This paper looks at how kidney stones, also knows as urolithiasis, are pieces of solid material that form in the kidneys as a result of substances found in the urine. The paper explains that when stones get caught in the urinary tract, they block the urinary flow and cause intense pain. The paper discusses how they can be detected by x-rays and sonograms and how treatment is usually by drinking copious amounts of water and in fewer cases by surgery.
From the Paper:
"Although many stones are so small in size that they do not cause the appearance of any symptoms, there are many however, that do. Individuals with kidney stones oftentimes experience sudden pain usually located in the lower back area or the abdomen. This pain is associated with the kidney stone entering and moving down the ureter, causing blockage or irritation. As a result of the excruciating pain, nausea and vomiting may occur. Some individuals may notice blood in their urine as a result of the kidney stone rubbing against the narrow walls of the ureter. The urine may also be cloudy in color and possess a strong and unpleasant odor. "
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Coe, F.L., Evan, A., & Worcester, E (2005). American Society for Clinical Investigation .
Moore, Michael (1998).Herbs for the Urinary Tract: Herbal Relief for Kidney Stones, Bladder Infections, and Other Problems of the Urinary Tract. Keats Good Herb Guide. 37.
McCarthy, Michael (2006).Kidney Stones: Pathophysiology and Medical Management. The Lancet. 367, 345.
Curhan, G. C., Willett, W. C., Rimm, E. B., & Stampfer, M. J. (1997). Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.