Abstract This paper examines the U.S. Department of Defense Intelligence Agency, or DIA, whose original purpose was to coordinate the intelligence activities of the military services. The paper further describes some of the problems encountered by the agency due to its secretive function and competition among other intelligence organizations. These problems are analyzed in light of the agencies purpose and military affiliation. The paper concludes by illustrating the DIA's renaissance in the mid-1990's with the appointment of John M. Deutch as its new Director of Central Intelligence.
From the Paper "The DIA's history is a speckled one at best. Initially it was a rather obscure organization with very little real power. The reason for this was because it was supposed to be a coordinator of information gathered by other agencies, and even though the agencies were military in nature, as was the DIA, there was still a myriad of problems in gathering the respective data from those individual agencies. The agencies jealously protected their information, thereby rendering moot the DIA's attempts at clarification and enhancement of the data it was charged with coordinating."
Tags: Department, of, Defense, Intelligence, John, M., Deutch, DIA
Abstract This paper examines two ethnographies relating to shamanic activity, Desjarlais? (1994) "Body and Emotions" and Taussig's (1987), "Shamanism, Colonialism and the Wild Man". It attempts to show through their review how the literature on shamanism often proves more instructive in understanding the discourses of Otherness in anthropological and other writings. It also looks at what the physiological understandings of trance bring to our understandings of shamanism.
Outline
Shamans for Sale, a Dia(bolical?)lectical Image
A Short History of Emotion
The Fracturing of the World
Magia Pinta
From the Paper "In the late 1980?s, Desjarlais did fieldwork among the Yolmo Sherpa, a Tibetan people living in the Helambu region of north central Nepal. During the year he was in the region, he was apprenticed the veteran healer Meme. During this time, Desjarlais also underwent trance states. He does not claim these to be a photographic equivalent of the shaman's own trance state, rather, he emphasises the degree to which the healing process is grounded in the everyday physical movements of life, what one could term habitus . This is not directly accessible through discourse or exegesis ? rather, it could be thought of as an unspoken archive, of sedimented, embodied history. Paralleling Desjarlais? analysis, this essay will first briefly examine the habitus from which Desjarlais analysis stems."
Abstract The paper describes how, before the Spaniards arrived in North America, there were flourishing communities of Mayans and Aztecs, with a thriving tradition of sun worship. The paper examines how Halloween and the Day of the Dead share a common origin in the Christian commemoration of the dead on All Saints' and All Souls' Day. The paper further examines how Catholic tradition is partly based upon Celtic Pagan rituals.
From the Paper "On the second day, the celebration is directed toward the adult deceased. They are thanked for their protection, and respectfully asked to continue bringing prosperity and grace to the family. The family welcomes the souls of the deceased into their homes to visit. Small alters, called offrendas, are constructed and all kinds of lovely things decorate them, including tiny sugar favors made in animal shapes, happy skulls, skeletons, bouquets of flowers and family photographs."
Tags: Mexican, Dia, de, los, Muertos, Conquistadors, gravesite, Latino
Abstract This paper identifies key elements in conflict and conflict resolution theories from the perspectives of ethnicity, culture, and politics in Africa and non-African countries. The author points out that Africa has been wracked time and time again by wars of all types, intensities and durations. The author then presents several ways that Africans resolve ethnic conflict and reports that, unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of the 1936-41 Italian occupation during World War II. However, Ethiopia has been wracked by a series of bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought and massive refugee problems.
Table of Contents:
Theory
Key Historical and Contemporary Theorist
Conflict Theories and African Policy Issues
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
Social Learning Theory
Social Identity Theories
Implementation of Ethnic Conflict Management and Policy
Community Assembly: The Semai Becharaa'
Qat-Chewing Sessions
The Role of Poetry
Dia Go-Between Mediator
Apology
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions
Public Trials
Reparations Payments
Writing a Common History
Track II Diplomacy
Literature Review
Global Ethnic Resolution, Conflict and Relevant Policy
African Ethnic Conflict and Policy
Application of Theory and Practice on Ethiopia
Ethnic Conflict Resolution and Theories within a Policy Context
Ethiopian Socioeconomic and Political Climate
From the Paper "The native inhabitants of the area were organized in agrarian-based chiefdoms like those of the Bench and Dizi people (living in the highlands) or in decentralized age-grade societies like the Toposa, Anyuak, Nyangatom and Suri (living in the lowland plains). The state presence was constituted by superior military force (soldier contingents with better arms), and by the imposition on the locals of tribute and tax requirements, and the obligation to provide corvee agricultural labor for the northern immigrants. The latter also took cattle, ivory and slaves for trade to the north."
Tags: frustration-aggression, social identity, single-mindedness consensus regional
