Abstract This paper uses works by Ashraf Rushdy ("Exquisite Corpse" and "On Impact") and D.B. Morris ("The Culture of Pain") to show how the authors go about expressing the severity of their subjects. The paper argues that, if adequate evidence of pain in literary writings is not furnished, then the writing itself will not attract the readers, nor will the readers be attracted to the idea of pain. It also shows that, if writers use pain as an attractive force in their writings in the way that Ashraf Rushdy has, a reader finds it much easier to accept what idea is expressed. In cases where writers do not provide evidence for the presence of pain in the writings, the work does not have an impact.
From the Paper "Rushdy's evidence of pain achieved through photography is vital, but he also reminds the reader that the evidence furnished in this way should be accompanied by the facts that are relevant to it. If the photographic evidence were inappropriately made use of, then untold upheavals could result. In a cultural setting photographic evidence has the ability to unleash the greatest of emotions, and thus great care must be taken to ensure that the evidence is not used inappropriately. The precaution is essential, and is so because of the fact that ?pictures of graphic violence still have to power to make an impression.? He describes on the basis of a photograph of a slain African American triggering violence in the US."
Abstract This paper describes and reviews new information about depression presented in an article by David Dobbs entitled "A Depression Switch". According to the paper, although the mental health model of depression has shifted from therapy to biology, this article suggests that the mental health field may even have farther to go in terms of adopting new treatments. One of these new treatments is a psychiatric surgery called deep brain stimulation (D.B.S.) therapy. The paper concludes by encouraging all mental health professionals to become aware of the new findings and treatments for depression.
From the Paper "Depression is hardly a new topic of scrutiny for the popular media. However, an April 2, 2005 article by David Dobbs called "A Depression Switch" in the Sunday Magazine section of The New York Times offers the jarring, even disturbing possibility that the way science has attempted to grapple with the problem of major depression in the past may have been fundamentally misguided. Rather than tracing back to childhood trauma, or even a chemical imbalance, the real root of depression may lie deep within the structure of the human brain."
A descriptive overview of the vertebrate adaptive immune response to both intra and extra-cellular pathogens with explicit focus on T-cell B-cell collaboration and antibody response.
Abstract This paper covers the major pathways by which foreign antigens are identified and dealt with through the adaptive immune response which is paramount on B-cell and T-cell responses and interaction with one another in distinct pathways and steps. It includes several diagrams and their explanations of antigens, B-Cells, T-Cells, APC's and more and their interactions and processes they go through.
From the Paper "All immune responses involving T-cell B-cell collaborations follow distinct pathways of interactions and development. These very pathways of the adaptive immune response are almost entirely dependant on the cellular interaction of B- cells and T- cells with one another. It is within each stage of these pathways and the progression of an adaptive immune response that we will concern ourselves. The following is a condensed synopsis of the adaptive immune response and the cellular interactions that will be the emphasis of this paper. Within secondary lymph tissues foreign antigen is presented to naive B-cells via their surface immunoglobulins (Igs) receptors. The same antigen is also presented to naive T-cells at this time. This presentation and subsequent recognition of antigen by both types of cells results in and end product of proliferation and development of naive B-cells into plasma cells whose function is the production of soluble immunoglobulins (antibodies), and the differentiation and development of memory B-cells whose function is to respond to subsequent exposure to the same antigen. However, this pathway is not self-sufficient and requires the direct interaction of activated T-cells, specifically "helper" T-cells (Th2 cells) 1,9. It is these T-cells in conjunction with the antigen presenting B-cells that interact to produce a hormonal response to infection. These interactions activate Th2 cells that in turn promote B-cell activation both through T-cell secreted cytokines, (interlukeinI1-2, 4 and 5), and also through direct cell to cell contacts involving specific surface proteins and corresponding receptors and the signaling initiated by the binding of these proteins to one another."
Abstract This paper presents a history of B.F. Skinner's theory of behaviorism. The paper then contrasts Skinner's theory with Freud's theory and combines it with the interpersonal model to explain adolescent development.
From the Paper "The following research paper presents B.F. Skinner and the history of his behavior theory. Skinner's theory is contrasted with Freud's theory and combined with the interpersonal model to explain the development of adolescents and personality Skinner's theory is then applied to the mental health nursing field. Findings are applied to a black male child."
Abstract This paper is a biography on W.E.B. Du Bois. It deals with the Du Bois' importance and significance to American History. In this article, the writer focuses on Du Bois' public life. The writer also discusses Du Bois' idealogy and his ideas regarding civil rights.
