 2000, $ 95.95
Abstract An examination of the colony's 17th Centuty establishment, focusing on the dominance of Puritan beliefs, maintenance of daily life and work and the control of dissent.
From the Paper "The English Puritans were constrained, derided, and bullied by the advocates of the Church of England, which they saw as the source of England's growing corruption. Their theologians, especially those who emigrated to America, "read about the covenant which God had established with Abraham, and so organized their churches on a covenant among the saints" (the saved), thereby producing "a theology, an ecclesiastical program, and a social philosophy for New England" (Delfs 602). The remarkable success of the Massachusetts Bay Colony was due in large part to the fact that the Puritan settlers, for the most part, agreed on principles that supported a life of hard work dedicated to the service of God. Civil and religious authorities universally understood human endeavor as the ceaseless attempt to live a godly life and saw a set of moral attributes that "have the..."
An analysis of three schools of thought in the attempt to define what the American "way of war" is - Idealist, Dissenter, and Jingoist versions are presented.
Abstract This paper looks at three different readings which are different analytical essays on the culture of war in America. It explains how these have provided the readers with different insights and perspectives regarding the conduct of the U.S. government and military regarding the international, and even domestic, political affairs that have significant bearing on the U.S.'s standing as a powerful nation in the whole world. Three perspectives are presented in the readings, which offer opinions that are for, against, or pluralistic approaches in discussing the participation of the U.S .in world wars and other conflicts with other nations throughput history. The perspectives presented are the following: Idealist, Dissenter, and Jingoist version of the ?American Way of War.? This paper provides a discussion of these perspectives, and critically analyzes which perspective can be considered most accurate in describing the political nature and state of the US at present, and why the other perspectives do not fit the description of being considered as the true ?American Way of War.?
From the Paper "The first perspective presented in the readings is the Idealist perspective of the Culture of War in America. In the Idealist version, the US nation and its government are considered patriotic citizens who have fought for many years in history to preserve their freedom from colonizers, such as the British and other European nations. This perspective primarily portrays the US as a nation that does not subsist to war, and will only do so under ?extreme circumstances.? This perhaps can be understood better if an example will be provided in relation to this perspective. Take for example the impending US attack against Iraq. The Idealist perspective on this issue would regard the offensive action of the US as a defensive one, since Iraq poses as a threat and danger not only to the US, but also to the whole world as well, because of the destruction Saddam Hussein and his army can make if they attack using weapons of destruction that are biological, chemical, and nuclear in composition. The effects of these weapons of destruction can bring forth long-term effects on the health and environment of the human beings and other living things on Earth. Thus, because of the "extreme circumstances" the US was put into as a result of Iraq's hostility towards the US, the US government and army are then compelled to commit an action that will prevent Saddam Hussein and the Iraqi forces to cause further threat, danger, and eventual destruction to the whole world. "
Abstract This paper analyzes the Supreme Court case of Goss vs. Lopez. The discussion includes the background and rationale for the case, the District Court decision, the concurring and dissenting opinions, and a concluding observation that due process rights under the Fourteenth Amendment should be limited for students because of the nature of the school environment.
Abstract Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, an inherent argument can be traced through the works of Edmund Burke and those of John Stuart Mill. Burke asserts the importance of institutions and their presence in society. As an empirical philosopher, Mill developed the philosophy of utilitarianism, which bases knowledge upon human experience and emphasizes the importance of human reason. In his most famous work, "On Liberty," Mill holds that individual liberty and reason were the criteria for policy and the formation of the state. Thus, for Burke, it is the institutions that must develop in order to embrace justice; for Mill, it is the human being that is the initial criterion, and the institutions of society are, at best, a reflection of the human being's experience and reason.
Abstract This paper explains that, in January 2001, the merger between AOL and Time-Warner was the largest in media history. It was called a mega-merger and was worth $165 billion, but the merger itself was plagued by dissent and rancor, as chronicled in a number of books. The author points out that, in 1996, NBC hooked up with Microsoft to create the cable and Internet news operation, MSNBC, because Microsoft needed content for MSN, and NBC wanted to go head-to-head with CNN. The paper relates that, in 2000, GTE merged with Bell Atlantic to become Verizon Communications, the largest local phone company and wireless operation in the United States, with 88 million customers.
Table of Contents
AOL /Time-Warner
Microsoft/NBC
GTE/Bell Atlantic
From the Paper "Although there were some interim permutations and combinations of technology and content by the two companies, in the CNBC/Microsoft deal, NBC believed it could become an "entity" like AOL, even if on a slightly smaller scale. ?No money or stock changed hands in the transaction, and the two companies plan to divide future revenues from ads and subscription services.? Microsoft was to bear most operating costs while getting a bigger share of the profits. And, the people factor worked out better for Microsoft, too. ?A significant chunk of the CNBC.com staff in Fort Lee, N.J., will be laid off, sources said. No layoffs are expected at Microsoft.?"
