Abstract A research proposal to determine if the justice system fails to rehabilitate offenders. Examines recidivism, stigmatization and at-risk youths.
From the Paper "The Effects of the Criminal Justice System on Criminal Behavior:
Are Youthful Minor Offenders Condemned for Life?
I. Statement of the Problem
Recidivism is the propensity of persons convicted of criminal behavior to continue and even expand that behavior after leaving the care of the criminal justice system. Recidivism rates of up to 90% have been reported (Brier, 1994, 215). Thus, prior involvement with crime is often the single best predictor of future involvement with crime. The unanswered question, however, is whether past criminal behavior alone is the major culprit, or whether there is an intervening variable that enhances the potential for future crime. There is evidence that the criminal justice system is little more than a crime ..."
Abstract This study examines various aspects of the criminal justice system's response to juvenile delinquency. First, the question of whether blacks and whites are treated differently by that system is assessed
From the Paper "Abstract
This study examines various aspects of the criminal justice system's response to juvenile delinquency. First, the question of whether blacks and whites are treated differently by that system is assessed. Differences in the level and types of delinquent behavior engaged in by black and white youths are examined, as are differences in the types of punishments given to black and white juvenile offenders. Also, the question of whether the criminal justice system (as currently composed) actually serves as little more than a "criminal academy," is examined. The dependent variables for the first two questions are levels of delinquency and severity of response by authority to delinquent behavior. The independent variables for these questions is race of the offender. The dependent variable for the third question is ..."
Abstract In Jonesboro, AR, two boys, ages 11 and 13, set off their school's fire alarm and shot classmates and teachers as they emptied into the schoolyard. Four were killed and 11 wounded. In Springfield, OR, a 15-year-old opened fire in his school cafeteria, killing two and injuring 23.
From the Paper "Causes of Violence in Schools
In Jonesboro, AR, two boys, ages 11 and 13, set off their school's fire alarm and shot classmates and teachers as they emptied into the schoolyard. Four were killed and 11 wounded. In Springfield, OR, a 15-year-old opened fire in his school cafeteria, killing two and injuring 23. His parents were found dead at home. In Pearl, MS, a 16-year-old killed his mother with a butcher knife and then headed off to school where he shot and killed his ex-girlfriend and another female student. In Paducah, KY, a 14-year-old opened fire on his school prayer group, killing three female students and wounding five others.
This spate of killings has struck horror in the hearts of ..."
Sexual harassment can undermine the effectiveness of school systems. This is a problem that administrators must take seriously. The best way to prevent violence in the school is to teach children how to resolve conflicts and express anger. This requires changing their beliefs, attitudes and behaviors.
According to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), sexual harassment is a form of sexual discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (OEEO, 1992, p. 1). Additionally, "victims of sexual harassment and other forms of sex discrimination in schools may sue for monetary damages" under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, which "prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender in schools and colleges that receive federal funding" (Lumsden, 1992, ..."
This research paper discusses the nature and incidence of hate crimes in the United States and laws which have been enacted or proposed to deal with them. Although the evidence is not conclusive that the number of hate crimes has actually increased in recent decades, their frequency suggests that racial, ethnic and other minorities have been threatened by them. The response has been a rash of legislation at state and federal levels, much of which is of questionable effectiveness. This legislation should be understood as being an outlet for society's frustration with hate crimes and as an exercise in political symbolism rather than as a serious attempt to deal with the underlying problems involved."
Abstract Jack Katz, in Seductions of Crime, explores the evil of crime as if it were a realm, with its almost sacred aspects, starkly opposed to religion, but at the same time with startling similarities. Katz sees much criminality not as a result of economic need, which most sociologists would argue, but as something more existential, more associated with the transcendent aspect of power, as if criminals were trying to be god-like in their behavior.
