Abstract The paper speaks about a community-based strategy, that alows police to trust citizens and citizens to trust, in contrast to traditonal authoritarian modes of policing. The paper explores several models of community-based policing in the world, with a focus on Jamaica.
From the Paper "In recent times, community-based policing, especially in the Western World, particularly in the United States and the UK, has been the preferred way of crime fighting. It has been accepted, however, that because of the differences in cultures, politics and economic infrastructure of societies, there may be some problems in introducing some of these measures that are designed to be more "people-oriented". Nevertheless, while resources may be one problem along with political and economic differences, there is also that problem of social acceptance of measures to be imported into a culture where the citizenry are wary of the intentions of the police force, as in Jamaica."
Tags: Constabulary, Force, Crime, Management, Unit, authoritarian, Anglophone
From the Paper "Introduction
In American crime lore, John Gotti is known as "The Teflon Don" because no crime he ever committed "stuck" to him. For a while, that is. Gotti began his rise to fame (or infamy, depending on your point of view) when he was 16.
Gambino crime boss John Gotti, better known as the "Teflon Don."
In 1985, at the age of 45, Gotti became the head of the Gambino crime family, one of the five Mafia families that share New York City. This paper will examine Gotti's rise to power, his fall, and speculate on his future. Before doing this, however, it is necessary to see a bit of the background against which his story is drawn.
The Mafia in America.."
From the Paper " The Attica prison riot took place in September, 1971 at the Attica Correctional Facility near Buffalo, New York and lasted four days. It ended when 1,500 State Police and National Guardsmen stormed the complex, leaving 42 people dead, including 10 hostages ("Attica Prison Riot"). At the end of the riot, there were conflicting calls for tougher prisons on the one hand, and for prison reform to correct the abuses that had contributed to the riot on the other. In the immediate aftermath of the riot, a number of reforms were instituted. However, in the years since, politicians and administrators have responded to calls to be tougher on crime by incarcerating many more people, thus overcrowding many facilities; reducing any service that might be seen as "coddling" prisoners; reducing or eliminating prison education programs; and generally creating a.."
From the Paper " The problem of family violence, particularly the abuse and neglect of children, has only recently captured public attention. Abuse in such cases includes physical beatings, emotional or psychological abuse, and sexual exploitation directed against women, children and even the elderly (Perrucci & Knudsen, 1990). Neglect involves failure to provide for the physical and social needs of a female partner, elderly dependent, or child through lack of adequate food, shelter, protection, or other care. It is impossible to identify the extent of child abuse and neglect in this country, but estimates of physical abuse of children range from 50,000 to 100,000 cases annually in the United States; one estimate suggests that at least 14 percent of all American children are physically mistreated seriously enough each year to qualify as abused (Perrucci & Knudsen, 1990). "
From the Paper "Adolescent Boys, Family Life & Gangs
Introduction
Youth gangs are usually defined as groups of young people who frequently engage in illegal activity on a group basis (Rogers, 1991, p. 20). Generally, 90 to 95 percent of gang members are males, many of them adolescent males (Curry & Decker, 1998, p. 97). Gangs are usually territorial in nature, identifying with a particular neighborhood and protecting their "turf" from encroachment by other gangs. Better organized gangs often control economically motivated crime such as burglary, extortion or drug-trafficking at the neighborhood level. They may also sell "protection" from criminal activity to legitimate merchants (Rogers, 1991, p. 20). Generally, youth gangs exploded in the 1980s in what one researcher called "an historic American urban social problem" (Rogers, 1991, p. 20). "
From the Paper "Americans at times seem to be consumed by crime, showing at one and the same time a fear of crime and a fascination with it. Crime is a topic in the daily newspaper, often crowding other news off the front pages. Crime and fear of crime are important subjects in political campaigns. Crime is a staple on entertainment programs on television and in books and movies which detail both real and fictional crimes from a wide variety of points of view. Organized crime is only one aspect of the crime problem in America. In the past, organized crime was a more potent and feared force, especially in the cities of the Northeast, but then and now organized crime has an effect on society in terms of added costs to goods and services, increased costs for law enforcement, and an effect on the administration of justice and on the degree to which Americans place their trust in..."
From the Paper "The Teamsters Union was formed in 1902 with a decentralized group of horse-and-buggy men, otherwise known as team drivers. They wielded tremendous power because businesses depended on their deliveries (Brill, 1978, p. 3). Because strikes affected the public adversely, the public was supportive of business owners against the workers. In order to fight back against the business owners, police and the public, the workers enlisted the assistance of local gangsters. Therefore, from the beginning of its existence, the Teamsters were plagued by internal conflicts, violent strikes and association with gangsters (Friedman & Schwarz, 1989, pp. 8-9). During the ?20s, Teamster membership hovered around 75,000; compared to other labor unions, the Teamster Union exerted little influence. However, after 1934, with the passage of the ..."
From the Paper "Theodore Robert Bundy was, as serial killers go, at once a stereotype and an exception. White, male, above average in intelligence, adept at donning a misleading mask of sanity and charm- all of the characteristics typically associated with serial killers- were well embodied in Ted Bundy. And yet, the scope and nature of Bundy's crimes indicate that this particular predator was unique. More efficient and elusive than others who have shared his perversions, Ted Bundy was a confident killer; he chose high-class victims and moved with seeming effortlessness in elite circles among those that were unable or unwilling to perceive the depths of his depravity(MacPherson..."
Analyzes various forms of cyber crime and effect on Internet users. Defines computer crimes & fraud activities. Fraud activities, privacy concerns, crime detection programs.
