Abstract This paper discusses the leadership Chief Plenty Coups of the Crow Indians. The author relates his including life, pre-reservation and on the reservation. The paper describes his fight to obtain Crow Indian rights from the U.S. government.
From the Paper "Chief Plenty Coups of the Crow was born in the son of Medicine Bird and his wife Otter Woman. Chief Plenty Coups was named by his father as he had a dream that his son would count many coups live to an old age and become a chief ... of Plenty-Coups. All of these premonitions would be realized by Chief Plenty Coups and while he was instrumental in helping the Crow in battles against other ...."
Tags: Custer, Little Big Horn, education, ranching, farming, warrior, WWI, CrowAct1920, Native Americans, unknown soldier, Congress, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Lakota Sioux, Montana, land rights
Abstract In the post-World War II period, American has undergone any number of often dramatic social transformations, many of which have focused on new demands for empowerment on the part of disparate minority groups such as African-Americans. Many theorists suggest that the "identity politics" of this era challenged the American establishment of elites in business, society and government as well as the military. The paper shows that this challenge was integral to the liberal agenda of the 1960s, an agenda that resulted in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, banning discrimination in employment and public accommodations on the basis of race, religion, gender or national origin. It is the social transformation ushered in by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, with a specific focus on the impact of this and other Congressional Acts (e.g., the Voting Rights Act of 1965, the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 and the 1966 Metropolitan Area Redevelopment and Demonstration Cities Act), that is analyzed in this paper from the perspective of C. Wright Mills.
From the Paper "The 1960s and the 1970s brought permanent, even revolutionary, changes in American race and social relations. Henretta, et al (1997), for example, state that Jim Crow segregation was overturned in less than a decade, and federal legislation ensured protection of Black Americans? basic civil rights. The enfranchisement of Blacks in southern states ended the political control by a lily-white Democratic party, and facilitate the political advancement of African-Americans and their increased visibility in local government positions and elected state and federal Congressional seats. Today, African-Americans hold or have held key posts - as city mayors, council members and aldermen or women, as governors, as Congresspersons and as Senators. Many (though perhaps hardly enough) have been appointed to the judiciary, to Cabinet-level posts in Washginton, DC, to positions in the State Department, or have reached high-ranking military ranks (including a Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Colin Powell). Other African-Americans have moved into the managerial and executive suites of corporate America, or into the worlds of academia, medicine, science, and the entertainment industry. However, Henretta, et al (1997), and Martin and Roberts (1990), as well as William Julius Wilson (1996), suggest that the advancement of African-Americans (and other minority groups) into the highest echelons of power, authority and influence has remained partial at best."
Abstract A historiographical case study of "The Strange Career of Jim Crow" by C. Van Woodward. Racial segregation practices in the South. The book's thesis that Jim Crow laws in the South were the result of national notions of white supremacy, and not specifically tied to Southern mores and practices.
From the Paper The Strange Career of Jim Crow C Van Woodward's The Strange Career of Jim Crow essentially followsthe chronology of racial segregation practices in the southern UnitedStates from the time of slavery through the s Throughout thediscussion Woodward relies
Abstract This paper describes the fast growth of American urbanization from 1865-1920. The writer follows the process of how a city developed - first around a sea port, followed by factories being built. This attracted people seeking employment which in turn lead to the need for better facilities for growing populations.
From the Paper "The rapid urbanization of the United States was not planned but greatly impacted the economy and the American way of life. In the year 1860 it was recorded that only fifteen percent of the American population lived in cities. As technology advanced into the 1900's cities grew to occupy almost one third of the American population. By 1920 over half of this country's population lived in the cities. In recorded history no nation has urbanized that quickly and neatly."
Abstract This paper discusses the history of the 1920?s, a colorful era of tycoons, gangsters, bohemians and inventors. Areas covered include the arts, news and politics, science and humanities, business and industry, society fads and sports. It details the political situation in the world as well as the United States, including a discussion of the suffragettes.
From the Paper "The 1920's are commonly referred to as the "Roaring Twenties", an appropriate title for a decade that did indeed roar out of the Victorian Era. Gone were the corsets and up went the skirt hems as flapper girls bared their legs and speakeasies with bathtub gin dominated the nightlife. Tycoons became America's royalties while bohemian lifestyles bore the twentieth century's most influential era of art and literature. Inventions brought us into the modern age of convenience and history making events.
