From the Paper
"This paper will be concerned with the United States' foreign drug policy in Peru, Bolivia and Colombia, as well as with the responses of those nations to that policy. The United States' current foreign drug policy is built out of the realization that the majority of drugs consumed domestically are produced in other nations. Cocaine is one of the most threatening drugs on America's domestic scene at this time. Peru is the world's leading grower of the coca leaf, with Bolivia running a close second. The bulk of this crop is shipped to Colombia, where it is manufactured into finished cocaine for North American and other foreign markets. The government of the United States realizes that it must take steps to stop this flow of cocaine through these Latin American countries if it is to also stop the current drug crisis which faces its own people."

From the Paper
"Prostitution is a crime that is often listed with several other criminal offenses under the hading "victimless crimes," meaning such offenses as drunkenness, drug addiction, and gambling. Efforts toward decriminalization of prostitution emphasize the social and behavioral causes of prostitution and state that criminalization has done nothing to reduce the activity, while those who believe prostitution should remain a criminal offense point to the devastation it causes to individuals and the community.


Today, 49 of the 50 states outlaw prostitution, in contrast to other Western nations such as England, the Netherlands, and Germany. In 1959 the American Law Institute's (ALI) Model Penal Code did not endorse the decriminalization of prostitution, though it did suggest decriminalizing other previously criminal..."

From the Paper
"Computer Hackers

From $550 million to $2 billion is the range estimate analysts say computer crime and losses cost the business world at present. More specifically, computer crime is known as Hacking and those that perpetrate it, Hackers. At present, computer crime ranges from a sophisticated level able to breach high level government security computer systems to the more common 17 year old wealthy males who comprise the majority of the low-end Hacker crime group. This paper will discuss the types of equipment and special skills required to be a computer Hacker. In addition, the type of people most likely to become computer Hackers and the rewards they experience from doing so will also be analyzed. The ..."

From the Paper
"The United States is the leader of the developed world and is a society based on democratic principles, wile Brazil is part of the Third World of underdeveloped or developing countries and comes from a different tradition involving military and authoritarian rule. One dimension of social control that indicates the nature of a society is its treatment of prisoners. A comparison of the United States with Brazil on the dimension of the treatment of prisoners will show that conditions in the U.S. are deteriorating toward those in the Third World.


The term "Third World" is an economic differentiation now used to refer to poor and nonindustrialized nations in preference to such words as underdeveloped or backward. Third World countries are generally distinguished from those of the first world (industrialized free.market economies) and second world..."

From the Paper
"Problem


Williams, Shichor, and Wiggenshorn (1989) studied the problems with house arrest, or home detention, and the possibility of using surrogate homes as a way to overcome certain of the reliability and validity problems that are associated with electronic monitoring. They note that the importance of such an investigation can significantly influence the efficacy of house arrest by means of double-checking those signals emanating from electronic monitoring that prove spurious as well as members of the surrogate house providing information as to the activities of the parolee. Schmidt (1989) studied the use of electronic monitoring of offenders through the United States, where the attendant programs are located, who is being monitored and what kinds of offenses they committed, how the offenders are..."

From the Paper
"Relevancy of the Contingency Theory of Management to a Police Patrol Organization


Introduction
This research describes the structure of the patrol division of a metropolitan police department. Further, this research assesses the relevance of the contingency theory of management to the shape and design of the patrol division.


The Structure of the Patrol Division
The structure of the patrol division is first considered in the contexts of (1) task responsibility, (2) task definition, (3) hierarchy of authority, (4) task control, and (5) communication. In the context of task responsibility, the responsibilities of the patrol division within the police department are specific, separate, and specialized. Task definition for the patrol..."

From the Paper
"" Police Brutality: Is the Perception Greater or Less than the Reality?


Introduction
Racial and ethnic minorities, by an large, are convinced that police officers, by an large, have few compunctions against using violence against them. One strong public perception among racial and ethnic minorities is that police solidarity will prevail against civilian efforts to hold police officers accountable for the unacceptable use of force, intimidation, and coercion (Shernock, 1988, pp. 182.194). Another strong public perception is that defensiveness toward racial and ethnic minority civilians on the part of police officers affects the ethical orientations of the police officers (Shernock, 1990, pp. 24.42). Another powerful factor negatively affecting the public..."

From the Paper
" DNA Defined and Delineated
While there are several definitions available for DNA, Matta presents the following definition that would be used when briefing laboratory technologists who are new to processing this molecule.
DNA is the carrier of genetic information. It is composed of two linear polymers held together by hydrogen bonds and arranged in a helical conformation, similar to a stepladder. These polymers or strands consist of repeat units of nucleotides which are composed of a sugar, deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a purine or pyrimidine base. There are four main nucleotides, each defined by the base attached to the sugar moiety. The four nucleotides are: adenine.."

