From the Paper
" This study will examine three aspects of police administration policy: organizational structure; functions and duties of police officers; and planning and organizing including recruitment training, and public relations.
John Sullivan in Introduction to Police Science writes that the successful performance of police agencies in the execution of their duties and responsibilities depends on proper organization: "It is true that any group of people who band together to achieve common goals must organize or fail. But good organization is especially critical to law enforcement work because of the split-second timing, the accuracy, the care, and the speed with which much police work must be accomplished. Indeed, the police organization must be fully equal to its demanding, difficult and often hazardous work" (Sullivan, 1980, p. 183)."

Tags: POLICE, SCIENCE

From the Paper
"This study will discuss in full the investigative aid of profiling serial murderers and other types of criminals. The study will describe what psychological profiling is, how it is carried out, and its potential and effectiveness. Included in the study will be the consideration of the question of whether such profiling could have brought about a more swift capture of mass killer Ted Bundy.
The case of Ted Bundy is particularly instructive in any
consideration of the effectiveness and potential of profiling mass killers and other serious criminals, because of the fact that Bundy did not fit in any way the categories generally associated wit the typical mass murderer.
That is, as Richard Larsen makes clear in his book, Bundy: The Deliberate Stranger, the use of profiling in the Bundy case, as (...)"

From the Paper
"Alcoholism is a serious disease, which affects not only the alcoholic, but his family as well. The American Medical Association; the World Health Organization; the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare; the American Psychiatric Association; and others consider alcoholism
to be a disease.

A report of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse
to the United States Congress in 1981 revealed the following:
1. Alcohol related automobile accidents cost
California residents $825 million annually.
2. Health and medical bills for alcohol related
problems cost Californians over $2 billion annually.
3. Of California's 24 million plus population more than 1.5 million have a significant drinking problem, each one (...)"

Tags: ALCOHOL

From the Paper
"This study will analyze the crime theory of labeling, discussing labeling in terms of its applicability to the behavior of criminals. The study will also consider how labeling relates to my own perception of crimes.
The question of labeling is the question of who defines what crime is and what a criminal is. Labeling essentially has to do with a person becoming what he is perceived as being. If the child steals a toy and is told that he has made a mistake and that he should not do it again, he will be more likely to avoid further criminal activity than if he were to be grabbed by the back of the neck, thrown into jail or juvenile hall, and called ("labeled") a criminal.
Hart, Corrier and Binder express the socio-psychological
view when they write that "There is no such thing as right and (...)"

From the Paper
" In 1976, researchers at the University of New Hampshire interviewed more than 2,000 families as part of a national study into family violence (Queijo, 1987, p. 103). Twenty-eight percent of the couples surveyed reported that violent acts had occurred at some point during their marriages, and because family violence is considered shameful and there is a tendency to whitewash or not report incidents, it was estimated that the actual percentage of marriages in which physical abuse takes place is 50 to 60 percent (Queijo, 1987, p. 103). In other studies, researchers have pinpointed a number of factors that may lead to or aggravate marital violence. They have suggested approaches that counselors and society as a whole may take to reduce its incidence.

Researchers have suggested that married couples are prone to (...)"

Tags: FAMILY

From the Paper
"Gun control is necessary because guns are responsible for a high percentage of the murders that occur in the United States. In countries such as England, where guns are less available, the murder rate is a fraction that of the United States. Guns bought for personal protection are often used to kill family and friends. Humans are a species with a violent nature that needs to be controlled. As the United States becomes an armed camp, people are actually less safe, as criminals find it that much easier to obtain guns for use in robberies and drive-by shootings. The anti-gun control groups like the National Rifle Association can be defeated by courageous state legislatures, like in Maryland, where a state commission will determine what (...)"

From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to examine the problem of jail crowding in the United States, look at suggested solutions to the problem, its causes, dangers, legalities and the like, and examine emergency measures and other aspects.

Jail crowding is a complex issue that demands immediate attention and brave solutions. Unfortunately, our knowledge of the problem lags behind the problem itself. And as with so many difficulties that rise from public institutions, jail crowding cannot be assigned to one cause or remedied by one solution. Nor can crowding's cause and effect in one jail in one locale be compared with confidence to another jail somewhere across the country; indeed, in some cases comparisons cannot be made even across the state.

