Pathophysiology of Gout

Paper Summary:

The paper defines the term "gout" and states that accurate diagnosis and recognition of the various stages of gout is essential for effective management. The paper describes the physiological causes and varying methods of prevention and treatment.

Outline:
Introduction
Risk Factors Associated with Gout
Pathophysiology of Gout
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
Treatment for Gout
New Treatments for Gout

From the Paper:

"Risk Factors Associated with Gout
Recent research has suggested that dietary factors may influence the onset of gout. Higher consumption of meat products and sea food are indicated in higher risk of incident of gout. In comparison, higher consumptions of purine-rich vegetables and total protein didn't increase risk of gout. Higher consumption of dairy has been shown to be protective against risk of gout (Choi et al., 2004a). Alcohol consumption is also associated with higher risk of gout, particularly beer and liquor (Choi et al., 2004b). The increased risk is due to the increase in serum urate levels which are observed in the consumption of all of these products. In comparison, the serum urate level is decreased from increased dairy consumption. The high purine content in beer accelerated ATP turnover and reduced renal clearance which is likely to be the mechanism behind the increased risk."

Sample of Sources Used:

• Becker, M.A., Ralph Schumacher, H., Wortmann, R.L., MacDonald, P.A., Eustace, D., Palo, W.A., Streit, J. and Ridge, N.J.-R. (2006) Febuxostat compared with Allupurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(14): 1532.
• Choi, H., Atkinson, K., Karlson, E. et al. (2004a) Purine-rich foods, dairy and protein intake, and the risk of gout in men. New England Journal of Medicine, 350: 1093-1103.
• Choi, H., Atkinson, K., Karlson, E. et al. (2004b) Alcohol intake and risk of incident gout in men: A prospective study. Lancet, 363: 1277-1281.
• Gee Tang, G., Nair, R. and Saag, K.G. (2006) Pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment of gout. Drugs, 66(12): 1547-1563.
• Kim, K.Y., Ralph Schumacher, H., Hunsche, E., Wertheimer, A.I. and Kong, S.X. (2003) A literature review of the epidemiology and treatment of acute gout. Clinical Therapy, 25(6): 1593-1617.

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