Abstract The author shows evidence that capital punishment is a viable punishment for murder, and that by giving murderers only "life sentences", society is suffering the consequences.
From the Paper "Those who oppose capital punishment declare that no human is beyond hope, that with the right program, the most hardened criminal can be shown the error of his ways and go on to be a productive member of society. The problem with that thinking is that prisoners who commit capital crimes do not benefit from rehabilitation. Millions of dollars have been spent seeing to every possibly comfort for prisoners, and some of them live better than they did when they were on the streets."
Abstract This paper looks at the way in which juvenile offenders were punished as harshly as adult offenders and were subject to corporal and capital punishment, prior to the 1800's. It discusses how the current American system of juvenile justice is based on hundreds of years of legal traditions, some of which are discussed in brief in this paper.
From the Paper "In the early 1800's, people were starting to see children in a different light, as persons at a unique level of human development rather than little adults; with equal moral and cognitive capacities. Several alternatives to imprisonment came about during the 1800's. The cottage system eliminated large congregate living situations and placed smaller cottage-like buildings together. The placing out system placed adolescents from urban slum areas with families in rural areas to teach them how to work and learn under the guidance of a family. Upper class, troubled adolescents were sent to military school to learn discipline. In the late 1800's and early 1900's, juvenile and family courts were established to separate juvenile delinquents from adult criminals. The child-saving movement was started at this time and the juvenile system was changed to include juvenile, courts, probation, child guidance clinics, truant officers and reformatories."
Abstract This paper begins by defining the term "dating violence" followed by the scope of problems associated with the issue. Furthermore, the paper discusses the risk factors involved in dating violence as well as the early warning signs. The paper further highlights the characteristics of both the victims and the perpetrators and what can be done about the issue. The paper then discusses the myths and realities associated to dating violence, backed by statistics and the recent findings by some of the best experts in the related field the research paper.
Table of Contents
Definition of Dating Violence
Genres of Dating Violence
Dating Violence: Indicators
Conclusion
From the Paper "Violence has many forms and every form is formidable. Heated debate and ongoing extensive research shows the alarmingly increasing rate of dating violence all over the world. In order to well comprehend the issue, it is essential to know the definition as well as the significant information regarding the subject.
"Dating violence has been defined in the following manner:
1) Dating violence can be defined as an error, a threat or a crime committed by one person of an unmarried couple on the other person according to the laws/statements related to dating relationship. Such violence includes any type of sexual abuse, physical violence, verbal or demonstrative abuse. (Sugarman)."
Abstract This paper outlines the positive side to the drug, marijuana. The writer claims that marijuana should be legalized for a myriad or reasons: Healing benefits for the ill, positive impact on the clothing industry, the paper industry and a source of fuel.
From the Paper "Marijuana would greatly benefit the trees of the world. "Interest in this plant as a producer of high-quality, sustainable fiber has resurfaced worldwide with concern about the paper industry's voracious appetite for trees" (SunHemp). By using the fibers of the plant paper can be produced. It seems as though many people do not realize this and it is very easily overlooked. Recycling paper could become a thing of the past."
Abstract This paper examines whether or not gender bias plays a role in the courts decisions to convict women and sentence them to death for violent crimes. In order to try to answer these questions, the paper begins by giving a brief history of capital punishment in the United States. The author also discusses some different cases where women were convicted of violent crimes and received the death penalty. The author presents the many factors that were considered when deciding on the sentencing including how gender bias affects the courts' decision when handing down sentencing and how women are often viewed as being victims, as is often the case in domestic abuse, when charged with a crime. The final issue discussed is the role that politics plays in perpetuating how women and capital cases are often dealt with in America.