From the Paper "According to David Levering Lewis in his book 'W.E.B. Du Bois The Fight for Equality and the American Century', William Edward Burghardt Du Bois was born in Massachusetts. Du Bois was graduated from Fisk University and Harvard University and studied two years at the University of Berlin. He was the first black American to receive the degree of doctor of philosophy from Harvard. Du Bois founded the Niagara Movement, a group of African-American leaders committed to an.. "
Tags: Biography, W.E.B Du Bois, racial activist, Crisis, Niagara Movement, founder NAACP, socialist, segregation, Booker T. Washington, Pan African movement, exile
Abstract This paper discusses the influence of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois on the American civil rights movement. The author argues that their outlooks are still alive today in debates concerning issues such as racial and class injustice and the role of leadership in the African- American community. The paper gives a brief biography of each man and his respective philosophical outlook. The author highlights where Washington and Du Bois' philosophies diverged, and their ultimate impact on racial equality in America.
From the Paper "The dispute between Washington and Du Bois polarized the leaders into two distinct sides, Washington's conservative supporters and Du Bois' radical philosophy (Two). Du Bois' strategy of agitation and protest led directly into the Civil Rights movement of the 1950's and 1960's. Washington's philosophy is often associated with conservative African Americans such as Justice Clarence Thomas and the Nation of Islam (Two). "
Abstract This paper summarizes the plot of "Tess of D'ubervilles" as well as analyzing its main characters. It also examines the life and works of the writer Thomas Hardy. It describes the writer's influences and how they have affected his writing. The paper studies Thomas Hardy's societal and literary significance at that time and up until today. It also studies several critical reviews made regarding Thomas Hardy's works.
From the Paper "John Durbeyfield thinks he's found the solution to his family's poverty, when it is disclosed upon him by Parson Tringham that the Durbeyfields are some faraway relatives of the D'Urbervilles. However, it's no refuge but just the beginning of the destruction of our heroin Tess Durbeyfield. John Durbeyfield makes ambitious plans to restore his relations with the Urbervilles by sending his daughter Tess to live with them. Tess would not have agreed to this if the Durbyfield's poverty would not have been further emphasized by the wreckage of their carriage and only source of income. The antagonist, a typical, feudal, womanizer of a villain, is broached during Tess's stay at the Urbervilles. He immediately tries to seduce Tess, and uses all his feline charms on Tess without much success. Tess feels rather humiliated when she learns that Stoke-D'Urbervilles (head of the family), has no knowledge of Tess's kinship to them. Meanwhile Alec persistently pursues Tess. Finally, the lusty playboy succeeds in his act when he deflowers Tess at an incident that seems as if it was minutely crafted. Tess condemns herself for her weakness and tells Alec that she will never be able to love him. Several weeks after the incident Tess returns to her village, pregnant. However, her child dies even before he is baptized and Tess even finds it difficult to get a Christian funeral on just her personal account of the birth."
Abstract A book report on "Lincoln" by David Herbert Donald. In essence, what he wanted to do with this book was to (a) keep it to one volume (there have been studies of Lincoln expanding to 10 volumes); and (b) focus very tightly on Lincoln himself as opposed to the historical era.
Abstract This paper looks at the history of the birth control pill and various steps along its development, as each stage is approved by the Federal Drug Administration (F.D.A.). In this article, the writer covers the period from 1960, when the first birth control pill was approved in the U.S. The writer studies the development of the contraceptive up to the present day.
From the Paper "... the Planned Parenthood Federation of America invited an American biologist Dr. Gregory Pincus to develop an ideal contraceptive that was simple, safe and esthetically acceptable to both husband and wife. Government and private sources donated some of the funds and Planned Parenthood put up the seed money and within a few years the birth control pill was being tested in Haiti and Puerto Rico. The first birth control pill approved in the United States, by the Federal Drug Administration (F.D.A.) in ... "
Tags: ethinyl estradiol, levonorgestrel, Seasonal, Plan B, Prevan
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts two masterpieces of classical music: "Mass in B Minor" by Johann Sebastian Bach and "Symphony Number Five" by Dimitri Shostakovich. The paper relates that, although both the aforementioned works share the accolades assigned to that of a masterpiece, they represent two very different periods in the history of classical music. As such, following an initial analysis of each piece independently, the author evaluates the historical issues that arise while comparing and contrasting the two works.
From the Paper "Bach's Mass in B Minor is a traditional baroque work in many respects; however it also represents an example of early classical music. At the time it would have been performed by a small orchestra and SATB chorus. In addition, there would have been far less diversity in the number of varying instruments used compared with today. Orchestras of the mid eighteenth century would have primarily had a fairly strong string section, possibly accompanied by organ, oboes and trumpets. Although much of the work dates back to as early as 1724, it was not completed in its present entirety until 1749, a year before Bach's death. It is difficult to accurately determine whether the B Minor Mass was written with a specific occasion in mind."
