Abstract This paper discusses how the same leadership principles and skills that have been used to turn inefficient private organizations and military units into flourishing and effective ones can be used to transform police departments into dynamic and successful environments. It describes how many ineffective police practices have evolved and what must be done to change these management practices. It also looks at various leadership styles and how new policies can be implemented.
From the Paper "Police department officials play a large role in implementing new leadership practices. They must learn the basic leadership skills, such as patience, understanding, fairness, and judgment, and recognize that leadership is a crucial aspect of successful management. In addition, they must learn to let go of past and dated practices, such as public criticism, tactlessness, and unfairness, which are detrimental to police departments today. While many police leaders perceive themselves as being tough and authoritative, they must show consideration, caring, and loyalty to their employees. These are the values that produce positive results, including a higher degree of employee motivation and morale, and ultimately, more effective organizations."
Abstract Juvenile delinquency is a contemporary term for an old problem. One of the oldest relevant studies of the phenomenon is "social disorganization" theory, which was developed by the Chicago school of sociology in the 1920?s. The paper shows that this theory posits that there exist areas in a city in which traditional institutions have little or no control. This was studied in Chicago using a system of "Concentric Zones" which demonstrated that most of the crime in the city occurs within certain areas that are typically associated with poverty. The paper discusses studies done by Shaw and McKay in the 1940s which used this theory to show a strong association between census tracts and crime rates. The paper describes the theory and analyzes it, showing the arguments of those schools who utilize the theory as well as its critics.
From the Paper "She felt that court appearance was too narrow of a metric to judge delinquent behavior in children. She argues that the customs of diverse cultural groups are such that irrespective of the location of the groups in the city the proportions of their populations who come before the courts will inevitably vary. Robison's concept of delinquency is broader than Shaw?s, and extends to cover behavior, which is generically described as anti-social. She argues that that the higher the parental income the fewer the child's chances of coming into court. Robison's arguments would appear reasonable in its universality: view of the fact that the efficiency of various cultures in controlling the behavior of individuals can scarcely be measured in the same way."
Tags: central, business, district, transitional, zone
Abstract The following brief discussion considers the two sides of this issue. Initially, my support for affirmative action is outlined. Subsequently, the body of the paper considers responses to my position. A conclusion reiterates support for affirmative action in light of the arguments against it.
Abstract This paper examines the issue of minorities in police departments across the United States. The author discusses the history of minorities and women in law enforcement, examines police department racial diversity statistics, analyzes the influence of Affirmative Action in law enforcement, and measures its affect on minority communities.
This novel illuminates the inequality in colonial society, since it becomes a significant exception to the versions given by visitors from the upper-class. A side of colonial life, that remained hidden in the dominant discourse of the time, emerges right
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 3 sources, 2002, $ 35.95
Abstract This novel illuminates the inequality in colonial society, since it becomes a significant exception to the versions given by visitors from the upper-class. A side of colonial life, that remained hidden in the dominant discourse of the time, emerges right before our eyes. This is vitally important, because it explains how and why American democracy never truly lived up to its ideals.
Tags: BOOK REPORTS - BOOK REVIEWS, moraley the infortunate
Abstract This paper discusses the role and responsibilities of a police officer. The paper reveals that officers make a very positive contribution to their communities, seeing that they help members of the public in a wide variety of situations. More than anything else, a police officer helps in crime prevention and in protecting citizens from crime. The paper also touches on the importance of the police officer avoiding using excessive force and abusing his/her authority.
Abstract The concept of mens rea will first be elaborated in this paper, followed by an analysis of when the defense of insanity can be applied and concluded by a brief discussion on the credibility of criminal insanity.
Abstract This research paper discusses and explores the relationship between self-control theory and crime, deviance and criminalistic behavior. It provides a gleaning of the various theories and studies conducted on this subject and what their findings were.
Abstract Describes Hirschi's "Theory of Social Control", including its problems and implications. Also includes a personal opinion of why this particular theory was chosen.
From the Paper "In the study of criminology, there are various ideas or theories about why some individuals commit crimes while others do not. There are theorists who choose to approach criminal behavior by questioning why some people deviate from the social norms and commit crimes. On the other hand, there are those criminologists who want to know what causes certain individuals not to stray from the straight and the narrow path of conformity. Those criminologists who question what causes people to say no to temptation are referred to as social control theorists. Social control theory explores the factors which cause obedience in the behavior of most human beings. Although a few theorists have delved into the social control theory, Travis Hirschi is one who explained it most thoroughly."
