Abstract This essay discusses the events that took place on March 16, 1968 in the Vietnamese village of My Lai. It explores the days prior to the massacre and what role obedience played in the actions of the American soldiers. The paper explains the results and concepts learned in psychological experiments conducted by Stanley Milgram in the "Perils of Obedience". The paper also investigates why these experiments are crucial to the understanding why these men executed hundreds of unarmed civilians.
From the Paper "The disconcerted troops, who were under the command of Lt. William Calley, entered the village ready to engage in warfare with the Vietcong. The troops were part of a "search and destroy" mission, which soon became the massacre of over 300 unarmed civilians, which included children, women, and the elderly. Lt. Calley ordered the men to enter the village firing, in spite of the fact that there were no reports of opposing fire. (My Lai Massacre)
According to eyewitness reports offered after the event, several old men were bayoneted, praying women and children were shot in the back of the head, and at least one girl was raped, and then killed. For his part, Calley was said to have rounded up a group of the villagers, ordered them into a ditch, and mowed them down in a fury of machine gun fire. (My Lai Massacre)"
Abstract This paper covers the issues related to Internet abuse, sexual harassment and e-mail harassment in the work place based on a given case study. The case study illustrates abuse of the workplace environment and the trust accorded by employers and coworkers.
The paper then turns to the controversial question of the right of the employer to monitor employee e-mails and Internet use and if so, the question of the extent to which this is allowed.
From the Paper "When an employee enters the office environment he or she is essentially entering a place where he is being trusted to cater to the organizational culture. The salary received by the employee is not merely for services provided but rather the sense of loyalty and trust that he or she incites in the employers and the coworkers. In the same context, the employees within the organizational environment trust the management to keep them safe and expect their coworkers to maintain a stress free environment as far as possible. The policies created for the regulatory functioning of the work place are then presented so as to maintain certain decorum of trust within the organization. These policies then create the culture of the organization and work to create the reputation the organization has in terms of employee's and customers for the most recent research suggests that a satisfied worker produces more turnover in terms of production and is thus, more motivated. Any interference in these policies would then directly interfere with employee motivation."
Abstract The writer of this paper examines the history of the "profession" of prostitution. It looks at the conditions of employment and often exploitation of these women by pimps. The writer asks the question why this issue was never on the agenda for feminist groups and women's rights activists. It looks at the "geisha" system of Japan whereby prostitution is a recognized profession. It compares these attitudes to those in the Western world.
From the Paper "Why is it that the job that is often called the world's oldest profession does not have the world's oldest union, or often any form of union representation at all? There is an additional irony to the economic status of the prostitute in today's job market, for although the majority of these "field soldiers" in the sex industry are female, prostitutes are also often underpaid and often exploited in their labors. Why have feminists shown so little concern over the status of prostitutes? After all, the practitioners of the "world's oldest profession" are demonstrable proof that women have, contrary to the popular media debates on the subject if women should work or not, have always worked in some capacity or another. A common defense of women working by feminists is that women's work, like housework, has often been unpaid and invisible, or in the case of professional housecleaning and prostitution, poorly paid and tacitly ignored by society."
Tags: working, women, pimp, exploitation, geisha, japan, feminist, whore, sex
Abstract The paper examines several texts where the term justice is explored. The paper discusses how justice is perceived in Plato's "Republic" in an argument between Socrates and a man named Glaucon. It shows how Aristotle goes further in "The Nicomachean Ethics" to say that justice involves the elements of virtue. Other sources explored include the article "Is Tolerance Enough? The Catholic University and the common good" by David Hollenbach on the idea of justice and the Catholic Church, as well as a speech given by Reverend Bliss Brown in September, 2001 entitled "Stretching Your Views".
From the Paper "Justice is a commonly used term, but what does it actually mean? Justice is more than a belief, it is a way of life. Justice is a hard term to understand, and that is why these four different perspectives on the idea have been assembled. Each will be examined thoroughly in the pursuit to understand the true meaning of justice. Justice is more than an act it is how a person is composed. The idea of justice is comprised of many components, each of which is an integral part of the final concept. Justice is best practiced in an environment where it could be understood and followed."
Abstract The paper speaks about a community-based strategy, that alows police to trust citizens and citizens to trust, in contrast to traditonal authoritarian modes of policing. The paper explores several models of community-based policing in the world, with a focus on Jamaica.
From the Paper "In recent times, community-based policing, especially in the Western World, particularly in the United States and the UK, has been the preferred way of crime fighting. It has been accepted, however, that because of the differences in cultures, politics and economic infrastructure of societies, there may be some problems in introducing some of these measures that are designed to be more "people-oriented". Nevertheless, while resources may be one problem along with political and economic differences, there is also that problem of social acceptance of measures to be imported into a culture where the citizenry are wary of the intentions of the police force, as in Jamaica."
Tags: Constabulary, Force, Crime, Management, Unit, authoritarian, Anglophone
From the Paper "Introduction
In American crime lore, John Gotti is known as "The Teflon Don" because no crime he ever committed "stuck" to him. For a while, that is. Gotti began his rise to fame (or infamy, depending on your point of view) when he was 16.
Gambino crime boss John Gotti, better known as the "Teflon Don."
In 1985, at the age of 45, Gotti became the head of the Gambino crime family, one of the five Mafia families that share New York City. This paper will examine Gotti's rise to power, his fall, and speculate on his future. Before doing this, however, it is necessary to see a bit of the background against which his story is drawn.
The Mafia in America.."
From the Paper " The Attica prison riot took place in September, 1971 at the Attica Correctional Facility near Buffalo, New York and lasted four days. It ended when 1,500 State Police and National Guardsmen stormed the complex, leaving 42 people dead, including 10 hostages ("Attica Prison Riot"). At the end of the riot, there were conflicting calls for tougher prisons on the one hand, and for prison reform to correct the abuses that had contributed to the riot on the other. In the immediate aftermath of the riot, a number of reforms were instituted. However, in the years since, politicians and administrators have responded to calls to be tougher on crime by incarcerating many more people, thus overcrowding many facilities; reducing any service that might be seen as "coddling" prisoners; reducing or eliminating prison education programs; and generally creating a.."
From the Paper " The problem of family violence, particularly the abuse and neglect of children, has only recently captured public attention. Abuse in such cases includes physical beatings, emotional or psychological abuse, and sexual exploitation directed against women, children and even the elderly (Perrucci & Knudsen, 1990). Neglect involves failure to provide for the physical and social needs of a female partner, elderly dependent, or child through lack of adequate food, shelter, protection, or other care. It is impossible to identify the extent of child abuse and neglect in this country, but estimates of physical abuse of children range from 50,000 to 100,000 cases annually in the United States; one estimate suggests that at least 14 percent of all American children are physically mistreated seriously enough each year to qualify as abused (Perrucci & Knudsen, 1990). "
From the Paper "Adolescent Boys, Family Life & Gangs
Introduction
Youth gangs are usually defined as groups of young people who frequently engage in illegal activity on a group basis (Rogers, 1991, p. 20). Generally, 90 to 95 percent of gang members are males, many of them adolescent males (Curry & Decker, 1998, p. 97). Gangs are usually territorial in nature, identifying with a particular neighborhood and protecting their "turf" from encroachment by other gangs. Better organized gangs often control economically motivated crime such as burglary, extortion or drug-trafficking at the neighborhood level. They may also sell "protection" from criminal activity to legitimate merchants (Rogers, 1991, p. 20). Generally, youth gangs exploded in the 1980s in what one researcher called "an historic American urban social problem" (Rogers, 1991, p. 20). "
From the Paper "Americans at times seem to be consumed by crime, showing at one and the same time a fear of crime and a fascination with it. Crime is a topic in the daily newspaper, often crowding other news off the front pages. Crime and fear of crime are important subjects in political campaigns. Crime is a staple on entertainment programs on television and in books and movies which detail both real and fictional crimes from a wide variety of points of view. Organized crime is only one aspect of the crime problem in America. In the past, organized crime was a more potent and feared force, especially in the cities of the Northeast, but then and now organized crime has an effect on society in terms of added costs to goods and services, increased costs for law enforcement, and an effect on the administration of justice and on the degree to which Americans place their trust in..."
From the Paper "The Teamsters Union was formed in 1902 with a decentralized group of horse-and-buggy men, otherwise known as team drivers. They wielded tremendous power because businesses depended on their deliveries (Brill, 1978, p. 3). Because strikes affected the public adversely, the public was supportive of business owners against the workers. In order to fight back against the business owners, police and the public, the workers enlisted the assistance of local gangsters. Therefore, from the beginning of its existence, the Teamsters were plagued by internal conflicts, violent strikes and association with gangsters (Friedman & Schwarz, 1989, pp. 8-9). During the ?20s, Teamster membership hovered around 75,000; compared to other labor unions, the Teamster Union exerted little influence. However, after 1934, with the passage of the ..."
From the Paper "Theodore Robert Bundy was, as serial killers go, at once a stereotype and an exception. White, male, above average in intelligence, adept at donning a misleading mask of sanity and charm- all of the characteristics typically associated with serial killers- were well embodied in Ted Bundy. And yet, the scope and nature of Bundy's crimes indicate that this particular predator was unique. More efficient and elusive than others who have shared his perversions, Ted Bundy was a confident killer; he chose high-class victims and moved with seeming effortlessness in elite circles among those that were unable or unwilling to perceive the depths of his depravity(MacPherson..."
Analyzes various forms of cyber crime and effect on Internet users. Defines computer crimes & fraud activities. Fraud activities, privacy concerns, crime detection programs.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, 2001, $ 55.95
From the Paper "Fears of being robbed, assaulted, raped, or otherwise victimized on the "mean streets" of American cities are hardly giving way, but new fears of criminal victimization are emerging as more and more Americans long on to the Internet for shopping, investment, financial transactions of all kinds (including bill payments and banking), and ordinary communication. Michael Miller (1999) commented that only a few short years ago, Americans who were thrilled with Internet chat rooms and Trivial Pursuit games were less than enthusiastic about using their credit cards to make online purchases; the industries that wanted to exploit the commercial advantages of the emerging medium joined together to create tough to break data encryption standards and protocols that would reduce this fear and the..."
Discusses California's Corcoran State Prison. Guards' use of deadly force, mentions the 1998 court case involving the shooting of an inmate by a guard. Denial of prisoners' civil rights.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, 2001, $ 47.95
From the Paper "Corcoran State Prison, part of the California prison system, has become infamous as a place where prisoners are abused, where guards used prisoners to stage fights and then bet on the outcome, where complaints by prisoners led to punishment for the prisoners but not for the guards who were committing offenses, and where finally a court delivered a major verdict against the California state prison system.
In its first decade of operation, Corcoran State Prison, touted as a state-of-the-art facility, proved to be a very dangerous place for prisoners to be placed. In that first ten years, Corcoran guards shot and killed seven inmates, and only nine months after opening, guards shot and wounded three inmates in eight weeks. These shootings were ruled justified on the claim that the intent was to protect an inmate or guard. "
Abstract This paper aims at researching boot camps in an effort to go beyond the overly simplistic media portrayal, to clarify the who, what, when, where and why of the issue. The paper illustrates all the issues involved in the designing of a successful boot camp which will allow for maximal societal adjustment of juvenile criminals and minimal recidivism. The writer outlines the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of boot camps and discusses the future of boot camps.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The History of Juvenile Boot Camps
What is a Boot Camp?
Why Do Juvenile Boot Camps Exist?
Who Occupies Juvenile Boot Camps?
Where Are Juvenile Boot Camps?
Boot Camp Design
A Made-In-Ontario Solution: Canada's First Juvenile Boot Camp
Types of Offenders
Youth Demographics
Factors Associated with Delinquency
The Effectiveness of Boot Camps
The Ineffectiveness of Boot Camps
The Negative Impact of Boot Camps
Boot Camps as a Less Costly Alternative to Incarceration
Positive Impacts on Behavior
Aftercare
Public Response and Boot Camps
The Future of Boot Camps
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "If the average North American were to rely solely on the media for accurate information about youth crime, we would have a continent of misinformed people. The media would like us to believe that there is an epidemic of youth crime despite extensive evidence to the contrary. This media attention, however inaccurate, has led the public to demand the justice system deal more harshly with young offenders. The result of this public outcry was the establishment of boot camps for juvenile offenders."