From the Paper "Jack Katz, in Seductions of Crime, explores the evil of crime as if it were a realm, with its almost sacred aspects, starkly opposed to religion, but at the same time with startling similarities. Katz sees much criminality not as a result of economic need, which most sociologists would argue, but as something more existential, more associated with the transcendent aspect of power, as if criminals were trying to be god-like in their behavior. The author is aware of the sometimes shocking nature of his study, but he will not be deterred. He claims to seek to understand the criminal mind and personality as objectively as possible, but the reader cannot avoid feeling that Katz's objectivity verges almost on admiration at times, or at least appreciation for the criminal mind, personality and behavior."
A reviews of the journalist/ex-convict's autobiography, focusing on his rehabilitation and relating it to theories on effective parole and community corrections.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, 2000, $ 47.95
From the Paper "Journalist Nathan McCall can be considered one of the lucky ones. In his autobiography, entitled Makes Me Wanna Holler, McCall recounts a life filled with terrible events and a happy ending in which he was able to get out of prison on parole and, unlike most young black men in America, escape the trap of recidivism and re-make his own life. But any happy ending to a story like McCall's is, at best, bittersweet. His experience with parole and the difficulties that exist for, or are put in the way of, those who need to reinvent themselves nearly overwhelmed him. But, as with so many of his experiences, McCall realizes that although he managed to defeat the effects of America's systemic racism in his fight against a parole system designed to help young black men right back into prison, the system and its motivating prejudices continue. Most of the men..."
Abstract Community policing has become a significant area of focus in police work in recent years as urban and suburban departments have fought increasing levels of crime. The effect of community policing has largely been positive, with crime rates reduced substantially in some areas (New York City, for example) and with positive reactions from both law enforcement agencies and the public at large.
From the Paper "Community policing has become a significant area of focus in police work in recent years as urban and suburban departments have fought increasing levels of crime. The effect of community policing has largely been positive, with crime rates reduced substantially in some areas (New York City, for example) and with positive reactions from both law enforcement agencies and the public at large. Despite the progress that has been made, critics charge that community policing is a vague concept that can encompass everything from merely hiring additional officers to having officers take a proactive role in preventing crime rather than simply reacting to it. Some have proposed that total quality management (TQM), a tool used in industry, can be applied to law enforcement in general, and to community policing in particular. This research..."
From the Paper " Introduction
According to Aronson, Wilson and Akert (1998), there are approximately 500,000 police officers in the United States plus 220,000 support employees. The police are citizen's first link with America's criminal justice system and although they should be free of ethnic or racial bias, Aronson, Wilson and Akert report that many police officers throughout the country hold prejudicial views of ethnic minorities. Here, prejudicial views are defined as consisting of: a) a sense of being superior to members of a minority group; b) feelings that minorities are by their nature different or alien; c) a sense that dominant group members have proprietary claims on privilege, power and prestige; and d) a fear and suspicion that members of the minority have designs on dominant group benefits. "
A research proposal to determine how perceptions of rehabilitation priorities differ among inmates, correctional officers & human services staff. Includes background, review of literature and a description of the proposed study.
9,000 words (approx. 36 pages), 35 sources, 2000, $ 135.95
From the Paper "Chapter I
Nature Of The Study
Background
According to the Citizens United For The Rehabilitation of Errants (CURE) (1998), there are approximately 1.7 million persons in American prisons and jails, a figure that is dramatically up from the 744,000 inmates that were in American jails and prisons in 1985. This increase is said to be the equivalent of 1,075 more inmates each week.
Moreover, CURE (1998) reports that the United States now incarcerates at least six times as many people, per 100,000 population, as most civilized countries. England, France, Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Norway, and Japan all incarcerate only between 37 and 100 persons per 100,000. The..."
An analysis of the junk-bond trader's behavior in terms of sociologist Robert K. Nerton's theory of deviance, focusing on Milken's autocratic, defiant, ritualistic and innovative leadership style.
2,700 words (approx. 10.8 pages), 10 sources, 2000, $ 95.95
From the Paper "This research will examine Michael Milken's white-collar crimes and corporate deviance in terms of sociologist Robert K. Merton's theory of deviance. The research will set forth the context in which Milken's behavior patterns lend themselves to analysis from Merton's perspective and then discuss how shifts in Milken's behavior since the exposure of his white-collar crime can be explained by Merton's views.
Merton's conception of deviance is structured around the relationship between individual wants and needs on one hand and the ability to fulfill those wants, needs, and dreams on the other. According to Merton (25ff), the venue for fulfillment is society, and its class structure, institutions, cultural norms, and the position of the individual within the whole may facilitate, prevent, or retard fulfillment. Man, says Merton..."
Abstract Compares organized crime from a historical perspective to "modern" white collar and cyber crime today. Shows how crime has evolved over the years and the effects it has had on society. Explains how people now see crime as a given and as an accepted part of the social order. Discusses how organized crime and syndicates continue to flourish.
From the Paper "The effects of Crime on society and on a country cannot be easily explained or evaluated. The ill effects of organized crime have invaded almost all levels of society in most countries around the world. The Italian Mafia, organized crime in the United States, Russian Organized Crime (ROC), Chinese Crime Groups in North America (Tongs, Gangs, and Triads), the Japanese Yakuza, the South American Cartels, and outlaw motorcycle gangs are some of the few well organized and established crime organizations in existence in the United States. In addition, there are also other crime syndicates that may operate locally depending upon a region of a nation."
Abstract This paper discusses the Aryan Brotherhood, a white supremacist group that believes in the ideology that white people (biologically European/ American in descent) are considered the supreme race, which is similar to Adolf Hitler?s, pro-Aryan, anti-Semitic ideologies during the World War II. They originated in California in 1967, particularly at the San Quentin prison and 'hate' any individual who has black skin or is Jewish in religion. It examines how they reinforce these ideologies over people (willing or unwilling) by means of violence, political, social and economic manipulation and how evidence of such violence occurred from killings and riots made during the early establishment of the group in the 1960s, and the prevalent occurrence of crime happened during the 1990s.
From the Paper "Their primary means of distinguishing their group from the others (apart from their physical appearance, of course) is identification through the Aryan Brotherhood tattoo, since its main origins came from the prison. It was said that any individual who is not a member of this group, and is found the members of AB would immediately subject sporting the said AB tattoo to murder. The Aryan Brotherhood Gang has increased alliance with other white supremacist groups, which includes the Aryan Nations, National Alliance, American Nazi Party, Nazi Low Riders, and Dirty White Boys."
Abstract This paper traces the various types of internal fraud committed by Don Sheelan, CEO of Regina Vacuum Cleaner Co. It looks at his motivations for committing the fraud and at the illegal actions he was involved in. It discusses the risk factors contributing to the failure of auditing in the Regina Company. The issues of improper internal control and a troubled personal financial situation are raised. The impact of intentional fraud on the faith of investors is explored. The paper concludes with suggestions about how the auditors can restore the public's faith in the integrity of business dealings in the company.
From the Paper "The case of Regina Vacuum Cleaner Co. is simply one of what seems like an endless stream of tales of corporate fraud. The case of Regina offers some important lessons for both the business world, and for auditors as well.
Internal fraud can take a wide number of forms. It can consist of high-tech cyber crimes, simply skimming off the cash register, or "cooking" books. There are a great many types of internal fraud, and many opportunities for internal fraud."
Abstract This paper analyzes and examines the multitude of issues concerning rape shield laws. Part II discusses why rape shield laws were and are necessary. In Part III, New Jersey's rape shield law is outlined. Part IV reviews noteworthy cases involving rape shield laws. In Part V, the pros and cons of rape shield laws are examined. Lastly, this paper concludes with recommendations concerning how and why rape shield laws should be modified.
From the Paper "Few crimes have long-term (or lifelong) impacts upon victims. Some crimes, like child abuse, domestic violence, molestation, murder, and rape, exact long-term (and often lifelong) pain upon victims. What makes rape particularly traumatizing to victims is that rape inflicts both physical violence upon victims as well as emotional trauma. Rape victims are instantaneously stripped of control, dignity, personal safety, self-esteem, etc."
