Cnidarians' Defenses

Paper Summary:

The paper discusses the four main groups of cnidarians and their characteristics. The paper focuses on their sting, the danger they pose to humans and the treatment needed for their stings. The paper then discusses how human occupation of coral islands tends to destroy coral reefs, which grow in all the world's oceans. The paper includes a huge amount of source material complete with drawings and photographs.

From the Paper:

"Cnidarians are made up of several groups that sometimes are divided into four and sometimes into six categories. Most agree, however, that Anthozoa (corals), Scyphozoa (jellyfish), Cubozoa (box jellies), Hydrozoa (medusae, siphonophores, hydroids, fire corals) and Scyphozoa (true jellyfish) make up the four main groups. Staurozoa (stalked jellyfish) and Polypodiozoa (a single specie: Polypodium hydriforme Ussow, 1885 - a parasite) may be added to the previous four. Their name comes from the Greek word "cnidos," meaning stinging nettle. Cubuozoa jellyfish have also been called "sea wasps.""

Sample of Sources Used:

• Elliott, Joseph K., and Richard N. Mariscal. 1997. Ontogenetic and interspecific variation in the protection of anemonefishes from sea-anemones. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. Vol. 208: 57-72.
• Fautin, Daphne G. and Romano, Sandra L. Cnidaria. Sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, sea pens, hydra. Version 24 April 1997. <http://tolweb.org/Cnidaria/2461/1997.04.24>. in The Tree of Life Web Project, <http://tolweb.org/>.
• Fenner, Peter J. And Hadok, John C. Fatal envenomation by jellyfish causing Irukandji syndrome. Medical Journal of Australia. Vol 177(7). 2002. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=12358578>.
• Oceanside Meadows Innstitute for the Arts and Sciences. Wonders of the Sea: Cnidarians. Prospect Harbor, Maine. 2007. Website: <http://www.oceaninn.com/guides/cnidarians.htm>.
• Shick, J. M. A Functional Biology of Sea Anemones. London: Chapman and Hall. 1991. 395 pp.

More papers on Cnidarians' Defenses:

• Research Paper # 128448 : "Understanding Cnidarians"
• Essay # 59998 : "Affirmative Defenses"
• Analytical Essay # 149389 : "Types of Criminal Defenses"

APA Citation:

MLA Citation: