From the Paper
"The Criminal Justice System
This paper will analyze the criminal justice system in America today. The discussion will focus on whether the existing criminal justice system fails to reduce crime. The paper will explore what author Jeffrey Reiman means when he states that "we can make more sense our of criminal justice policy by assuming certain acts as criminal and other harmful acts as noncriminal, and by diverting valuable resources away from social programs that could reduce crime." Moreover, the discussion will consider the role which the currently existing legal and criminal justice systems play in maintaining a socio-economic system with structural features that generate high levels of crime and juvenile delinquency. This paper will also describe some of the causes and sources of crime in contemporary U.S. society. Finally, the text.."

From the Paper
"The criminal justice system, in the United States, contains elements of racism. This is especially apparent in the mandatory jail sentencing legislation for illegal drug charges. A sentencing disparity exists, between individuals, arrested for crack cocaine and powdered cocaine possession. This sentencing disparity is the result of mandatory sentencing guidelines, which require different lengths of jail terms for conviction of possession, of the different forms of cocaine. The law, as it is written, has racial implications. The words, of the law itself, are not racially discriminatory, but the application of the law, and the sociological effects of the law are racially discriminatory. The reasons behind the law and the discriminatory aspects of the law are varied. These background issues will need to be addressed in order to find a solution to.."

From the Paper
"Despite the devastating impact of white collar crimes on communities across the nation, the investigation of such crimes is a low priority for most law enforcement agencies. The growing complexity of these crimes and the fact that they generally take place over an extended period of time makes them difficult to detect. Once detected, victims are often reluctant to come forward because of the social stigma attached to having been defrauded. Few police departments are trained to gather evidence for many of the more sophisticated white collar crimes. Prosecutors are reluctant to take the cases because of the enormous investment in time involved, and the unlikelihood of convictions. Judges, who find their court dockets monopolized by violent, physical crimes, are often prone to leniency when presented with a case involving a white collar criminal. The.."

From the Paper
" RECIDIVISM AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of educational programs designed for inmates on recidivism. To this end, the paper examines various kinds of programs including: adult basic education programs; vocational programs; psychoeducational programs; and college level programs. Following an examination of the general effectiveness of these programs with respect to recidivism, the paper develops a set of conclusions regarding; a) the relationship between recidivism and the successful completion of educational programs; and b) the type of programs that appear to be particularly well-suited to the transitory nature of the jail population.

Recidivism and Adult Basic Education Programs.."

From the Paper
" INTRODUCTION
Community policing is a program being instituted in more and more police departments across the country, and it requires special training for the officers if it is to be effective. Community Policing is a program that links the actions of the police with citizen participation. This is part of an overall effort to solve the problems of the community by involving the community. Among the features of such a program are integrated investigations, team and neighborhood rather than a shift and divisional basis for officer deployment, foot patrols, and community service as a focus along with problem-oriented policing instead of mere crime-fighting. Programs of this sort mean a different structure for the police as well as altered functions, allocations of resources, and general attitude. This can be a.."

From the Paper
" No specific right to privacy is formulated in the U. S. Constitution. Yet, various aspects of privacy are touched on in the provisions of the first, fourth, fifth, and other amendments. Privacy issues related to law enforcement would, ordinarily, be worked out over time. But, in the present climate, with an enormous crime rate and the always-current politicizing of drug-related crime, the privacy rights of suspected criminals have become a major issue. Criminal justice approaches to drug crime are preemptive, proactive, and generally guided by the paradigm of a "War on Drugs." In this war, the rights of suspects and defendants are, increasingly, abrogated by law enforcement officials, courts, and legislators who believe that the crime problem is significant enough to warrant setting aside a few personal freedoms. Unfortunately, though this feels intuitively.."

From the Paper
"In Seductions of Crime, author Jack Katz contends that violent crime, particularly robbery, is an offense motivated primarily by the perpetrator's desire to demonstrate dominance. This argument lacks sufficient merit. People who commit robbery are pushed by social background forces rather than enticed by psychological foreground factors. Robbery is first and foremost an economic crime.
Katz focuses on African-American males in his discussion of robbery. The author presents data that clearly show black males disproportionately represented in arrest rates for this crime. Katz contends that "doing stickup" is a byproduct of the ethnic subculture of the streets: "For some urban, black ghetto-located young men, the stickup is particularly attractive as a distinctive way of being black" (Katz, 1988, p. 239). Here, the.."

From the Paper
"This research paper examines how the evidence in this case was used by the jury to find the defendant, O. J. Simpson, not guilty. The predominantly black and female jury took less than four hours to arrive at its verdict. Such a speedy decision appeared to many to be strange behavior after a case which took nine months to try and involved 1015 pieces of evidence, 45,000 pages of transcript and scores of witnesses (Behind 27). This led many observers to conclude that the jury had ignored a 'mountain of evidence' against Simpson and had voted to acquit based on its emotional biases and external perceptions unrelated to the evidence. A more accurate interpretation would be that the jury made up its mind before it began its deliberations and found that a reasonable doubt existed as to Simpson's guilt, largely because..."

Abstract
"The 1991 beating of California motorist Rodney King will have an impact on law enforcement for years to come. The videotape of the beating, broadcast nationwide, resulted in public outrage over police brutality. The City of Los Angeles appointed a special commission to investigate whether brutality was widespread within the police department.

From the Paper
"The 1991 beating of California motorist Rodney King will have an impact on law enforcement for years to come. The videotape of the beating, broadcast nationwide, resulted in public outrage over police brutality. The City of Los Angeles appointed a special commission to investigate whether brutality was widespread within the police department. Police departments across the country likewise reviewed their own policies on excessive force. Despite these efforts, citizen complaints about police brutality have increased since the Rodney King beating.

Police are allowed to use force during the course of their daily activities. Force can be used to make arrests, maintain order, or keep the peace. The important thing is that the police officer is able to gain control of the situation. How the officer gains control is left up to his or her judgment: "In ..."

Abstract
In the early 1990s, many American cities used youth curfews to combat juvenile crime, and at the time, civil liberties groups opposed the measures as indiscriminate restrictions on the free movement of innocent and guilty alike ("Young Criminals: Early to Bed").

From the Paper
"In the early 1990s, many American cities used youth curfews to combat juvenile crime, and at the time, civil liberties groups opposed the measures as indiscriminate restrictions on the free movement of innocent and guilty alike ("Young Criminals: Early to Bed"). Curfews have been instituted even more widely since then, with varying results. Curfews are also used to combat specific kinds of problem, as when cities use curfews to address a local gang problem or the prevalence of young drug dealers on streetcorners. Curfew restrictions are popular in some areas and unpopular in others, popular with the older generation and unpopular with the younger. They have been effective in some situations and not in others. An analysis of the issue suggests reasons for the disparity.

Curfew restrictions extend back many years, and one of the ..."

Abstract
A research proposal to determine if the justice system fails to rehabilitate offenders. Examines recidivism, stigmatization and at-risk youths.

From the Paper
"The Effects of the Criminal Justice System on Criminal Behavior:
Are Youthful Minor Offenders Condemned for Life?

I. Statement of the Problem
Recidivism is the propensity of persons convicted of criminal behavior to continue and even expand that behavior after leaving the care of the criminal justice system. Recidivism rates of up to 90% have been reported (Brier, 1994, 215). Thus, prior involvement with crime is often the single best predictor of future involvement with crime. The unanswered question, however, is whether past criminal behavior alone is the major culprit, or whether there is an intervening variable that enhances the potential for future crime. There is evidence that the criminal justice system is little more than a crime ..."

Abstract
This study examines various aspects of the criminal justice system's response to juvenile delinquency. First, the question of whether blacks and whites are treated differently by that system is assessed

From the Paper
"Abstract
This study examines various aspects of the criminal justice system's response to juvenile delinquency. First, the question of whether blacks and whites are treated differently by that system is assessed. Differences in the level and types of delinquent behavior engaged in by black and white youths are examined, as are differences in the types of punishments given to black and white juvenile offenders. Also, the question of whether the criminal justice system (as currently composed) actually serves as little more than a "criminal academy," is examined. The dependent variables for the first two questions are levels of delinquency and severity of response by authority to delinquent behavior. The independent variables for these questions is race of the offender. The dependent variable for the third question is ..."

Abstract
In Jonesboro, AR, two boys, ages 11 and 13, set off their school's fire alarm and shot classmates and teachers as they emptied into the schoolyard. Four were killed and 11 wounded. In Springfield, OR, a 15-year-old opened fire in his school cafeteria, killing two and injuring 23.

From the Paper
"Causes of Violence in Schools

In Jonesboro, AR, two boys, ages 11 and 13, set off their school's fire alarm and shot classmates and teachers as they emptied into the schoolyard. Four were killed and 11 wounded. In Springfield, OR, a 15-year-old opened fire in his school cafeteria, killing two and injuring 23. His parents were found dead at home. In Pearl, MS, a 16-year-old killed his mother with a butcher knife and then headed off to school where he shot and killed his ex-girlfriend and another female student. In Paducah, KY, a 14-year-old opened fire on his school prayer group, killing three female students and wounding five others.

This spate of killings has struck horror in the hearts of ..."

From the Paper
"PEER-TO-PEER SEXUAL HARASSMENT

Sexual harassment can undermine the effectiveness of school systems. This is a problem that administrators must take seriously. The best way to prevent violence in the school is to teach children how to resolve conflicts and express anger. This requires changing their beliefs, attitudes and behaviors.

According to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), sexual harassment is a form of sexual discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (OEEO, 1992, p. 1). Additionally, "victims of sexual harassment and other forms of sex discrimination in schools may sue for monetary damages" under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, which "prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender in schools and colleges that receive federal funding" (Lumsden, 1992, ..."

From the Paper
"HATE CRIMES AND HATE LEGISLATION

This research paper discusses the nature and incidence of hate crimes in the United States and laws which have been enacted or proposed to deal with them. Although the evidence is not conclusive that the number of hate crimes has actually increased in recent decades, their frequency suggests that racial, ethnic and other minorities have been threatened by them. The response has been a rash of legislation at state and federal levels, much of which is of questionable effectiveness. This legislation should be understood as being an outlet for society's frustration with hate crimes and as an exercise in political symbolism rather than as a serious attempt to deal with the underlying problems involved."