In addition to the diversity of the jails themselves, there ... "

From the Paper
"Cocaine, despite its relatively high cost to the consumer, is rapidly becoming the preferred drug of an increasing number of affluent drug-users in North and South America and in Europe. The increased production of cocaine and a reduction in market price have enabled a much larger number of people to have access to it. As a consequence, the use of cocaine has spread to Europe and many other countries, making it an international problem. There is no doubt about the seriousness of the problems of cocaine use. Free-base smoking, sniffing, and intravenous injection of cocaine hydrochloride are known to be extremely dangerous habits. Besides the host of physical and psychological effects that cocaine has on the human body, there are the innumerous dangers of the legal and social nature that can endanger the social standing of the cocaine user. "

From the Paper
"Crime committed in America by people under eighteen years of age is increasing at an alarming rate. Further, the level of violent crimes, where assault and/or murder is involved also is increasing. The reasons for this are many, ranging from such contemporary problems as drugs, one-parent homes, television's influence, poverty and racial prejudices. The purpose of this paper will to be examine the rising rate of juvenile crime, including a look at the causes, the effect on the public and society's reaction.

The FBI crime count for 1986-which showed an unexpected 12 percent rise in violent crime reports nationwide--said that nearly one in ten accused murderers are under the age of eighteen. Between 1983 and 1987, arrests of those over eighteen for murder jumped 22.2 percent while ... "

From the Paper
"The development of modern public administration begins with the bureaucratic theory of Weber and extends to the present day, and different writers have offered a variety of perspectives on these developments, their origins and sources, and the nature of the contributions made by different theorists. They have also considered the issue in terms of specific administrative dimensions and processes. ... consider the historical development of the field of public administration and show how the different elements in the field were elucidated by theorists over the past century. Of necessity, each also shows how these different perspectives contributed to practical application, though Stillman is more interested in examining specifics in the field and in how public administration copes with goals and problems today."

From the Paper
"In recent years, plea bargaining has been used with increased frequency in the American courts. The proponents of this practice argue that it expedites cases. Because the criminal justice system is overloaded, it is claimed that plea bargaining is necessary in order to reduce the case load. However, in principle, plea bargaining is a dangerous practice as it relates to the individual. Instead of seeking to determine the true guilt or innocence of an accused criminal, plea bargaining simply trades an easy penalty for an admission of guilt. In this way, it encourages unequal treatment of defendants. Instead of imposing a standard punishment for a crime, plea bargaining is concerned with simply negotiating a guilty plea and thereby getting the case through the courts as soon as possible. Furthermore, plea bargaining provides unequal treatment because ... "

From the Paper
"Law enforcement has traditionally been a male-dominated profession. Prior to the late nineteenth century, women were occasionally hired to work in jails; however, even then they "did little more than carry the key and dish up food". In the late nineteenth century, various police departments throughout the United States began hiring women. However, the only positions made available to women at that time were those "jobs that would free male officers for street duty and jobs that were better suited for a woman than a man". Thus, the women were delegated either to clerical jobs or to positions where they worked only with other women or with youthful suspects. In 1910, in Los Angeles, Alice Wells became the first woman in America to be sworn in as an actual police officer."

From the Paper
"The death penalty has become a topic of serious controversy in recent years. In particular, debate has been made over whether or not the death penalty is an appropriate punishment for severe crimes such as murder. Although the topic has been the subject of recent debate, it is interesting to note that the basic opinions on both sides of the argument date back to ancient times. The two philosophical theories which support the death penalty are known as the "retribution theory" and the "utilitarian theory." The retribution theory is based on the idea that criminals deserve to be punished in a manner which reflects the severity of their crimes. According to this viewpoint, a person who commits murder deserves to have his or her own life taken in return. The utilitarian view, on the other hand, is based on the idea that punishment should be used as a means for ... "

From the Paper
"This paper will be concerned with the United States' foreign drug policy in Peru, Bolivia and Colombia, as well as with the responses of those nations to that policy. The United States' current foreign drug policy is built out of the realization that the majority of drugs consumed domestically are produced in other nations. Cocaine is one of the most threatening drugs on America's domestic scene at this time. Peru is the world's leading grower of the coca leaf, with Bolivia running a close second. The bulk of this crop is shipped to Colombia, where it is manufactured into finished cocaine for North American and other foreign markets. The government of the United States realizes that it must take steps to stop this flow of cocaine through these Latin American countries if it is to also stop the current drug crisis which faces its own people."

From the Paper
"Prostitution is a crime that is often listed with several other criminal offenses under the hading "victimless crimes," meaning such offenses as drunkenness, drug addiction, and gambling. Efforts toward decriminalization of prostitution emphasize the social and behavioral causes of prostitution and state that criminalization has done nothing to reduce the activity, while those who believe prostitution should remain a criminal offense point to the devastation it causes to individuals and the community.


Today, 49 of the 50 states outlaw prostitution, in contrast to other Western nations such as England, the Netherlands, and Germany. In 1959 the American Law Institute's (ALI) Model Penal Code did not endorse the decriminalization of prostitution, though it did suggest decriminalizing other previously criminal..."