Abstract This paper details the history and goals of D.A.R.E. which was created in 1983 to educate students across America about the dangers of illegal drugs. Today D.A.R.E. is present in most U.S. schools as well as 13 foreign countries and has garnered the enthusiastic support and sponsorship of educators, law enforcement agencies and the media. The writer of this paper evaluates the strategies and effectiveness of this program against other drug education programs.
Table of Contents:
Policy that Governs D.A.R.E.
Funding of D.A.R.E
D.A.R.E At Different Levels
Proposal Against D.A.R.E.
Inception and Sponsorship of D.A.R.E.
Pros and Cons of D.A.R.E. Policies
Goals and Objectives and Future Intended Policies
Changes Made to the Curriculum
Recommendation
From the Paper "The billions of dollars spent on D.A.R.E. clearly cannot compete with parental involvement. D.A.R.E.'s results do not show success. In addition, they do not show progress. We are staring at an ever-growing mountain of evidence representing that D.A.R.E. simply does not work - kids in the program are just as likely to use drugs as children not in the program. Reality does not get much harsher than that. It is clearly time to cut our losses with D.A.R.E. and return to the tried-and-true approach of personal responsibility."
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts two news programs on B.B.C. (British Broadcasting Corporation) radio: "PM" on Radio 4 and "Newsbeat" on Radio 1. The writer studies the concept of multichannel broadcasting. The writer also discusses how the B.B.C. news is packaged to suit various listeners.
From the Paper "The British Broadcasting Corporation (B.B.C.) is the United Kingdom's multi-channel broadcaster airing programs over television, radio and the Internet. As a publicly-funded broadcaster, the B.B.C. is what the United Kingdom listens to B.B.C. Radio has five major national stations, each with its own broadcast style. .."
Abstract In this marketing summary of the B-Mobile German expansion project, the company B-Mobile explored the option to expand into the overseas cellular phone market. The writer assesses the German market and its characteristics. It focuses on the key strengths and opportunities for this project along with the key weaknesses and threats. It includes two charts. One summarizes the pertinent demographic information for the German population and the other shows the statistics of Germany's economic indicators for 2001. After giving recommendations for the future, the writer concludes by suggesting that B-Mobile should seek to enter this market place but concentrate its first efforts on the untapped market of rental cell phones before entering the common market in a few years.
From the Paper "B-Mobile began manufacturing cellular phones in 1994, operating primarily in the United States. They have experienced better growth rates and outperformed their competition in many areas. The cellular phone market in the United States has experienced exponential growth in the past ten years. However this has led to the formation of many small companies and there are very few new areas for expansion. All of the major metropolitan areas have reached market saturation and the business is expected to remain steady, but the growth rate previously experienced is not sustainable and the prospects for new clients dwindle. In order to continue its previous growth rates B-Mobile is exploring the prospects of expanding into other countries".
Abstract This paper analyzes the neurobiological disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder The paper begins by defining A.D.H.D. It then discusses the etiology, treatment options, gender and cultural characteristics, as well as the future prognosis of the disorder.
From the Paper "Currently there is no "cure" for ADHD. Children with the disorder seldom outgrow it; however, some may find adaptive ways to accommodate ADHD as they mature. The long-term prognosis when ADHD is unrecognized and untreated in the adolescent is discouraging: maternal and prenatal morbidity may be anticipated. The actual assessment of risk in the setting of pregnancy and unrecognized ADHD remains largely unknown, and the benefits of timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of ADHD during pregnancy have yet to be addressed."
Abstract This paper explains that, in 1924, J. Edgar Hoover took over the directorship of the previously corrupted F.B.I. and transformed the bureau from a small, corrupt, ineffective office to one of the world's most feared and powerful law enforcement agencies. The author points out that, if most Americans in the placid 1950s saw Hoover and the FBI as icons of efficiency and incorruptibility, the turbulent sixties nearly proved its undoing, beginning when possible F.B.I. failures surfaced in the wake of President John Kennedy's assassination and Hoover's responses to Martin Luther King Jr.'s criticism of the F.B.I.'s handling of civil rights matters. The paper states that, in Hoover's wake, directors are now limited to one ten-year term on the job, and the agency apparently has shied away from the political abuses of the past.
From the Paper "During the next six years, Hoover systematically continued to hone and refine the BI, conducting a variety of solid if publicity-challenged investigations. The killing of an agent by a suspected car thief in 1929 brought headlines but little real change. The unarmed agent was gunned down when he approached the gun-wielding suspect, but agents would remain unarmed and without the authority to make an arrest - they were investigators, not officers - for several more years.
Hoover's special status was greatly enhanced when he first gained direct access to the president during the administration of his namesake, Herbert Hoover, no relation, between 1929 and 1933."
