Paper Summary:

This paper explains that the movement for Irish independence began in 1869 with the formation of the Irish National Land League, which sought to have the native Celtic, Irish-Catholic peasantry own the land they worked rather than to be subject to English and Anglo-Irish landowners. The author describes the ways that the awesome influence of the peaceful Irish National Land League sparked two and half decades of radical reforms, which the Irish had tried to achieve through violent rebellion and the guerrilla tactics of secret societies such as The Ribbonmen. The paper concludes that the genius of the founders of the Land League was that once the Irish owned the land in their native country, they could inevitably achieve Home Rule, which led to their independence.

From the Paper:

"Wyndham Land Act 1903 and Birell's Land Act of 1909 further continue the process of redistributing land from landlords to Irish farmers. Both bills provided incentives for landlords to sell their land to Irish Catholics and provided loans to the farmers buying the land. The English concessions were in large part a coercive measure to quell the growing number of voices, even from their own leaders, in support of Irish Home Rule. Yet with each new reform the Irish stepped ever closer to their goal of autonomy and eventually, independence."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Norman Dunbar Palmer. The Irish Land League Crisis. New Haven - Yale University Press, 1940.
• E.D. Steele. Irish Land and British Politics: Tenant Right and Nationality 1865-1870. Cambridge University Press - London, New York, 1974.
• Paul Bew. Land and the National Question in Ireland 1858-82. Humanities Press Inc. - New Jersey, 1979.

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