From the Paper "The case of Karla Faye Tucker has been famous. Karla had killed two people with a pickaxe in 1984. She was put on death row for fourteen years, and in that time, had claimed she found Jesus. She died by lethal injection on February 3rd, 1998. Why such a long wait? If Karla were a male, would the Supreme Court have to wait so long to prove an execution? Well, yes, actually. The courts want a long time to confirm the death sentence on a criminal so they can be precise and just. What perhaps happened to Karla was there were many pleas to free her and, since she was a woman, the court felt it should do something for her sake. For a while, no one had really paid a great deal of concentration to the gender bias until this recent case."
Abstract The paper debates the pros and cons of the death penalty. The paper discusses the issues regarding the death penalty and presents both sides of the argument. The paper concludes that the death penalty should be used in the justice system albeit with restrictions in place. The paper lists the conditions needed to maintain the efficacy of the death penalty.
From the Paper "Those that oppose the death penalty contend that it is racist, anti-poor, condemns even innocent prisoners to death, does not deter serious crimes, and a cruel and unusual punishment. They maintain that more than 75% of those in the federal death row are non-whites (Campaign to End the Death Penalty 2002) and statistics conclusively show that the death penalty makes being Black a crime."
Tags: race, poverty, punishment, crime, human, rights
Abstract This paper begins by defining what cyber terrorism is and a brief history since its appearance on the net. It then examines several examples of cyber terrorism and the unique harm done by each of these forms. Examples given are virus spreading, murder, propaganda and data dibbling. The writer finally examines the major players in the game of cyber terrorism and terrorist groups that are active in this crime.
From the Paper "The FBI defines terrorism as the illegitimate use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. Cyber-terrorism can be the use of computing assets to threaten or force others. An example of cyber-terrorism could be hacking into a hospital computer system and changing someone's medicine prescription to a lethal dosage as an act of vengeance. It sounds far fetched, but these things can and do occur. Cyber terrorism has also been defined as ?the use of computing resources against persons or property to intimidate or compel a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.?1."
Discusses growing private prison industry and its role in the U.S. economy specifically in poor small towns. Social implications. Special interests. Prison construction. Issue of "legal exploitation" of prisoners.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 6 sources, 2001, $ 63.95
From the Paper "The United States has the highest per capita incarceration rate in history and the prison-industrial complex has become a key element of the U.S. economy. Like the military industrial complex, a term coined in President Dwight D. Eisenhower's farewell speech in 1960, the prison-industrial complex is a mixture of government interests and private business. Profit, of course, is a major motive with social control another. The social implications of the prison-industrial complex are profound, and indicate the direction the United States is taking after the Cold War to solve its social problems. The result, however, is not the solving of social problems with better health care, education and services for people, but the growth of a new big business, the prison industry."
Abstract This paper argues that, despite measures like the Brady Law and the five-day waiting period, firearms continue to play a major role in instances of both criminal and accidental violence. This paper presents studies that show easy access to guns is more likely to cause, rather than prevent, crime. The author opposes the campaign to weaken gun laws because stricter gun control laws would deny the right to own guns for protection.
From the Paper "The Glock pistol that killed Ileto is nicknamed the "pocket rocket" because of its power and small size. Since these guns are easy to conceal and carry, they often become deadly in the hands of otherwise law-abiding citizens caught up in anger, depression or other emotional instability. Like Joseph Ileto, anyone can become a target of opportunity."
Abstract Juvenile justice system statistics of delinquent behavior, as compared to self report studies, fail to accurately reflect the extent of delinquency in the middle class. As such, the juvenile justice system purports that delinquency predominately occurs among lower class minors. The paper shows, however, that the extent of middle class delinquency and its varieties show that socioeconomic status does play a role in the outcome of these cases, revealing biases within the juvenile justice process along the way. The paper shows that although many theories of crime have linked low levels of socioeconomic status to high levels of delinquency, empirical studies have consistently found weak or nonexistent correlations between individuals' socioeconomic status and their self-reported delinquent behavior.