The twenties began with a serious but short-lived post-war recession, following World War 1. Yet, by the mid-twenties, business and industry had created legends that have become household names: J. C. Penny (the department store chain), William Proctor of Proctor and Gamble, Howard Hughes, Charles Merrill, George Eastman of Eastman-Kodak, oil tycoon J. Paul Getty, William Randolph Hearst, Harvey Firestone (Firestone Tires), Henry Ford (Ford Motor Co.), Clarence Birdseye (Birdseye frozen foods), Charles Walgreen (Walgreen's Drug Store), and Sir Thomas Lipton (Lipton Tea Co.). With the industry boom came the "installment plan", allowing customers to buy on credit, thus causing goods consumption to climb. The business world looked safe and stock speculation gave the market record highs. But speculative stock purchases in an unregulated market allowed for unethical business practices, and by October 29, 1929, the market hit bottom and fortunes were lost overnight. This day is called "Black Tuesday". "
Tags:1920's, history, Roaring, Twenties, World, War, 1, recession
Abstract This paper reviews Frederick Lewis Allen's writing style in "Only Yesterday" and the reason for his success at documenting the era of the 1920s. It looks at Allen's composition style and the great variety of issues he touches upon. This paper also discusses the weaknesses in "Only Yesterday" and provides a final analysis of the book.
From the Paper "Acknowledged instantaneously among the classics, Only Yesterday is a vibrant and state-of-the-art account of one of the most absorbing decades of the 20th century. A masterpiece by Frederick Lewis Allen, the book narrates a time of bliss as well as blight, an era when incredible elevations were hastily followed by heartrending denigrates."
Abstract The decade of the 1920s was marked by intensely emotional clashes over social and cultural values because of divisive issues such as religion, immigration, prohibition, and government corruption. Millions of conservative Americans were anti-Catholic, wanted to restrict immigration from Asia and Eastern Europe, and supported the prohibition of alcohol; while millions of progressive Americans supported religious tolerance, considered immigration restrictions racist, and were against the prohibition of alcohol. This paper examines the cultural and social clashes that existed over these issues and how they reflected the disparity between conservative and progressive visions of what American society should be.
Abstract This paper discusses how the differences between the advertising of the 1920s and today are substantial. The advertising of that time was less sophisticated. Products were sold based on their perceived values and usefulness, not simply on sex appeal. The paper further discusses that it is not to say that sex appeal was ignored; products aimed at women often advertised how appealing they would make women feel, or how they would make women appear to men. Coca-Cola and Palmolive soap are products that demonstrate the changes that have taken place in advertising, both in the purpose of advertising and the images associated with it.
From the Paper "The decade of the 1920s was an era of rapid change. Women scandalized their men as their hemlines rose steadily, reaching the mid-20s "flapper" styles; makeup became popular; and their hairstyles got shorter. Men's fashions became more conservative and geared toward the comfort of the wearer. "Convenience" became the watchword of the day, whether related to clothing, chores, travel, or communication. Almost overnight, the world became a different place, in large part thanks to advertising. Cultural Overview The world was a rapidly changing place in the decade of the "Roaring Twenties." This decade came on the heels of the Progressive Era, which had run out of steam by the beginning of that decade (Miller, 2003, p. 13). "
Abstract A thorough examination of this act. This paper looks at why it was instituted and what the government hopes to achieve with these reforms. Current feedback, opinions and assessments of the success of the act are mentioned.
Table of Contents
Overview of Telecom Act Why the Telecom Act was enacted
Purpose of the Telecom Act How the Telecom Act is working
Opinionated Success of Act Conclusion
VII.Works Cited
From the Paper "The first major reform of the telecommunications industry in 62 years since the Telecommunications Act of 1934, the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was passed by Congress on February 1, 1996, and signed into law by President Bill Clinton on February 8, 1996. "
Abstract The Family and Medical Leave Act has evolved considerably since its inception in 1993. Since then, employers and employees alike have been struggling with the administration of the program and the costs associated with it. The lack of knowledge in FMLA laws and the misapplication of the Act have been two of the reasons for numerous lawsuits. Does a concerted effort to inform, educate, train, and monitor an organization's FMLA compliance responsibilities reduce the administrative and legal costs of the organization? This paper offers the history of FMLA, key administration items, consequences for non-compliance, suggestions for lowering the risks of litigation, and research methods for obtaining information regarding FMLA. Several tables are included with the paper.
Contents:
Abstract
History of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
Background
Time-line and Evolution of the Act FMLA Administration
Eligibility
Entitlements
Maintenance of Health Care Benefits During Absence
Employer Responsibilities under FMLA
Employee Responsibilities under FMLA
FMLA Violations
Family and Medical Leave Act Enforcement Increased
Consequences of Noncompliance
Suggestions on How to Lower the Risks of Litigation
Outsourcing Human Resources Management Responsibilities
Electronic Program Administration
Training and Education
Certification Programs
Online Resources
Conclusion
Research Methods
References
Appendix
From the Paper "According to the available information regarding FMLA administration and violations, many of the lawsuits and much of the legal fees could have been avoided had the companies invested in training and education, outsourcing of HR responsibilities, or through the purchase of FMLA management software. Training and education seems to be the key to the successful administration of the FMLA program. There are a variety of sources where employers and employees can go to get training and general information regarding the Act."