From the Paper
"Alternative sentencing is a type of sentencing designed to alleviate the problem of prison overcrowding and to provide a different way of monitoring convicted felons during a period of punishment. It is also a method that engenders considerable opposition at a time of rising crime rates, however, since many critics see this type of sentencing as too lenient and too fraught with danger to the community. The tensions involved are not new, but as noted, they become more vital during a period of rising fear of crime on the part of the public. An examination of the issue will show the practical and the policy elements of the subject as well as the degree to which alternative sentencing policies have been implemented to date.

Punishment itself is a problem and has been since the beginning of human society. Some people today see punishment as.."

From the Paper
""Three Strikes" at the Federal Level
This paper will discuss the possible effects of the proposed "three strikes" laws on the administration of criminal justice at the Federal level. Among the possible effects which will be studied are those on prison overcrowding, government finances, and conviction rates. The paper will also discuss whether these mandatory sentencing laws will have any effect on deterrence and recidivism.


During the past several years, crime has moved to the forefront of popular consciousness in the United States and the fear of crime has increased, although actual crime rates have generally decreased since the middle part of the 1980s. Among the crime "facts" which have surfaced in popular culture is the one which states that most violent crime is committed by a relatively..."

From the Paper
"Each year the U.S. Supreme Court returns to certain issues that it has decided in the past to reshape, redirect, or clarify with new cases that ask new questions. Search and seizure law is one such area of criminal law, and the courts have addressed this issue many times in an attempt to refine the requirements faced by police in conducting searches, in the admissibility of evidence seized during a search, in the need for a warrant for a search, and so on. In the 1992-1993 Supreme Court session, the Justices returned to this issue with a case from Minnesota, Minnesota v. Dickerson (113 S. Ct. 2130 [1993]). The Court had previously provided some exceptions to the requirement for a warrant for a search under "stop and frisk" provisions allowing a police officer to stop and question a person reasonably suspected ... "

Tags: LAW: GENERAL

From the Paper
"As computer technologies have come into widespread use, computer related crime has emerged as a major problem for society. The costs of these crimes are inestimable. In the past, hacking and cracking behaviors were typically engaged in by mischievous youths. At one time, hackers who cooperated with the authorities received mild treatment. More recently, however, attitudes have begun to change. In response to the increasing prevalence and severity of computer-related crimes, new statutes have been enacted. These laws give authorities the power to respond effectively to hacker attacks. By shifting the emphasis away from the specific monetary damages inflicted by such crime and considering its larger implications, the new laws will result in stiff fines and jail sentences for convicted offenders."

From the Paper
"This paper will discuss the adverse effects of school violence and will also examine some of the causes of the recent rise of violent incidents in American schools. The discussion will include an analysis of the problems created by the use of handguns at school, the role the family can play in fostering or preventing school violence, and the correlation between school violence and other social problems. The paper will also outline some of the new programs which officials, teachers and parents suggest schools should implement to prevent and counter the horrible problems created by school violence. Finally, this paper will show that school violence should be addressed by parents as well as schools and communities.

Violence in America now kills one million people each year, and young people have ... "

From the Paper
"Purpose Statement
The purpose of this analysis is to present an alternative interpretation of what actually happened in Oklahoma City. This discussion draws together the evidence that two or more explosions took place in the Alfred P. Murrah federal building. If such evidence proves to be credible then the federal government's one-bomb theory is thrown into serious question, and this terrorist act would have to be completely re-examined.

On April, 19, 1995, powerful explosions destroyed the Alfred P. Murrah federal building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. One hundred sixty-eight people died as a result of this terrorist attack (Quayle, 1995). Within hours the FBI had captured a suspect named Timothy McVeigh and within days they arrested an army friend of his, named Terry Nichols, as an alleged accomplice. The FBI and ..."

From the Paper
"Gangs in the United States

Introduction
Gangs have received a significant amount of media attention in recent years. Fear of gang violence is prevalent throughout the United States. Communities, urban, rural, and suburban, are faced with finding solutions to gang activity. Street gangs are active in 94 percent of this country's major cities (Violence, 1994, p. 3). Thirty-five percent of these cities reported the number of gang members at between 100 and 500; an additional 42 percent reported gang membership at more than 500 members. There are at least 800 "gang cities" in the United States, and almost 10,000 different gangs, comprised of half a million gang members, are represented, (Klein, 1995, p. 217). The definition of a street gang can change from location to location and from one ..."