Abstract This paper analyzes what the remarks of Kobayashi Hideo tell us about dissent in Japan in the late 1920s. The paper discusses Hideo's remarks about how the educated people began to take to ideology and how critical thinking declined. In the context of this discussion, the paper also refers to certain events in 1932-1945 as well as changes in Japanese society at that time.
Abstract This paper explains that, although Gamal Abdal Nasser infused the nation with a new, heady confidence and energy during the early part of his reign in the 1950s, his cult of personality failed to create important modern cultural and political structures that would enable Egypt to compete effectively with the West. The author points out Nasser's reign must be considered a fundamental and lasting failure based upon his sustained autocracy that created a template for strong-fisted and undemocratic cultural and political resistance to the West. The paper relates that Nasser did change the Middle East by asserting an ideological legacy, Pan-Arab unity and defiance to the economic control of the West but without creating a sustainable political system, which can tolerate dissent.
From the Paper "Maher al-Charif of the Institute d'Etudes Arabe in Damascus sees the failure of Nasser to transform his society primarly as an intellectual one. Nasser did not proceed beyond an ideology of resistance to the colonial legacy. Nasser failed because he did not understand that constructing a modern state and society required a free society and did not encourage liberal Islamic clerics who reconcile Islam with Western economic demands. Today, democracy and economic liberalism is now tainted with American cultural colonialism because of Nasser's refusal to let go of his autocratic controls over the Egyptian press and universities."
Abstract This paper examines subtle ways of attaining and challenging political power, focusing on the role of society groups and religion. It focuses how an authoritarian regime can quell dissent through outlawing religion, as was the case in Cambodia. Conversely, it then looks at how the use of religious imagery and tradition can also awaken dissent among orderly society.
From the Paper "In many Southeast Asian states, power is often maintained through overt strategies, such as a controlled media and military-supported dictatorships. Cambodia, for example, suffered under the brutal rule of the Khmer Rouge, under the dictatorship of Pol Pot. Under the Pol Pot regime, an estimated two million Cambodians, one-seventh of the country's population, died from malnutrition, starvation and exhaustion during years of slave labor. Khmer Rouge soldiers executed 200,000 accused "class enemies" outright (Chandler vii)."
Abstract This essay will argue that of the judgements presented in the cases "Canada v Mossop" [1993] and "Egan v Canada" [1995] the one that is to be preferred from the standpoint of democracy is that of Chief Justice Lamer in the judgement he wrote for the majority in the case of "Mossop". As will be seen, this judgement is preferable because Lamer is cautious in his application of judicial powers to "override" the legislature, and he applies clearly defined standards to when this power should be exercised. In contrast, the Dissenting opinion of Justice L'Heureux-Dube will be shown to represent a clear and present threat to democratic processes in this country. This Dissenting opinion suggests a range of judicial power that is so vast as to render the democratically elected legislative branch effectively impotent.
Abstract This paper looks at the causes for this protest that garnered worldwide attention. From the unknown man who courageously stood in front of the Chinese armored tanks to the dissent in Chinese moral due to the lack of jobs. This paper looks at prior protests and links a common denominator of reform, opening, and venerable tradition of dissent as the major causes.
Abstract This paper examines the case of "Mapp v. Ohio" which concerns the admissibility in court of evidence obtained without a search warrant and that was obtained in connection with a totally different case. The appellant Mapp sought review of the decision of the Ohio Supreme Court, which affirmed her conviction for possession of lewd and lascivious books, pictures, and photographs. The author of the paper reviews the details of the events leading up to the original conviction and then describes the basis of the appeal. The writer then goes on to discuss the court's decision and examines concurring and dissenting opinions presented in the final judgment.
Outline:
Name of Case
Citation
Year Decided
Character of Action
Facts
Issues
Decision
Opinion
Concurring Opinion
Dissenting Opinion
Comment
Works Cited
From the Paper "Police officers received information that a wanted person was hiding in appellant Mapp's home, and three police officers demanded entrance to appellant's home. Appellant contacted her attorney and refused to admit the police to her home without a search warrant. The police set up surveillance of her home; a duplex-style building with Appellant's living quarters on the second floor. When more officers arrived, they forcibly entered appellant's home. Appellant's attorney arrived, but the officers refused to permit him to enter the house or to see appellant. Appellant demanded to see a search warrant. The police showed her a piece of paper that they claimed was a warrant; appellant grabbed the paper and placed it in her bosom. The officers and appellant struggled over the paper, the officers subdued her, and the officers handcuffed her. The police then took the Appellant upstairs to her living quarters, where the police executed a general search of her bedroom, her child's bedroom, the living room, the kitchen, and a dinette. This search included closed places such as suitcases, dresser-drawers, and a pile of personal papers. The police then searched the basement of the building. During the course of the widespread search, the police discovered the material supporting appellant's conviction; a few documents that were considered obscenity in violation of Ohio Rev. Code 2905.34. At trial, the State could not produce the search warrant; in fact, the likelihood is that there was no warrant. In addition, the search was executed to recover material linked to a recent bombing, not to uncover material linked to obscenity."