1,575 words (approx. 6.3 pages), 10 sources, 2001, $ 55.95
From the Paper "Fears of being robbed, assaulted, raped, or otherwise victimized on the "mean streets" of American cities are hardly giving way, but new fears of criminal victimization are emerging as more and more Americans long on to the Internet for shopping, investment, financial transactions of all kinds (including bill payments and banking), and ordinary communication. Michael Miller (1999) commented that only a few short years ago, Americans who were thrilled with Internet chat rooms and Trivial Pursuit games were less than enthusiastic about using their credit cards to make online purchases; the industries that wanted to exploit the commercial advantages of the emerging medium joined together to create tough to break data encryption standards and protocols that would reduce this fear and the..."
Discusses California's Corcoran State Prison. Guards' use of deadly force, mentions the 1998 court case involving the shooting of an inmate by a guard. Denial of prisoners' civil rights.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 8 sources, 2001, $ 47.95
From the Paper "Corcoran State Prison, part of the California prison system, has become infamous as a place where prisoners are abused, where guards used prisoners to stage fights and then bet on the outcome, where complaints by prisoners led to punishment for the prisoners but not for the guards who were committing offenses, and where finally a court delivered a major verdict against the California state prison system.
In its first decade of operation, Corcoran State Prison, touted as a state-of-the-art facility, proved to be a very dangerous place for prisoners to be placed. In that first ten years, Corcoran guards shot and killed seven inmates, and only nine months after opening, guards shot and wounded three inmates in eight weeks. These shootings were ruled justified on the claim that the intent was to protect an inmate or guard. "
Abstract This paper aims at researching boot camps in an effort to go beyond the overly simplistic media portrayal, to clarify the who, what, when, where and why of the issue. The paper illustrates all the issues involved in the designing of a successful boot camp which will allow for maximal societal adjustment of juvenile criminals and minimal recidivism. The writer outlines the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of boot camps and discusses the future of boot camps.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The History of Juvenile Boot Camps
What is a Boot Camp?
Why Do Juvenile Boot Camps Exist?
Who Occupies Juvenile Boot Camps?
Where Are Juvenile Boot Camps?
Boot Camp Design
A Made-In-Ontario Solution: Canada's First Juvenile Boot Camp
Types of Offenders
Youth Demographics
Factors Associated with Delinquency
The Effectiveness of Boot Camps
The Ineffectiveness of Boot Camps
The Negative Impact of Boot Camps
Boot Camps as a Less Costly Alternative to Incarceration
Positive Impacts on Behavior
Aftercare
Public Response and Boot Camps
The Future of Boot Camps
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "If the average North American were to rely solely on the media for accurate information about youth crime, we would have a continent of misinformed people. The media would like us to believe that there is an epidemic of youth crime despite extensive evidence to the contrary. This media attention, however inaccurate, has led the public to demand the justice system deal more harshly with young offenders. The result of this public outcry was the establishment of boot camps for juvenile offenders."
Social, legal & moral conflict over treatment of children charged with serious crimes. Examples, penalties, juvenile system, history, statistics, accountability.
1,800 words (approx. 7.2 pages), 8 sources, 1996, $ 63.95
From the Paper "This paper is a discussion of the issue of trying children as adults. Recent reports issued by the Justice Department have shown an alarming rise in juvenile crime, while the headlines have spotlighted particularly heinous acts performed by very young children. From the kidnapping and brutal murder of 2-year-old James Bulger by two 10-year-old boys in Liverpool in 1993 to the beating of a month-old infant by a 6-year-old boy in Contra County, California, in 1996, violent acts committed by very young children have severely tested the ability of the criminal justice system to establish impartial guidelines for dealing with young criminals. Historically, juveniles have always presented a difficult problem for the courts, which must determine whether there exists an arbitrary age at which a child can be held responsible for his actions and whether age alone should be the..."
From the Paper "Martin Daly and Margo Wilson's Homicide is a lengthy, scholarly examination of the topic of people killing each other. As the authors state in their introductory remarks,
Killing one's antagonist is the ultimate conflict resolution technique, and our ancestors discovered it long before they were people. Homicide is a life-and-death issue to the protagonists, of course, but it is also profoundly interesting to those not immediately involved (p. ix).
The justification for writing the present volume is to conduct and "exercise in 'evolutionary psychology': the attempt to understand normal social motives as products of the process of evolution by natural selection" (p. ix).
According to the authors, their specialization in the area of homicide is the result of some eight years of research into.."
From the Paper "The purpose of this paper is to discuss the rise and fall of Mafia boss John Gotti and his Gambino Family gang. John Gotti was born in New York City, the son of John Joseph Gotti, an impoverished Italian day-laborer who had emigrated to America in 1920 with his young wife, Fannie. They had 13 children, of whom two died in infancy. John Gotti (Jr. while his father was alive) was the fifth child (Cummings and Volkman, 1990, pp. 10, 14-15).
John grew up in a neighborhood dominated by the Mafia, or the honored society, the organization, the mob, the syndicate, the outfit, or La Cosa Nostra, depending on who was talking. By whatever name, it was organized crime. While John Gotti was growing up, the most notorious capo of a Mafia gang was "Lucky" Luciano, who inevitably became an idol for Gotti to worship (Cummings and Volkman, 1990, pp. 21-29)."
From the Paper "Police have increasingly been called into the public educational setting to insure the safety of high school campuses. Many school districts have their own police departments, or "school police," who head security departments on campus. Their credibility as police officers helps to insure a safe environment in which learning can take place. Drugs, weapons, on-campus brawls, and traffic problems are less likely when students see that the full force of the law is at hand. Background information on school police in some communities will provide an introduction to what many believe is the best solution to crime in today's high schools. At the same time, however, issues of search/seizure, random drug testing, locker searches, and strip searching have been brought to the forefront by the advent of tightened security measures and an increase in crime. The..."