Abstract The paper gives a brief description of terrorism and explains the reason why the USA Patriat Act was enacted. The paper first explains that the Act was enacted with the purpose to deter and punish terrorist acts. The paper then presents a comprehensive legal analysis of the Act, analyzing each aspect in detail, in order to shed some light on its various related pros and cons. In addition, the paper notes that the Act addresses the issue of money laundering, defines crimes, and strengthens the USA's northern border with Canada in order to help prevent the entry of aliens and terrorists.
From the Paper "The Act also addresses the issue of money laundering by defining it as the 'flow of cash or other valuables derived from or intended to facilitate the commission of a criminal offense. Such money laundering activities can now be curbed by the federal authorities by regulations, criminal sanctions and forfeiture. The authority of the Secretary of Treasury stands expanded by the Patriot Act in his ability to regulate the activities of US financial institutions as well as their relations with foreign individuals and entities. Under the Act, securities brokers, dealers and commodity merchants, advisors and pool operators are required to file suspicious activity reports (SARs) as well as reports involving cash transactions above $ 10,000. It prevents US financial institutions from maintaining correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks and preventing their customers to conceal their financial activities by using institutional concentration account practices. Customer identification standards stand upgraded as a result of the Act with special provisions for identification of all foreign clients. It is also required of the financial institutions within the US to develop accounting audit procedures and controls, and provide additional staff for these activities in order to monitor the financial transactions effectively and in a more transparent manner (Doyle, 20028)."
Tags: Terrorism, US Patriot Act of 2001, Federal- State coordination, FISA
Abstract This paper considers the challenges of online contracts and the Federal Electronic Signature Act of 2000. It provides a description of the Act, looks at the advantages of using the Internet and the problem of verifying signatures and identity.
From the Paper "Electronic commerce barely existed ten years ago. Since that time however companies have recognized the significant advantage that the Internet offers in terms of reaching customers managing their supply chains and implementing just-in-time inventory management systems. However the issue of electronic contracts has been difficult from the beginning of electronic commerce. There are many types of electronic contracts that exist on the Internet including credit card agreements leasing agreements and traditional contracts entered into ..."
Tags: ELECTRONIC SIGNATURES IN GLOBAL AND NATIONAL COMMERCE ACT, federal electronic signature act, FESA, e-sign act, e-commerce
Abstract This paper examines how the Navigation Act of 1600 laid the groundwork for what was to eventually become the American Revolution. The author gives the reader a brief history of the political climate in England that lead to the passage of the Navigation Act and its accompanying taxes and details how they came to affect the lives of the colonists, especially those living in New England. According to the author, the people living in New England made their livelihood from the majority of the items that were now heavily taxed by this new law, which lead to them feeling increasingly isolated from England. This Act or set of taxes, was the first of many subsequent laws which placed an increasing burden upon the colonists and led to the American Revolution.
From the Paper "By the 18th century, the relationship between the American colonists and Britain and the British Parliament had as its basis a complex pattern of economic ties and conditions. The fact that the American Revolution was initiated over taxes and economic independence more than any other single issue was no historical accident, for while Britain and the American colonies were tied together in a number of cultural, social and political ways, the relationship (as is the rule between a mother country and her colonies) remained at base an economic one."
Abstract Saving money for a rainy day. Piggy banks loaded with pennies. Preserving the summer harvest to eat in the long, cold months of winter. There is something innately human about our need for security--to have something on hand just in case. The Social Security Act of 1935 was born out of just such a need, when America was in crisis. Although travelers to the New World had wanted to escape from Europe and its traditions, the Social Security Act is modeled on a system that had its roots in Europe. Why did the Act come into being, what did it entail and how has it changed are all questions this paper will attempt to address.
Abstract This paper explains the reasons why the U.S.A. Patriot Act is so controversial. The paper points out that the Act increases surveillance and investigative powers without instigating a system of checks and balances to safeguard civil liberties. Also discussed is the controversy surrounding the haste with which the Act was passed. Furthermore, this paper explains the implications that the lack of protection for civil liberties and the hasty response to 9/11 have for American citizens.
From the Paper "The September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States had severe and immediate consequences. One of the most far-reaching of these is probably the ease with which terrorists were able to plan and carry out the attacks. This brought the government's attention certain shortcomings in the security measures in place at the time. The USA PATRIOT Act is one of the controversial results of the government's panicky response to the 9/11 attacks. It might be seen as an unobjective and emotional response to a time of crisis. Indeed, the increasing negative responses to the Act appears to substantiate the notion that the Act was passed in haste, without the opportunity for sufficient debate and in-depth thought."