From the Paper "Police officers, too, who work in high-crime urban areas are probably more likely to arrest a minority juvenile for a minor offense, such as underage drinking than would an officer in a more wealthy suburb for the same offense whose beat covers mostly white neighborhoods. Likewise, an intake officer might be less likely to arrange an informal settlement for a minority child than for a child whose middle class parents made their presence known and were willing to assume future responsibility for the discipline and rehabilitation of the child. Further, a judge is probably more likely to view minorities as poorer risks than white children and thus incarcerate them more frequently. (Satterthwaite, 1997, p. 68)."
Abstract This persuasive paper provides support for the legalization of gambling in the U.S. It argues that since 48 states already support gambling in some form or another, there is no reason why gambling of all forms should be allowed in all states. The paper looks at the financial benefits of gambling to America's economy and argues that gambling is no bigger a vice than smoking or drinking alcohol.
From the Paper "Gambling should also be legalized because on-line stock trading is legal. On-line trading is the buying and selling of stocks and bonds over the Internet for persons 21 and over. The trading of stocks over the Internet is essentially gambling, with the same outcomes of winning and losing money. The stock market is designed for careful investors who research and plan their buying and selling. With the establishment of on-line stock trading the market has become a form of gambling. Now people who have the required $1,000 to establish an Internet account just sit down at their computers and "bet" on whether a company's stock will go up or down to "win" the trader money, just like betting on whether a seven or eleven will come up on the dice."
Abstract A study on a national level, into crime and violence in American schools. The paper shows how effective zero tolerance policies are from the standpoint of the students who must abide by them. The federal government set in motion a policy that was to dovetail with the thousands of zero tolerance policies in place throughout the nation.
This research is centered on the opinion of the students themselves. The paper includes a comprehensive table of statistics relating to crime in schools in America.
Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Context of Research
General Research Problem
Significance of the Research
From the Paper "In recent history the American public has become shocked by the amount of violence that is occurring within its school system. Students have brought guns to school and used them to kill their classmates. Teachers have been attacked in the halls and administrators have been accosted as they went from the building to the car and back again. Violence in the American school system is becoming a common occurrence by previous standards and as the nation watches in shock the demand for solutions becomes almost deafening. Several years ago when the attack occurred at Columbine the nation watched in horror while dead bodies of teens laid for days in the buildings and their parents were denied access to the carnage because of the ongoing investigation."
Abstract This paper begins by analyzing the historical content in which differential association was created, the various influences attributed to assisting in the development of differential association, as well as some of the people who were instrumental in the development. After the presentation of the initial information about the theory, this paper examines the validity of the theory.
From the Paper "Differential Association has all of the elements that are essential in eventually preventing the bulk of crime in society today. Edwin Sutherland introduced differential association theory which states that behavior is learned in one's social environment from other people. By the term differential association, Sutherland meant "the contents of the patterns presented in association" would differ from the individual to individual (Williams, 1999, p.79). Differential Association is appealing because the theory has simple implications and; if the theory is adopted correctly it will give law enforcement their best tool yet in trying to eliminate delinquency before it ever has a chance to take place."
Abstract The ban on marijuana in the United States began in 1937 with the passage of the Marijuana Tax Act and continued under the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. The latter delivered a huge blow to the medical field as marijuana was prohibited for medical usage. This paper argues that the legalization and decriminalization of marijuana will help the United States financially and medically, as well as help provide a cleaner environment and more efficient products.
From the Paper "Marijuana helps relieve nausea, vomiting and stimulate appetites for patients dealing with AIDS and cancer. A research at the Medical School at Harvard published research in the New England Journal of Medicine that cannabis is the most efficient anti-nausea medicine available (ctd. in Goddard). Marijuana has also been shown to help control both the spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injuries, as well as seizures from seizure disorders."
Abstract This paper is a discussion of the use of discretion in police work. It Includes its "mythical" aspects, considers its sources, and suggests how it might be controlled. The paper creates a list of ten police actions during which an officer might use discretion and why. It determines whether the use in each action is reasonable or an abuse of power.
From the Paper "Peak has pointed to the fact that the law is simply unable to cover every situation a police officer faces and that given this fact there are numerous times when police must make choices about the ..."