Abstract This paper begins with a definition of the rules of street racing. It then examines the sociological aspects of this illegal pastime, especially its appeal to inner-city adolescent boys. The paper then discusses a police report on an event involving street, or drag, racing. Finally, the paper examines the steps taken by law enforcement agencies to curb this dangerous sport.
From the Paper "The problem of illegal street racing is more common in the inner cities, although kids in suburban neighborhoods do also engage in such sport. For the most part, inner city kids are more likely to engage in such activities than other groups. School age children in the inner cities often are unable to find many other activities and services in their neighborhoods. According to studies, "The illegal street racing sport is more prevalent in African American neighborhoods, under a climate of isolation, the underclass youth evolve new attitudes, behaviors and practices which further marginalize their neighborhoods". {Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton. 1994}"
Abstract This paper provides a brief time-line of the history of the development of the current prison system. It begins with the methods used by the Quakers in the early settlement days and how these methods were adapted with the growth of the population. It discusses how the system was finally centralized and turned into a government body and how it developed into the organization it is today.
From the Paper "The Department of Corrections is an agency that is responsible for the supervisions and management of convicted felons. This Department allows the protection of the community by maintaining secure facilities that keep offenders under firm supervision. It is this Department that maintains the safety of our society.
The history of the Department of Corrections in the United States dates back as far as the mid-1600?s. At the time, the general punishments for crime were brutal and bloody, often ending in death. The Quakers sought to end the bloodshed by creating a new punishment. Thus, they began to substitute imprisonment for the violence (Clear & Cole, 2003)."
Abstract This paper argues that the death penalty should be abolished. The paper asserts that the death penalty is spurious, often based on socioeconomic or other factors irrelevant to the severity of the crime itself, and employed in a racist fashion.
From the Paper "The death penalty is an arbitrary institution that is employed for a series of reasons that are unrelated to the crimes committed by actual persons (assuming, of course, that those sentenced to the death penalty are even guilty of the crimes that they have committed). Indeed, the death penalty is employed differently depending upon the race, gender, and wealth of accused person. These criteria are unacceptable for use in determining outcomes that will result in imminent death for accused persons. The death penalty, since it is influenced by these factors is used arbitrarily and must be stopped."
Abstract Discusses problems facing U.S. correctional system and prisons stretched past their limits triggering riots and violence among prisoners and misconduct by correctional officers.
From the Paper "The topic of this paper is private prisons and its contribution to the American criminal justice system. In order to cope with the problems of overcrowding in prisons and the escalating costs of building cells, public officials have transferred the ..."
Abstract This paper discusses the origin of prison gangs and the factors that keep them alive behind the walls of every prison in the country. It also discusses the six major gangs and how each is identified. Statistics from correctional facilities, as well as national surveys, are revealed and prove the rise in prison gangs and the threat they pose for communities.
From the Paper "Prison gangs are flourishing behind the walls of every correctional facility across the country. There are six major gangs that are generally identified by racial or ethnic members. Prison gangs are much better organized than the average street gang, thus, when an inmate is released he is more savvy about keeping a lower profile and so become more difficult for authorities to track. Prison gangs have risen some four hundred percent during the last decade and are still climbing. Gangs inside the prison walls have become experts at communicating through coded messages. Prison gangs originated as a form of protection from predator inmates, but expanded to include contraband. Gangs, whether street or prison, are identified by law enforcement as Security Threat Groups, STGs, and are monitored by officials."
Abstract This paper explains that two of the most widely used weapons by law enforcement officials are WebShot, a 3m-wide Kevlar net that can entangle targets as far away as 9 meters, and the Taser gun, which transmits an electrical signal that results in an instant loss of the attacker's neuromuscular control and any ability to perform coordinated action. The author discusses a device commonly known as a spike strip or stop strip, which, when activated, punctures the tires of a car. The paper concludes that the effects of these weapons on society have been enormous and have led to declines in the number of injuries to suspects and officers and to fewer liability claims.
From the Paper "According to Cohen (1997), "the most widely used non-lethal weapons are wood, rubber, or polyurethane bullets shot out of modified 37-mm pistols or 12-gauge shotguns. At short distances, officers are using pepper spray and Tasers".Other technologies still in development include guns that shoot giant nets, guns that squirt sticky glue, and lights that can temporarily blind a suspect.? A full description of all the various weapons in use or under development is beyond the scope of this paper, but it is plain to see that the law enforcement and military community are taking this matter seriously."
